Izimpesheni federal bakahulumeni: nemibandela aphoyintimenti, ukubala usayizi. izinhlobo impesheni

Ngokusho umthetho we Russian Federation, izigaba ethile yezakhamuzi, uma sicabangela ezibucayi isimo imisebenzi, anelungelo ukusekelwa ngokushesha umhlalaphansi, ngokuhambisana elisekela ekhethekile. Njengoba impesheni anikezwa ngabasebenzi likahulumeni? kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ezifakwe? Kanjani? Lezi kanye nezinye, kubaluleke ngokufanayo umphakathi, ezidingidwa yifayela e mathiriyeli lo sihloko.

Ubani wabhekisela abasebenzi likahulumeni?

Ngaphambi kokucabangela izici ezihlukahlukene udaba impesheni kuyafaneleka ukuchaza izigaba wafunda. Ngakho, impesheni kahulumeni bakahulumeni - hhayi ukuthi abanye, njengoba izinkokhelo ithunyelwa amalungu omphakathi ngenxa yokuphila kwabo isikhathi eside besebenza kuphela izikhundla ezihlobene service federal yomphakathi. Kubalulekile ukuze ungeze ukuthi ukubaluleka lolu hlobo impesheni kusekelwe isikhathi umsebenzi efanele emsebenzini womphakathi. Ngenye indlela, kulesi sigaba sibizwa ngokuthi umuzwa.

Ukuqokwa impesheni bakahulumeni federal senzeka lapho wonke amaqiniso kungenziwa kuhlobene nezinga izenzo ezintathu zomthetho. Phakathi kwabo kukhona imithetho elandelayo:

• FZ "On the Izikhungo Civil".
• FZ "On the umshwalense nemali yempesheni."
• UMthetho Federal "Ngo State Izimpesheni".

Ubani kungcono ubheke uhulumeni abasebenzi federal? Ngakho, ngaphansi bakahulumeni federal kumele izakhamuzi kubhekwe, ekufezeni imisebenzi ye orientation lochwepheshe phezu kwensika umphakathi yombuso kanye uthola umvuzo wemali lemali isabelomali sikahulumeni.

Yiziphi izimo ukunikeza impesheni ngabasebenzi likahulumeni? Udinga ukwazi ukuthi yini wonke umsebenzi emkhakheni womphakathi ubhekwa yasobala. Laba yibo ezifeza imisebenzi zokuphatha nokulawula imperiously. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impesheni ku-kahulumeni isimo bakahulumeni kanye nabasebenzi aqokwe emizimbeni esiphezulu kahle kwemandla embuso.

Imigomo impesheni

Ukuze uqale, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngokuphelele zonke izici izici isevisi federal zinqunywa izenzo zomthetho eziyisisekelo. Njengoba kushiwo, sikhuluma zoMthetho Federal "Ngo State Izimpesheni" futhi zoMthetho Federal "On the Civil Service of the Russian Federation." Yiziphi izici ezithile kubhekwa umhlalaphansi uya khona isigaba?

Ukuze uqale, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ikhono ukunikeza impesheni ubunjalo izakhamuzi avele kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, kuhlanganise ukuqala ukuguga, ukukhubazeka noma ukufa. Njengoba singabona, mibandela akuncikile intando isakhamuzi. Umhlalaphansi impesheni kuthiwa esabekwa federal abasebenzi bakahulumeni ebukhoneni lezi zinto ezilandelayo kanyekanye:

• Yazi isimo inkonzo federal, ngandlela-thile, kufanele kube esilingana noma mkhulu kunezinhliziyo iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu.
• Ukuxoshwa isisebenzi sikahulumeni kufanele kwenzeke ngezizathu ezithile.

Kungani-ke ungakwazi uchithe isisebenzi sikahulumeni? Izimpesheni bakahulumeni federal Bamiswa ngemva ukuxoshwa benikezwe izimo kuhambisana omunye yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Isifinyezo isimo bakahulumeni, noma ukuqedwa isimo iziphathimandla sikahulumeni.
• Ukukhishwa esikhundleni yomphakathi ngenxa ekunqanyulweni kwe amandla zomuntu siqu.
• Impumelelo bakahulumeni ngangokunokwenzeka umsebenzi professional engu (kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ubude sesevisi federal isimo isisebenzi civil kulingana eyishumi nambili).
• Ukulahlwa isisebenzi ngenxa yokugula, okuyinto, kunjalo, kuyinto isithiyo ukuqhubeka enkonzweni yakhe ehhovisi kukahulumeni.
• Ukulahlwa isisebenzi isimo bebodwa, isizathu ukuthi, njengoba umthetho, umhlalaphansi.

Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi izimpesheni federal ukuba bakahulumeni esimisiwe kuphela uma kuhlangabezana nemibandela elandelayo: umuntu kumele nangaphambi kokuba ngithathe umhlalaphansi ukuze isebenze kule noma ukuthi isikhundla, uhlobene inkonzo federal yomphakathi, hhayi esingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyishumi nambili. By endleleni, le mithetho azisebenzi wabeka-off ngenxa nokuqedwa igunya lomphakathi noma ukudiliza.

Imithetho yokuthi sifakwa izimpesheni in 2017

Kushiwo ngamuphi umqondo ukuthi ukubala impesheni ngabasebenzi likahulumeni e-2017? Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi Russian State Duma 11.05.2016 umthetho owaphasiswa ukufunda lwesithathu. Ngokuhambisana isiqephu esisha umthetho, yobudala umhlalaphansi bakahulumeni liye landa iminyaka 63 abesifazane engu-65 kwabesilisa.

Into ezithakazelisayo wukuthi nokuvusa impesheni yobudala kusukela isimo wenziwa kancane kancane. Ngakho, kusukela ngo-2017, kube kukhuphuke ngo izinyanga eziyisithupha minyaka yonke. Lokhu kuzoqhubeka kuze kube umphumela wokugcina. Kusolwa ukuthi ukusebenza esiphezulu zizokwenzeka 2026, futhi kusobala ukuthi abesifazane kuphela 2032. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impesheni ngabasebenzi likahulumeni iminyaka yesevisi kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva esiyiminyaka engamashumi amabili besebenza (ngaphambi strip nanhlanu wamiswa). Yiziphi izinzuzo wokubona Uhulumeni Russian ekukhuliseni impesheni yobudala? Phakathi kwabo kukhona izinto ezilandelayo:

• Ukulondolozwa kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe. Iqiniso liwukuthi namuhla ukuthola labo kunzima kakhulu ngenxa ukwehla yonyaka e isibalo sabantu enamandla.
• Ukonga okukhulu yimali.

Owabe Russian Ezezimali uNgqongqoshe, u-Alexei Kudrin, akushilo ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi emva lokhu kwakwenqatshelwe liyadingeka ilandelwe ukwanda yobudala ngokufaka uhlamvu umshwalense impesheni yokuguga abantu abavamile (okwamanje kuba 55 no-60 iminyaka). Nokho, kuze kube kungaziwa mayelana ezingeni ethile ukwanda kanye udaba nokulingana engu umhlalaphansi phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane.

Lezi zinkinga Kuxoxwa uhulumeni isikhathi eside. Ngakho, ukwamukelwa kwenkolelo-ze ezingenhla kulindeleke ukuba 2019, okungukuthi, ngemuva kokhetho lukamongameli kaMashi 2018.

Inani ngokuya impesheni

Izimpesheni bomphakathi federal namuhla esabekwa sihloko lweshumi nane isimiso Federal "Ngo ukuhlinzekwa isimo izimpesheni in Russia" sangomhla December 15, 2001. Ngakho, iqondiswa ezigabeni Article yezakhamuzi kusungulwa kahulumeni imvelo Umhlahlandlela ukwenziwa eminyakeni mayelana ubude inkonzo iminyaka engu-15, ingabe lokho kwakuyiqiniso yini ngo-2016. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, lokhu strip liye landa iminyaka engu-20 e-2017.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi impesheni kuxhomeke kulokho babe amaholo abasebenzi bakahulumeni sikahulumeni. Ngakho, ukubala kwezimpesheni wenziwa lemali amaphesenti angu-45 inkokhelo isilinganiso abasebenzi yase enyangeni edlule. Ngokuvamile, uma lokhu kwenzeka kokubanjwa kwanoma yomshuwalense efinyelela ngenxa yobudala noma ukukhubazeka, eyisisekelo (fixed) inkokhelo ukuze yomshuwalense (umsebenzi), impesheni, kanye ezinye izithuthukisi ukuthi basuke efakwe ngokuhambisana isimiso Federal "Ngo Umshwalense Izimpesheni". Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwanda wempesheni ngabasebenzi likahulumeni Kwenziwa ngayinye engu okwalandela yesevisi maqondana inkonzo ehhovisi yomphakathi engaphezu kwengu-nanhlanu ngamaphesenti amathathu.

Njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho ibalwa?

umthetho Federal "Ngo impesheni bakahulumeni" uthi obuphelele yesevisi somphakathi - hhayi ukuthi abanye, njengoba isikhathi ingqikithi izigaba umsebenzi. Phela, kuyasebenza lapha, kanye neminye imisebenzi, okuyinto, kunjalo, ziyabhekelelwa ekunqumeni ikhono impesheni bakahulumeni, kanye ekubalweni lemali yokukhokha impesheni.

Ngokwesibonelo, endabeni umklomelo we nenzuzo yomhlalaphansi ukuphila isikhathi eside eziningi eminyakeni nakho somphakathi isidingo zihlanganisa izinyathelo imisebenzi yokusebenza ku izikhundla umphakathi kanye nezinye izikhundla njengoba kuchaziwe nguMengameli Russia. Ngokwesibonelo, esicongweni ikilasi federal isimo isisebenzi sikahulumeni.

Uma ukuzimisela inzuzo Impesheni bunikezwa isimiso Federal "Ngo ilungiselelo isimo impesheni yezakhamuzi", idinga ezinye lomsebenzi isikhathi ethize kuso, ngandlela-thile, zihlanganisa izigaba zomsebenzi, kanye nezinye wusizo nezigaba ezithile emphakathini kanye nomphakathi wonke umsebenzi, okuyinto zibalwa e umlingisi umshwalense isipiliyoni. Lesi sakamuva luyadingeka impesheni ukuthi bunikezwa isimiso Federal "On the umshwalense nemali yempesheni."

Ukubalwa kwempesheni

Zonke izinhlobo kwezimpesheni afakwa oda ezifanele ezidlula Ukubalwa abasebenzi likahulumeni iminyaka yesevisi. Le nqubo esabekwa isimiso Federal "Ngo State Izimpesheni eRussia." Ngakho, ifomula elihambisana umlayo, kunqunywa kanje: R = (45% WS - PO) + 3% WS × Cm. Iqukethe nemingcele ezilandelayo:

• P - nemali ethile kokukhokhwa kwempesheni ukwenziwa inani leminyaka.
• NW - inkokhelo isilinganiso.
• SP - nemali ethile of umshuwalense mayelana nokuguga (ukukhubazeka), kanye inkokhelo esinqunyiwe impesheni.
• Art - isipiliyoni somsebenzi neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-nanhlanu.

Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi isamba sempesheni kanye umshwalense impesheni ngokuqondene ukuguga (ukukhubazeka), izinkokhelo eqondiswa nempesheni izithelo zawo ayikwazi ukudlula 75 wamaphesenti iholo ngenyanga e inani eliyisilinganiso maqondana ngayinye isisebenzi sikahulumeni. Leli lungiselelo ichazwa Article amabili nanye federal isenzo zomthetho ngaphansi inombolo 166. Ukuze sigcwaliswe: uma ethuthukisa iminyaka kwanele lokuqoka izinzuzo isimo impesheni, it is kubalwa okusekelwe komholo ngaphezu kwezinsuku zokugcina nambili izinyanga service.

Ngokwesibonelo ukubala

Ngokwesibonelo, isakhamuzi wahlanganyela emsebenzini akhuthalela federal umsebenzi izikhundla. Ngo-April 2015 yena uqokwa izinkokhelo umshwalense (izisebenzi) nempesheni ngokuqondene ukuqala zokuguga. Ubukhulu bayo - ruble 7197. Iminyaka eminingi yenkonzo ngesikhathi esifanayo ilingana engamashumi amabili nesithupha. Inkokhelo isilinganiso plan isakhamuzi maqondana amanani nyangazonke 16 706 ruble. Kuyadingeka ukucacisa ukubaluleka nezinzuzo isimo yempesheni yeminyaka engu-zokukhiqiza ezincike umsebenzi.

