Kakhulu Ushintshe asphalt isibopho kanye kwehle enamathela ugqinsi.

Kakhulu Ushintshe asphalt isibopho kanye kwehle enamathela ugqinsi.

Ukusetshenziswa okusezingeni eliphezulu polymer-modified asphalt isibopho for enamathela (TOFMS) kunganciphisa ukushuba we ungqimba enamathela ngenkathi sigcina noma idlula ukusebenza izingqimba namandla kakhulu asphalt ezinengilazi ezivamile ngisho esiminyaminyeni sezimoto kakhulu. Le miphumela wafika-National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) kokuhlola.

Umjikelezo wesine ucwaningo (2009-2012), eyenziwa NCAT ithrekhi yokuhlola e Opelika, Alabama, United States, lokho kuyinkomba yokuthi leyompahla ipholigoni izigaba zokuhlola wabeka asphalt ngesisekelo HDI kukhwelana ukujula ngokwesilinganiso 1/3 esingaphansi ingxenye ukulawula umzila (ungqimba ukushuba ngesikhathi ingxenye control 18% kunaleyo lokuhlola). Ingxenye ne VMPS asphalt ezisekelwe kanye ingxenye ukulawula sanikwa enamathela, ekhiqizwa kwelinye senqubo yokukhiqiza Superave [1].

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa yashicilelwa inkomfa uhla (28-29 Februwari 2012) ngesikhathi Ihhotela at Auburn University futhi Dixon Conference Centre, Auburn, Alabama.

Ucwaningo Amathuba landfill

NCAT ithrekhi yokuhlola lakhiwa ngo-2000. ubude bayo - 2.7 km, ukuma komgwaqo - i lesiyingi. Injongo umzila - isivivinyo yashesha phezu izingxenye amamitha angu-60, okuyinto ukulandelela bafake lonke ekuphileni inkonzo abalingisa iminyaka engu-2. amasayithi Test uvumele onjiniyela nabacwaningi ukukala, irekhodi futhi sihlaziye ukusabela ukumboza imithwalo emikhulu ukuze athuthukise ezinengilazi ngendlela efanele.

Iziza kunikeziwe izifundo abaxhasi ezifana Federal Road Administration (FHWA), kanye minyango kahulumeni yokuthutha izinkampani ezizimele test Izingxube for Uthwale emgwaqeni umjikelezo ngamunye. Ukwakhiwa, ukusebenza kanye ucwaningo at site oxhaswe imizamo ahlangene ejensi kanye nezinkampani ezizimele, ngalinye elikwazi wenza uhlelo ayo ucwaningo.

Into komjikelezo lwamuva steel kwesakhiwo ebusweni enamathela. Zilungiselela isifundo zihlanganisa ukwakhiwa kabusha noma vosstanovlenie17 izingxenye umzila (isamba 46). Omunye wabo kwakungu-isayithi N7 lapho the asphalt sabekwa ngesisekelo HDI, ubuchwepheshe lakhiwa esigabeni abaxhasi benkampani Kraton Ukusebenza nokunye.

Isikhathi umjikelezo isifundo ngasinye - iminyaka emithathu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kungenzeka ukwakha noma kabusha amasayithi, ukuze belingisa esiyiminyaka emibili, ukugeleza nempahla, sihlaziye idatha futhi ulungiselele imibiko. Okwamanje isayithi esihlelelwe uchungechunge wesihlanu izifundo lapho uzobe adiliza nezindawo ubuningi (Spring 2012) kanye nokwakhiwa entsha (ngasekupheleni kwehlobo 2012). Qala ukuhamba landfill kuhlelelwe ukwenza ngo-August 2012.

ukucindezeleka okwedlulele, uvivinyo olunzima

I sekulingisa wenziwa ngaphansi kohlelo ezilandelayo: ipholigoni isetshenziswa izigaba 10 million imijikelezo okulingana 8.2 m ibalwa umthwalo Axial (ESAL) iminyaka engu-2. Amaloli usebenze ukunyakaza amashifu amabili. Lokhu 8-eksisi 70 ton namaloli trailer okuyinto enze ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo nsuku zonke kusuka 5.00 kuya 23,00. Ngamunye amaloli amahlanu odlulayo 1100 km ngosuku.

