Izinyathelo Anti-inflation eRussia

Ekusebenteni, ezomnotho nezinhlangano zezomnotho akuyona ngesilinganiso kuphela olunembile futhi olunzulu emali, kodwa futhi ukuhlola umthelela lesi simanga kweqiniso futhi ukuzivumelanisa nazo. Kule nqubo, okokuqala anencazelo ushintsho ekhethekile isakhi amanani nokunyakaza.

Imininingwane isimo

Lapho "olinganiselayo" izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali kwentengo umkhiqizo, ukulondoloza phakathi ubuhlobo odlule. Kulokhu, inani afanayo isimo ezimakethe yezimpahla kanye nabasebenzi. Lapho silinganisa amazinga okuphila sabantu akuyona encishisiwe, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukubaluleka ukonga ngaphambilini zanqwabelana kulahleka. Lapho okungu ngokungalingani ukuhanjiswa imali, kukhona izinguquko ezihlelekile ekukhiqizeni izimpahla namasevisi. Lokhu kungenxa ekushintshashintsheni intengo ukungalingani. Lenyuka ikakhulukazi ngokushesha izindleko izimpahla kwansuku funa inelastic. Lokhu, kuphakamisa izinga encishisiwe zokuphila futhi ngakhula kahle kutenhlalo.

Lokukhipha kusukela isikhundla

Imiphumela emibi ukungalingani isimo nge amanani kudingwa apharathasi ebusayo emazweni ahlukahlukene ukuba ukuqhuba nokudidiyela inqubomgomo. I abahlaziyi ozama ukuthola okuyinto engcono bazivumelanisa isimo samanje ukuthuthukisa uhlelo ukuqeda ke. Ngokwesibonelo, emazweni ahlukahlukene, lolu daba isixazululekile ehlukile. Esikhathini ukuhlaziya isimo kunakwe lahlukene izici ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, e-England nase-Melika ezingeni kahulumeni, kuphezulu kunikezwa ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo idilize. Esikhathini kwamanye amazwe umsebenzi Ukudalwa eziyinkimbinkimbi lithathelwe izinyathelo.

indlela Keynesian

Icubungula izinyathelo anti-inflation inqubomgomo kwezomnotho, kukhona ezimbili izindlela inkinga. Omunye wabo iyakhiwa nge Keynesians yesimanje, kanti eyesibili - abalandeli esikoleni neoclassical. Ngo indlela yokuqala, izinyathelo anti-inflation isimo ziyancipha ukuze elawula izintela kanye nezindleko. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi umthelela nakwentiwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, yebo, ukwenyuka okwesikhashana. Nokho, izilinganiso Anti-inflation walolu hlobo, futhi abe kunethonya elibi emsebenzini okhiqizwayo, yawanciphisa. Lokhu kungaholela yokujama tsi, futhi kwezinye izimo kule nhlekelele, kuhlanganise ukwanda izinga lokungasebenzi. Ukwanda funa esigabeni sokuntenga komnotho ezweni sihlalise nayo izuzwe kokuqhuba inqubomgomo yentela. Ukukhuthaza ekunqabeni kwakhe entela, wasungula uhlelo lasetulu kanye nezinye izindleko. Liqhuba lokuqala ongaphakeme asethwe kulabo abathola iholo eliphansi naphakathi. Kukholakala ukuthi indlela ukuze sandise umthengi ukufunwa amasevisi kanye nemikhiqizo. Nokho, njengoba umkhuba imibukiso, izinyathelo ezinjalo anti-inflation ungakwazi kuphela isimo sibe sibi isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo iqhinga lokusebenzisa ngendlela imali nezintela kakhulu kwanciphisa kusilela isabelomali.