Ngakho, inani selekelelo isimo isimo abasebenzi federal kulingana amaphesenti angu-45 ngokwesilinganiso wenyanga esimweni ubude inkonzo esingekho ngaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liye landa ngamaphesenti angu ezintathu ekwenziweni unyaka ngamunye umsebenzi, okuyinto engcono kakhulu kunaleyo kudingekile, kodwa akukho amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-75. Ngakho:

• Isibalo iminyaka egcwele emsebenzini ngenhla kuyinsakavukela: CT = 26-15 = 11.
• komholo: NE = 16.706.
• Inani yokukhokha umshwalense (izisebenzi) nempesheni: DP = 7197.

Kuyadingeka ukuba abale impesheni umbuzo isimo isizukulwane zeminyaka isakhamuzi esithile echazwe eyandulela izahluko ifomula: P = (0,45 × 16706 - 7197) + 0,03 × 16706 × 11 = 5833.68. Ngakho, isisebenzi sikahulumeni enjalo aqokwe kokukhokhwa kwempesheni nyangazonke kusukela federal isabelomali uhulumeni ngenani 5833, ama-ruble angu-68.

Umbuzo yokunyuka kwemali yempesheni

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izigaba ethile yezakhamuzi kusukela isimo ithuba umklomelo we nempesheni maqondana ukuqala ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Laba abantu abahlala eNyakatho Ekude nezindawo akhiwa North, kanye nezakhamizi, kwenziwe umsebenzi ngaphambili ezindaweni emelelwa. Kuyadingeka ukwengeza ukuthi maqondana laba bantu ziyakuba ukwanda yokukhokha fixed yempesheni, ngaphezu kokukhonza impesheni umshwalense ngokuhambisana esungulwe izici lesifunda Russian Uhulumeni, kuye endaweni yokuhlala (ngesikhathi sonke ngokuphelele kwesikhathi sokuhlala kule ndawo).

Endabeni ka isakhamuzi ezindaweni ezilandelayo kokuhamba e ezahlukene ukubaluleka isimo indawo ukuhlinzeka umhlalaphansi uhlamvu ibalwa ngaphandle ezimali Coefficient.

Indexation kwezimpesheni

Izimpesheni ezifakwe bakahulumeni federal ezimweni ezikhethekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ekunikezelweni impesheni nguhulumende iminyaka yesevisi, ukuguqulwa ukubaluleka kwalo, futhi kwathatha komunye uhlobo impesheni kwenye zenziwa ngokuhambisana nesicelo yisakhamuzi. Lezi imisebenzi eyenziwa kuncike isikhathi ngemva okuvela kungenzeka ukuba afeze inqubo. Ukukhethwa kulokhu kuphela impesheni nezinzuzo zezenhlalo kusukela isimo ukukhubazeka. Ngakho, uma ngibala ubukhulu ukuxhaswa uHulumeni ngokuqondene nobude inkonzo kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Ukushintsha usayizi umsebenzi (umshwalense) sokuguga izinzuzo (ukukhubazeka).
• Ukwandisa isikhathi ubude yesevisi.
• Eyodwa amaholo okwandisa bakahulumeni yimali.

Kwezinye izimo, kukhona umkhiqizo ushintsho zenye kwenye isibonelelo ngokuhambisana impesheni isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impesheni izinkokhelo isimo nempilo ende ngokobungako amazinga eyodwa anda bakahulumeni ngezimali ngendlela ebekiwe nguHulumeni sikahulumeni.

Izinhlobo izimpesheni ilungelo ukuzithola

Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, namuhla lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Nguyena.
• Ukukhubazeka.
• Ukuguga.
• izimpesheni Komphakathi.