Ukuze kube lula sokuhlola indawo yathola Izesekeli ezahlukene: thermistors efakwe ekujuleni ezahlukene asphalt komgandayo futhi uxhumeke kwi-othomathikhi sezulu esiteshini at the site. Le datha kusiza ukuhlola izimo zokusebenza ngayinye amasayithi. Indlela Abasabela Ngayo ukumboza umthwalo kukalwa nge uhlobo Izikali nokucindezelwa izinzwa efakwe ekujuleni ezithile. Inethiwekhi engenazintambo efakwe kulo ithrekhi, inikeza idatha ngesivinini kwiseva main.

Njalo ngeviki NCAT amasheke usebenzisa i isiphrofayela inertial nge ezimbili ukuskena laser yokulinganisa instrument gauge: maholoholo kulinganiswa kwesondo ngalinye endleleni, makrotekstura zesondo ngakwesokudla endleleni ithrekhi kwesondo ngalinye sokuhlola ngamunye isikhawu. Futhi kuthathwe ezinye izinyathelo: non-elimazayo ukuminyana kokuqhathanisa nezigaba iphrofayli. Njalo ukuhlolwa ngesonto umthelela falling isisindo deflectometer futhi, kanye ukukwazi ebusweni ngokuhlaziya. Kanye ngenyanga, tivivinyo ngomshikisho olwenziwa (usebenzisa ogcwele ngomshikisho umbhalisi). Uhlolo ubuqotho futhi permeability aphethwe kanye ikota. Izibonelo zalokho sokunquma uphawu ngalunye enamathela ungqimba nayo wenza ikota ngalinye.

Ukuze lula metering ukuhlanganisa phakathi kwemigomo endaweni yokucwaninga nasensimini, abasebenzi NCAT ukhetha ingxenye enkulu ingxube efektri usakhiwa test ngasinye indawo futhi kamuva asetshenziswa womshini nenye amasampula ukuhlolwa laboratory. Ngokwesibonelo, ingxube base ungqimba is phansi umthwalo ukukhathala test (izinti amasampula) kanye antiphase umthwalo. Ingxube ye-ungqimba phezulu lihlolwe ukucacisa wemfihlo ashukumisayo, flowability ukuhlolwa analyzer asphalt komgandayo futhi knurled isondo-iyunithi ukubala ukumelana ukusonteka unomphela. Inhlanganisela ye-ungqimba phezulu futhi ukuzwa test superposition ngoba ezinwabuzelayo ukusonteka futhi eqine amandla isilinganiso. Konke lokhu kuvumela ukuba sibone amakhono ingxube ngokuhlaziya.

Isifundo nemingcele kwesakhiwo

Ekhulwini lesine test umjikelezo NCAT kuhlanganisa izindawo zocwaningo eziphambili (abaxhasi baqhubeka uphenyo kuqaliwe), ezindaweni zocwaningo ezinengilazi zezakhi entsha, izifundo kwesakhiwo. Reconstruction and nokuvuselelwa amasayithi 17 kwaphothulwa ngo-August 2009, inkontileka aqokwe imiphumela emncintiswaneni. Phakathi kwalezi zindawo eziyisithupha ziye eyenzelwe ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo, eyayizonikezwa uMnyango wezokuThutha kwamazwe ayisithupha. Phakathi kwabo kukhona inkampani Kraton sigaba. Coatings zenziwa kwi izigaba ubuchwepheshe Superpave asphalt ashisayo Izingxube. Ungqimba ukushuba test kwesakhiwo ahluka 175 mm kuya ku-140 mm (Kraton Inkampani kwesigaba) ezigabeni of 225 mm (zazo ezingaphezu kuka-150 mm - we indaba base high density substrate eqinile nakho ngeke kusize). Lonke ibitume, esetshenziselwa ukuvuselelwa enamathela equkethwe 0.5% protivozadirochnoy okufakiwe.

I enamathela phezu ingxenye Kraton (N7) senziwa usebenzisa TOFMS, ukushuba we ungqimba - 140 mm. Isibopho yakhiwa 7.5% Ushintshe styrene-butadiene styrenic (SBS) polymer. Le ngxenye ukulawula has a ukushuba 175 mm, izingqimba ezimbili phezulu zenziwa nge 3% SBS-polymer.