ithiyori neoclassical

Ngokusho kwakhe, ukuze phambili ekulawulweni zezimali kanye credit. Kuyinto nezimo futhi ngokungaqondile kuthinte isimo. Kukholakala ukuthi anti-inflation izinyathelo zikahulumeni kufanele okuhloswe ngazo okulinganisela ukudingeka kwezinsiza. Amalungu imfundiso yokuziphendukela imbangela Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukugqugquzelwa ekukhula nekwenta imisebenti ukulondoloza eyayenziwe ngokufaka wehlise zemvelo Izinga labangasebenzi kuholela ekulahlekelweni ukulawula isimo. Lolu hlelo lucwaningo Central Bank namuhla. Ngokusemthethweni, akusiyo ngaphansi kolawulo uhulumeni. IBhange kunemtselela emakethe ngokusebenzisa izinguquko nokusakazwa imali futhi izinga inzalo emalini ebolekwe.

uhlelo uzivumelanisa nezimo

Njengengxenye emakethe umbuso yesimanje akunakwenzeka ukuba aqede zonke izici emali (esinakho, kwesabelo sezimali, ukungalingani emnothweni, okulindelwe osomabhizinisi kanye labantu, nokunye). Yingakho abaningi yezwe esikhundleni sokuzama ukuxazulula lesi simo nhlobo ukuzama lungadambisa isimo esibucayi, ukuvimbela ukunwetshwa yabo. Namuhla, kuwusizo kakhulu ukuhlanganisa yesikhathi esifushane neyezinto anti-inflation izinyathelo zikahulumeni eside. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

Uhlelo eside

Lokhu uhlelo anti-inflation izinyathelo zihlanganisa:

1. Ithonya buthakathaka iziphi izici zangaphandle. Kulokhu inkinga ukuze banciphise umthelela inflation phezu spillovers umnotho capital angaphandle. Bona azibonakalisa ifomu imalimboleko yesikhathi esifushane neyezinto ukubolekisa imali ukuze ukhokhele isikweletu ukungeneli kwesabelo sezimali wezwe.
2. Ukusungula imikhawulo okuqinile ukukhula yaminyaka yonke imali supply.
3. Ukunciphisa ukungeneli kwesabelo sezimali, njengoba izimali zawo ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi loans Central Bank kuholela ukwehla kwamandla emali. Lo msebenzi yaqaphela nokuncipha izindleko nokwenyuka izintela.
4. Ukubuyisela imali okulindele emphakathini, booster funa zamanje. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izinyathelo ezicacile inqubomgomo anti-inflation kufanele lwakhelwe limethembe izakhamuzi. abaholi bezwe kufanele abe nesandla kusize emsebenzini emakethe. Lokhu, ngiyoba nethonya elihle ku-umthengi kwengqondo. Kulokhu, izilinganiso anti-inflation kuhlanganisiwe ukuxegiswa amanani, inkanuko ukukhiqizwa, ukulwa monopolization nokunye.

Uhlelo yesikhathi esifushane

It kuhloswe Ukwehla zesikhashana kwamandla emali. Kulokhu, ukunwebeka edingekayo ukunikezela aggregate ngaphandle okwandisa funa Imininingwane ibangelwa nokuhlinzekwa izinzuzo ezithile kumabhizinisi wahlanganyela ukukhiqizwa by-imikhiqizo kanye nezinsizakalo ngaphezu ukukhiqizwa main. Ingxenye impahla kungenziwa ezizimele ngumbuso, ezizohlinzeka i ukumnika ezengeziwe kwesabelomali. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ikhambi lezinkinga ezifana nokuntuleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yesikhathi esifushane uhlelo isimo izinyathelo anti-inflation kunciphisa nesidingo ngokusebenzisa ukuqaliswa semali ukwabelana izinkampani ezintsha. Supply ukukhula kunomthelela ezidayiswayo ukungeniswa. ithonya ocacile ukunyuka kwezinga zenzalo yokuzigcina zenzalo. It kwandisa izinga lokonga.