Ubani abanalo ilungelo lokuthola sicatshangelwe njengoba kulindelwe esigabeni sihloko impesheni? bakahulumeni kanye eminyakeni 15.5 ubudala (entsha 2017), okuyinto esabekwa usizo lukahulumeni yempesheni yeminyaka engu-service, ngesicelo sakhe futhi iminyaka yobudala ethize Unelungelo lokuthola ingxenye umshwalense (umsebenzi) nempesheni sokuguga, isungulwe kokukhokhwa kwempesheni ukwenziwa, isekelwe ohlelweni ingqikithi ngabanye impesheni imvelo okungu hhayi ngaphansi kuka 12 izinyanga wenziwa emva ekutholeni uxhaso mayelana nesigameko kwenaba zeminyaka.

Ekuqaleni kwashiwo ukuthi ngemuva kokusungulwa kwesenzo esisha somthetho, ngo-2017, isigaba seminyaka kufanele sibe iminyaka engu-60.5 ukuze abesifazane bathole izinkokhelo zempesheni zamadoda, kanti iminyaka engu-55.5 yabesifazane. Izinto ezilandelayo zifakwe kumsebenzi womshuwalense (umsebenzi):

• Izikhathi zomsebenzi womsebenzi, okushiwo kwisigatshana sesenzo sesishayamthetho seshumi nesishiyagalolunye "Ngempesheni yomshuwalense".
• Lokhu kuhlanganisa imisebenzi yomsebenzi ethathwa njengenqubo yokubala ubude benkonzo yokunikeza isibonelelo sokuthuthukiswa kweminyaka ngaphansi kweSigaba 19 soMthetho we-Federal Legislative Act ka-15.12.2001 "Kuhlinzekwa koMbuso wePensidenti eRussia Federation".
• Izitebhisi zemisebenzi yomsebenzi ezibhekwa ngokubheka isabelo somshuwalense (abasebenzi) ukuhlinzeka ngempesheni ngeminyaka, lapho ukukhokhelwa khona ubude benkonzo kusungulwa.

Inkinga yokubhaliswa kwempesheni

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi isakhamuzi saseRussia Federation ngaphandle kwesikhathi esithile sinelungelo lokufaka isicelo sokuqokwa (umklomelo) wezinzuzo zempesheni ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwamalungelo abo. Isicelo somklomelo weempesheni kumele sithunyelwe kwi-Multifunctional Center noma IsiKhwama sePensheni ye-Russian Federation. Kubalulekile ukufakazela ukuthi lo mbhalo ungathunyelwa ngokuzimela, kanye neposi noma ummeleli wezomthetho. Ngendlela, esimweni sokudlulisa isicelo ngeposi, usuku lokufaka isicelo sokukhokhela impesheni ngumhla wokuthunyelwa kwesitembu ngokuqondile endaweni yokuhamba. Isicelo sempesheni, ngenye indlela, sithunyelwa kumnyango wezabasebenzi endaweni yomsebenzi wesakhamuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usihlalo weBhodi yesiKhwama kulokhu kuyigama lomamukeli.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isikhathi sokucubungula izicelo zezinzuzo zempesheni akufanele sidlule izinsuku eziyishumi kusukela ngosuku lokuhanjiswa kwesicelo noma imibhalo elahlekile ethunyelwe eminyangweni kahulumeni engenhla ngemuva kokufaka.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukukhokha ngokuhambisana nokuphepha kwempesheni yombuso kusungulwa kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lwenyanga lapho isakhamuzi sisebenzise khona, kodwa, kungakabikho kunosuku lapho ilungelo lokuwuthola litholakala khona. Ukusungula inzuzo yokuthatha umhlalaphansi ekuzukulwaneni kweminyaka, kubalulekile ukuqoqa amadokhumende alandelayo:

• Ipasipoti (original kanye nekhophi).
• Usizo ngenani lemali engenayo yesisebenzi senhlalakahle inyanga.
• Usizo endaweni ethile isakhamuzi ehhovisi likahulumeni.
• Ulwazi mayelana nempesheni yezabasebenzi eyabelwe ukuguga (ukukhubazeka), lapho inani elithile likhonjiswa khona.
• Ikhophi yerekhodi lomsebenzi wesisebenzi sikahulumeni.
• Ikhophi ye-oda ngokuphathelene nokuxoshwa kwesisebenzi sikahulumeni wesifundazwe.
• Ikhophi ithikithi lempi.