ekuphathweni Federal ngomgwaqo kuqinisekisa izinzuzo polymer ukuguqulwa

Binders, polymers Ushintshe, ezifana copolymer ternary ka SBS, bathola ukwanda kokusetshenziswa enkulu ekwakhekeni esindayo (ulwazi ekuphathweni Federal ku motorways). Umbiko lobuchwepheshe September 2010. [2] Administration uphawula ukuthi isibopho elishintshiwe nokunwebeka ngaphezulu futhi izici ephakeme ukuqina (viscosity) ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi kanye high, okuyinto kakhulu ihlangabezana nemithetjhwana ezibekiweko yekhwalithi ephezulu asphalt binders ekilasini Superpave [3] . Lezi Ukucaciswa iboshelwa izimo zemvelo umgwaqo sento ethile. I polymer Ushintshe binders ngokuvamile libhekwa futhi asetshenziswa kulezo zimo lapho Inkomba PG (grade ashisa ongaphakeme + ibanga ashisa kakhulu) okukhulu kuka-90 (isib., PG 70-22).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbiko ubonisa izinzuzo usebenzisa polymers ka "Ukuba binders imbe eqolo okumsulwa asphalt Izingxube, polymer Ushintshe binders kumamiksi ashisayo ukunikeza ecacile ukwanda izici - rutting ongatheni, encishisiwe ukukhathala ngokuhlaziya, yehla ngokuhlaziya ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa, - ikakhulukazi endaweni imithwalo eliphezulu kanye izimo ezinzima zezulu. Kuye izindleko nokusebenza izici ezithile endaweni ethile (isb, izimo ezindawo), ukubaluleka ngokusekelwe Izingxube polymer-modified cementitious sokuphila kungaba aphansi ukwedlula izindleko Izingxube nge isibopho unmodified. "

Lo mbiko uthi futhi lokho okwenzeka okusebenzela ezinengilazi enjalo uthambekele kokuhle, nokuthi, njengoba ziba ngconywana, ngokuhambisana nokuthuthukisa ithekhnoloji.

Ukunqoba ukulinganiselwa eziphoqelelwe polymers futhi ebeka mncane asphalt zokuhamba

Inkampani Kraton Ukusebenza nokunye DGVC nobuchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa amandla enamathela futhi ukumelana layo ukuze rutting, imigodi futhi ngokuhlaziya kuyilapho ekwehliseni ukushuba we enamathela.

Ukuze siqhube izivivinyo emasimini kwalo mkhiqizo inkampani ukhiphe inkontileka yokwakha NCAT enamathela ungqimba ukushuba 140 mm endaweni N7 ucwaningo umjikelezo 2009-2012.

Okuqukethwe polymer SBS-modified (7.5%) asetshenziswa ekwakheni isibopho kuyizikhathi 1.5-2 lemali kokujwayelekile polymer esetshenziselwa nokulungiswa isibopho.

Uma inani polymer e isibopho ngenhla Kulelizinga, viscosity isibopho inyuka ukuze ingxube kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuba umkhiqizo futhi kakhulu nzima libekwe phezu into. Inkampani athuthukile Kraton SBS-polymer D0243, okungase exutshwe asphalt isibopho e inani 7.5% nangaphezulu, ngaphandle okwandisa viscosity isibopho.

Ukuthuthukiswa entsha polymer okungukuthi phambili umsebenzi Njengoba lwaqalwa ngo-2004 abacwaningi kanye nochwepheshe traffic ubunjiniyela lab at Delft University of Technology (Netherlands), enkulu kunazo zonke futhi endala isimo lobuchwepheshe inyuvesi. Inhloso esemqoka abacwaningi ukubeka lokhu okulandelayo: ukuthola ukuthi kungenzeka ukwandisa impilo yesevisi zezendlalelo base umgandayo usebenzisa SBS-modified kanye / noma ukunciphisa ukushuba umgandayo asphalt.

Izindlela zocwaningo - ukuhlolwa amasampuli asphalt yokukhathala nokuqina ngu eguqa amaphuzu amane, kuyinkimbinkimbi mechanical eqine test futhi kokucindezelwa. Thina ukuhlola izinhlobo ezahlukene polymer (SBS) kanye lokuhlala zalo ezihlukahlukene. Ukukhathala ukuhlolwa kwabonisa ukuthi ushintsho olukhulu kule izakhiwo -asphalt Izingxube ngaphezulu SBS-polymer edingekayo. Ngakho, into esigabeni yokugcina ukuhlolwa kwaqala nge binders SBS okuqukethwe 6% no-7.5%.