izinyathelo Anti-inflation eRussia

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, Central Bank kanye Ministry of Finance olwenziwa Uhlelo isivikelo. Lalinama ruble ukuboleka futhi okwalandela ukwehla ezilandelanayo we dollar zezimali emakethe yasekhaya. Okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwabonisa ukuthi uhlelo ezinjalo anti-nokukhuphuka kwamanani ezimpahla izinyathelo ayikwazanga ukuqinisekisa ukusimama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuyingozi kakhulu kuleli zwe. Ukutshala imali ukukhiqizwa zangempela bekuyindlela abangenangqondo kakhulu ngaphandle. Nokho, imali esiye zinganakiwe ibhizinisi, thola omunye isiqondiso. Ngakho, kwaba khona ukwanda okuphawulekayo inani lesakhiwo, ukwanda yokuthengisa imiqulu nempahla ebizayo kanye nanoma iziphi ezinye izindleko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo inzuzo "hot" inhlokodolobha umemezela Central Bank ngokuphindaphindiwe, uye kakhulu ushintshe ugqozi zimali. Kwemali Foreign isibe inzuzo kakhulu ukuguqula ku ruble. Esaba izindawo ezikhulayo kakhulu ka wamabhange zezimali. Namuhla, kulo mkhakha kukhona iholo esiphezulu, okungasekelwe ephelezelwa ukugcwaliswa lokuhweba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lenyuka ukwencika amafemu zezimali ezivela emithonjeni yangaphandle. Umsebenzi we lwemali kazwelonke ngesikhathi esifanayo evaleleka kuphela nokugcinwa ukuhweba phakathi abangenisa kanye nokusebenza ezimakethe zamasheya. Ngenkathi ruble kwaba ukunikeza settlement ubudlelwano osonkontileka zasekhaya kanye namakhasimende. Lwemali kazwelonke, ngalokho-ke baba nhlobo ukufunwa emnothweni Russian futhi ukwehla kwamandla emali.

izinkomba ethembisa

Ngokuphumelelayo ukulwa nalesi simo wamanje, ochwepheshe abaningi ubone ukukhula komnotho. Lokhu indlela kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwemvelo, futhi ngenxa yalokho okunokwethenjelwa kumathuluzi wokuphatha. Lapho izimali ezengeziwe bayindlala emakethe yasekhaya, usomabhizinisi uyohlale ukuthola ithuba ukuthatha imali ebhange yezwe labo siqu noma phesheya. Kulokhu, isithekelisi ngeke ngokuzithandela ukuguqula inzuzo ibe uhlobo lwemali kazwelonke. Uma imali emnothweni kuyoba ngobuningi, azothunyelwa ku-zifakwe ebhange noma ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle. Umsebenzi we-isikhungo ekushayweni kufanele kube ukubamba zenzalo ezingeni unikezwa ukuvimbela ezinkulu amplitude ekushintshashintsheni sokuthuthuka kwezimakethe zokubolekiswa. Nokho, abahlaziyi bathi isimo eRussia kungenzeka uma Central Bank iyoba "ayemkweleta net" ngoba ngamabhange. Kulokhu, uyokwazi ukuba zilawule zamanani imigomo, hhayi ekutholakaleni emakethe. we kwemali Central Bank futhi kudingeka. Noma kunjalo, kufanele iqondiswe ukususwa zezimali yesikhashana ngokweqile. abolekise Net utawubese ukuqinisekisa inzuzo imisebenzi emakethe evulekile. Lokhu, sizonikeza ezidingekayo umphumela anti-inflation.

yengcebo izibopho

Bona eyayenziwe kufuthwe amazinga kanye nomthelela omubi izimali emkhakheni kwezomnotho kwangempela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukubolekisa isimo zidinga isithakazelo izinkokhelo zimali. Ngenxa yalokho, akha double crisis umphumela. Okokuqala, ukubolekisa kancane ukunikezela ukukhula, kwesibili - ukwanda ukudingeka kwezinsiza. izinsiza ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa lezimpahla bayokhululwa ukumisa uma usuqedile wokuboleka.

