Izitshalo zamandla okushisa emnothweni wezwe

Emnothweni wanoma yiliphi izwe, isakhiwo esinamandla sibheka kakhulu. Amandla kagesi abalulekile kuzo zonke izici zokusebenza kombuso (kokubili emkhakheni wezimboni nasekhaya). Esinye sezixhumanisi ezisemqoka embonini yamandla kagesi kukhona izitshalo zamandla ezishisayo. Ake sicabangele le nkinga ngokuningiliziwe.

Izitshalo zamandla ashisayo - isethi yemishini eyenzelwe ukuguqula amakhemikhali, amandla okushisa kagesi emvelo abe ngogesi. Njengoba abathwali bezimoto basebenzisa amalahle, amafutha omnyama, igesi yemvelo, i-peat, shale. Loluhlobo lwesizukulwane kagesi lwaziwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, lapho izitshalo zokuqala zamandla ezishisayo zakhiwa eNew York (ngo-1882), ePetersburg (ngo-1883), eBerlin (ngo-1884). Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isizukulwane sogesi ku-TPP siseyona eyinhloko embonini yamandla, kuze kube yilolu suku lihlala njalo.

Izitshalo zamandla ezishisayo zihlukaniswe zibe izitshalo zokushisa nokushisa ezihlangene. Lesi sigaba singokwemvelo. Ukushisa amandla okushisa kwamandla kagesi kuveza uketshezi kagesi kuphela, kanti ukupholisa amanzi kusetshenziselwa kabusha bese kuguqulwa emagodini. Izinkampani ezinjalo zine- coefficient encane yokusebenza kahle (30% -40%). Ukwakhiwa kokunciphisa izitshalo zamandla ezishisayo kunengqondo eduze nezindawo zokukhipha amafutha, ngisho noma zisendaweni enkulu kumthengi.

Emzini, izitshalo zokushisa nezamandla zisetshenziswe ikakhulukazi, okungeziwe ngaphezu komsebenzi wabo oyinhloko wokwenza ugesi, zinikeze izakhamuzi ngamanzi ashisayo. Ochwepheshe baye bafakazela isikhathi eside ukuthi indlela enjalo yokulethwa kwe-coolant ayifanele, ngoba ihambisana nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamandla ashisayo, kodwa iningi lamadolobha ethu lisebenzisa izitshalo zamandla kagesi.

Njengamanje, izitshalo zamandla aseRussia ezishisayo zikhiqiza ugesi ophelele ngaphezu kuka-70% wezwe. Izitshalo ezinkulu zamandla ezimboni ezikhiqiza ngaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili kW u Urengoyskaya GRES, Berezovskaya GRES, Surgutskaya GRES, GRES ngesisekelo sebhasi laseKansk-Achinsk. Izitshalo zamandla okushisa eRussia zisebenzisa i-gesi yemvelo, amalahle namafutha kagesi emsebenzini wabo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-CHP kunezinzuzo zombili nezibi. Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo lwesitshalo samandla indawo yaso yamahhala. Namuhla, uphethiloli oludingekayo ungathunyelwa kunoma yisiphi isifunda. Izitshalo ze-CHP zikwazi ukunikeza ukushisa nokushisa, ngaphezu kwegesi, namanzi ashisayo, okubaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wemizi. Futhi, isizukulwane sikagesi asincike ezimweni zangaphandle zezulu.

Phakathi kokungaphumeleli ekusetshenzisweni kwezitshalo ze-CHP kukhona ukusebenza okuphansi komsebenzi, ukungcola kwemvelo, ukusebenza emithonjeni yemvelo, okugcinwe kuyo izindawo zokugcina.

Esikhathini samandla kagesi wezwe, ngaphandle kwezikhungo ezishisayo, izikhungo zamandla kagesi kanye nezamandla enyukliya zisetshenziswa, kodwa indima yesitshalo se-CHP ihlala inkulu. Eminyakeni yamuva, abaningi baqala ukusebenzisa amandla omoya nelanga.