Complicated ukuhlolwa mechanical asphalt Izingxube yabonisa ngcono ukusebenza Izingxube, SBS Ushintshe kuqhathaniswa compounds unmodified. Imiphumela naye wabonisa ukuthi abanye umehluko wokusakazeka ekubhujisweni (zanqwabelana deformations engelapheki) ngoba ezinengilazi esekelwe Ushintshe futhi unmodified isibopho. Ngisho ohlabayo enamathela ungqimba (150 mm) ka SBS-modified umonakalo asphalt ezilotshwe umthamo incane izikhathi 4 kuka ungqimba 250 mm-asphalt unmodified. Unmodified, qinile luthi alufane wabonisa kaningi 4.5 ukusonteka engelapheki ezingaphezu kuka enamathela ezondile a asphalt ukushintshwa.

N7 Ukwakhiwa ingxenye, uma iqhathaniswa naso iziza control

I enamathela phezu ingxenye N7 test site zazakhiwa kusuka 3 zamatshe ingxube hot (Table 1). Okuzisholo base ungqimba (55 mm) kanye ungqimba maphakathi (55 mm) abangu bhila inhlanganisela yizinhlayiyana nge ububanzi 19 mm egwadle. I topsheet (30 mm) wenza ingxube egwadle (9.5 mm). Zonke izingqimba ezintathu ingxube ngesisekelo isibopho Ushintshe nge okuqukethwe 7,5% SBS. Ekwakhiweni ingxube, compaction, kanye neminye imingcele iyefana ukulawula ingxenye (umehluko kuphela e isibopho impahla kanye ungqimba ukushuba).

Lokunameka ukulawula S9 esifundeni has a ukushuba ingqikithi 175 mm kanti aqukethe izingqimba ezintathu - kumila 75 mm, ungqimba maphakathi 70 mm ungqimba phezulu 30 mm (Table 2). izingqimba Upper futhi phakathi zenziwa kule ngxube usebenzisa yokuhlanganisa Ushintshe nge 3% SBS. On the test nokulawula amasayithi ingxube lelungiselelwe-indlela Superpave [1] usebenzisa okufanayo impahla, kodwa endaweni N7 ikhava 18% ohlabayo kuka ukulawula icebo le S9, isibopho esetshenziswa - Hima esikhundleni PG 76-22 (olusetshenziswe ukulawula ngesakhiwo) . Bobabili amasayithi zakhiwa ngendwangu kanzima.

Umphumela: ngaphansi ukujula gauge

Ezokuthutha ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi indawo ngo-September 2011, lapho umthwalo 10 million. Cycles okulingana wagxila ibalwa wawenziwa. abasebenzi NCAT wayehlole ongqondongqondo bafunde futhi idatha kuqoqwe. Engqungqutheleni ngo-February 2012, ngaphezu nenye idatha banikezwe ulwazi mayelana uhlobo isilinganiso phezu isondo indlela ugingqe (gauge Ezemfundo):

- ingxenye ukulawula Deformation ukujiya S9 camera 175 mm kwaba 7.1 mm. On ingxenye N7 (Hima) camera ukujiya 144 mm kukhwelana ukujula kwaba 2.2 mm.

- Map Indawo ngokuhlaziya ngesikhathi N7 wembula kungekho ukwa umgwengwezi. Ukuhlaziywa amisiwe NCAT esekelwe langempela idatha umthwalo futhi izibalo okusekelwe izilinganiso, kanye ngokukhuthazela umkhawulo ukukhathala zezinhlobo njengoba cube, luveza ukuthi amandla ukukhathala kuba N7 enamathela ingxenye iye yathuthuka ngokuphawulekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, enamathela izici kungaba ungcono ngesakhiwo control, kuhlanganise isikhundla futhi esiphelweni yokukhathala imifantu kusukela phansi kuze.

Ukulungisa esigabeni ezilimele nenye esekelwe Hima

Amandla ukunciphisa ukushuba langaphandle asphalt, ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukusebenza high - omunye izinzuzo Hima isibopho, futhi kwatholakala engxenyeni eduze isayithi isivivinyo.

Uzungu iyona N8, okuyinto lixhaswe ngezimali yi-Umnyango wezokuthutha of Oklahoma, bekulimele ngesikhathi umjikelezo ucwaningo 2009-2012. Kwakungekhona ukulimala lokuqala, alotshwe isayithi.