izintela

Ukuthuthukiswa ibhizinisi wasemakhishini kunzima kakhulu ukuphazamiseka ezingadingekile iziphathimandla emisebenzini yayo, ukubika kanye amasheke eziningi. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, yezinkinga ezinkulu kukhona uhlelo intela. abalobi eziningana uhlongoza zivimbele kusuka wonke amacala, ngaphandle kwalezo okuyinto bashukunyiswa kumisebenti yahulumende, kwamabhizinisi amancane. Nalesi sinqumo impumuzo isabelomali abalulekile ukulahlekelwa ngeke, kodwa ngeke kancane khansela isimiso non-emakethe ukuxhumana phakathi kukahulumeni kanye osomabhizinisi. Okunjalo izinyathelo anti-inflation kuzovumela ibhizinisi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo nabantu, okuyinto ubuyise imikhiqizo emashalofini futhi izakhamuzi ukuhlinzeka nge imisebenzi kanye namaholo. Lapho ibhizinisi intela ngiwaxoshe ithunzi. Lezi zinyathelo anti-inflation elizoba umfutho onamandla ukuze intuthuko kwimikhakha ukukhiqizwa.

ngaphezu kwalokho

Ngaphezu okungenhla, ochwepheshe basikisela ukusetshenziswa nezinye izinyathelo anti-inflation. Kumele kube ezifana ukuthola umphumela la akazange kudinga isikhathi eside. Phakathi kwabo, ikakhulukazi, abahlaziyi isiphakamiso ethula eduze ezimba imisebenzi ku amandla nokuthengiswa. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa eluhlaza izinto zokuphepha wezwe esikhathini eside, ubuyise fuel emakethe yasekhaya, ukwandisa mncintiswano. Lokhu kukusa kule amanani aphansi.

isiphetho

Namuhla, ukwenyuka ingenye inqubo eziyingozi kakhulu futhi kubuhlungu. It has nomthelela ongemuhle emkhakheni wezezimali kanye nezomnotho. Izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali - unya ikhono ukuthenga kwezimali hhayi kuphela. Ubhubhisa lesi izindlela wesi kwezomnotho, nullifies yonke imizamo eyenziwe inqubo ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo, kuholela izimakethe ukungalingani. Umhlobo ukubonakaliswa kwamandla emali kungase kube isimo esihlukile. Izinqubo ayikwazi kubhekwe kuphela ngenxa ngqo yezenzo ezithile uhulumeni. Izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali kubangelwa ukuhlanekezela ekujuleni isimiso sezomnotho. Kule kusobala ukuthi bonke flow yayo akuyona okungahleliwe, kodwa kunalokho eyaqinisa. Kulo mongo, ukuthuthukiswa anti-nokukhuphuka kwamanani ezimpahla izinyathelo abe namuhla umsebenzi oyinhloko uhulumeni. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, uhlelo ophumayo crisis zidinga amasu eside. Nokho, ziyisici ngempumelelo kuphela uma kubuyiselwe okulindele ngokushesha izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali emphakathini. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga, kufanele abe nesimiso esihleleke ukuqinisa izindlela emakethe nokwethenjwa iningi lezakhamuzi. Njengoba izinyathelo saziso ukunqanda ukuwa kwamandla emali, yebo, kufanele athathe isinyathelo ukunciphisa ukungeneli kwesabelo sezimali. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi zonke izinhlelo zizosebenza kuphela uma kuba ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthuthukisa nokukhuthaza nokukhulisa umkhakha wezokukhiqiza. Ukunciphisa ukufunwa imali bungatholakala ngokusebenzisa ukuqiniswa emakethe lezimpahla, ithuba ukutshala esitokisini, ezinengqondo azimele inhlangano. Ngenxa yalokho, izimo uzobe kwakhiwa izindawo zabo ukuze kugcinwe izinga ephansi okunokwenzeka emali. Ngeke nomthelela kwi indlela emakethe futhi aphazamise ukuthuthukiswa evamile yezwe.