Ekupheleni umjikelezo izifundo 2006-2009. endaweni Kwaphawulwa olubanzi ukukhathala kwemifantu. Ngezinye kwakhiwa N8 usonkontileka wabeka enamathela ukushuba 250 mm kuya ku-1.2 m eliphansi webs, okuyinto ayehlukile kuzo ukudla ngendlela elukhuni esigabeni control.

On ukwakhiwa Umnyango wezokuthutha of Oklahoma wabuza NCAT lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi leaf ethize Inhlabathi, inhlabathi izici ezifanayo Oklahoma, owaziwa ngokuba ongaphakeme eziveza umthamo wayo. I enamathela lachithwa futhi ingxenye ezilimele uye walungiswa: 125 mm anqamuka ungqimba phezulu, esikhundleni okuyinto wabekwa nenye ukwakheka efanayo. ungqimba kabusha futhi ziwile, lesi isikhathi 8 nje kwezinyanga ucwaningo umjikelezo 2009-2012. Kulesi izigaba zokuhlola 6 no-4 ngasese exhasiwe ngokuhlaziya landfill amasayithi aye atholakala.

Ngemva kabusha ukwa site abaphathi NCAT waphawula ukusebenza ezinhle endaweni engumakhelwane wokusebenza N7 nokusetshenziswa ezihlongozwayo indawo ukulungisa N8 ingxube based Hima isibopho, okwakuyoholela ukuhlola ukuziphatha yayo kusayithi obonakele.

Nokho, Abamele Umnyango wezokuthutha Oklahoma bavumelana ukusebenzisa ingxube kusayithi N7, ngoba base ungqimba, ingxube izinhlayiya nge ububanzi 9.5 mm (ukwakheka efana ukubunjwa ingxube ungqimba phezulu, kodwa nge mm 55 obukhulu). Ukuvuselelwa 145 mm sanqunywa ezinengilazi ezilimele, cishe 105 mm ezilimele base ungqimba wasala. Khona-ke 145 mm sabekwa ngesisekelo nenye entsha Hima.

Ngemva amaqabunga amaloli ezintsha futhi ngemoto kwesigaba kwalungisa we N8 ingxenye, futhi NCAT amadivayisi yabuye yaqala ukurekhoda idatha esizeni zokuhlola.

Ngo-September 2011, lapho umthwalo traffic 4 nowe zase zihleliwe ukujula N8 kwesigaba ukusonteka at 2.7 mm. Ngo ukuqhathanisa ngqo kuyabonakala ukuthi ngemva ithrekhi kokuqala abalulekile ukulungisa imifantu kwakhiwa emva 4 Mill. Cycles okulingana Axial umthwalo, kuyilapho emva isicelo ukulungisa Hima isibopho Ayikho imifantu, sakugcina gauge emva 5.7 Mill. Axial Ilingana umthwalo imijikelezo . UMnyango wezokuThutha uzoqhubeka Oklahoma uxhasa lokhu site ngesikhathi umjikelezo 2012-2014. ukuqapha izici zokusebenza luthi alufane.

isiphetho

Lolo thando ungalubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa eliphezulu yamangqamuzana isisindo Ushintshe polymer isibopho e ingxube asphalt kunciphisa ukushuba enamathela ngisho ngaphansi imithwalo kakhulu. Lokhu kuzobeka enikeziwe izici noma emadanisekako noma kunalabo imisindvo unmodified ibhalwe impahla efana futhi ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana efanayo.

enamathela yokulinga ingxube hot nge Hima polymer eminyakeni lengu-2 ngaphansi esindayo sezimoto imithwalo ngokuhambisana nemibandela ukuhlolwa, futhi phakathi nalesi sikhathi laligujwa esingaphansi 1/3 ye ezingeni nzima namandla kakhulu enamathela fixed kuhla kwesigaba control.

Hima I polymer nawo ayewusebenzisa ukwakhiwa enciphile ungqimba ukushuba ukulungisa ingxenye ezilimele umshayeli. Kwakunesidingo futhi kumakwe gauge kuka ngesakhiwo ukulawula ukujula ezincane.

Excellent nangemuva kokuhlolwa kanye neqiniso lokuthi ezindaweni wakhiwa kusetshenziswa Hima polymer, kube sesikhathini samanje awunasilinganiso imifantu, ke lisinika ithemba ubuchwepheshe obusha bayonidlula bendabuko, kuhlanganise,-aspect yokukhathala ufa esiphelweni kusukela phansi kuze.

Article: kakhulu Ushintshe asphalt isibopho kanye kwehle enamathela ugqinsi.

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