Izikhathi ziyi ... Musical Diploma for Beginners

Igama elithi "isikhathi" lisetshenziselwa izincazelo eziningana. Emculweni, izikhathi ziyizinhlamvu eziqukethe imisindo emibili. Ibanga eliphakathi kwabo lingase lihluke. Kunezinkathi ezilula futhi ezihlanganisiwe, ezikhulisiwe futhi ezincishisiwe (izici, iziqu), eziqhamukayo nezingenangqondo, kanye ne-melodic ne-harmonic. Yilokho okuzoxoxwa kamuva.

Incazelo

Abacwaningi abaningi baqaphela ukuthi izikhathi zikhona izikhala ezithile, amabanga phakathi kokuthile noma ukuphumula. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, kungaba ibanga elithile phakathi kwamaqembu ezempi noma amabutho. Futhi leli gama libhekwa yisikhathi sesikhathi.

Emculweni, izikhathi ziyizinga lokuphakama kwemisindo emibili. Zingathathwa ngenye indlela. Izikhathi ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi i-melodic. Uma imisindo ithathwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, amagama abo ahambisana ne-harmonic.

Izikhathi zomculo

Njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, izikhathi ziyizinhlamvu eziqukethe imisindo emibili (amazinga amabili). Ibanga eliphakathi kwabo lingase lihluke. Kusuka kwesinye isinyathelo kuya kweshumi nanhlanu. Umsindo ophezulu we-interval ubizwa ngokuthi i-vertex, futhi ophansi ubizwa ngokuthi isisekelo. Kunezinhlobo ze-melodic ne-harmonic, eziqhamukayo nezingenangqondo, ezilula nezihlanganisiwe, ezikhulisiwe futhi ezincishisiwe (i-tritons, isici).

Isikhathi sinezinhlobo ezimbili: owokuqala ithoni, okwesibili kuyisiteji esisodwa. Inani lethoni likhomba ukuthi mangaki amathoni aphakathi kwesikhathi esithile. Ngakho, isibonelo, kusibonelo samathoni, ngezwi elilodwa lesibili - ithoni eyodwa, kumathoni amancane amathathu nesigamu nokunye okunye. Inani elihamba phambili lenza kucaciswe ukuthi zingaki izinyathelo lokhu noma lesi sigaba esikhukhulayo. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ezinyathelweni ezine-quart - ezine, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zihlanzekile, zikhulisiwe noma zinciphile. Okusho ukuthi, kukhona kakade kuthinta inani lethoni. Uma ikhefu ihlanzekile, kufanele ibe nezinyathelo ezine nama-2.5 amathoni. Uma ikota isancishisiwe, kunezinyathelo ezine, kodwa kuzobe sekukhona amathoni amabili. Ngakho-ke, enqeni elikhulisiwe kunenani elifanayo lezinyathelo, kodwa amathoni amathathu. Siphinde sikhulume ngokuphindaphindiwe nge tone kanye ne-semitone. Ake sihlale eminye imininingwane ngalezi zindinganiso.

Ithembo kanye ne-semitone

Ithembo ibanga phakathi kwemisindo emibili engumakhelwane, iqukethe ama-halftones amabili. Cabanga ngabo kuphela ngezihluthu ezimhlophe. Lezi zomsindo: pre - re, la - si, remi, sol - la, fa - usawoti. Othisha abaningi, echaza lesi sihloko kubantwana, bakhombise ukuthi uma kunezihluthulelo ezimbili ezimnyama phakathi kwezihluthulelo ezimbili ezimhlophe, yilokho ithoni, futhi uma ukhiye omnyama ulahlekile, khona-ke lokhu kuyisimitone.

Emculweni, i-semitone ibanga elincanyana phakathi kwemisindo emibili engumakhelwane. Lezi yizomsindo ezisele: i-si - do ne mi - pha.

Amathoni nama-semitones akhiwe hhayi kuphela ezifwini ezimhlophe, kodwa futhi ekusebenzisaneni namakhi omnyama. Ngakho, isibonelo, i-si-to-sharp ne-mi-faz-ebukhali kakade ithoni. Futhi lapha: uphinde uhlale uphethile, u-pre-flat, u-la-flat, u-usawoti obukhali, u-c-salu (nokunye njalo) yi-halftones.

Izikhathi ezilula

Akuyona ngaphezu kwe-octave eyodwa. Kunabantu abangu-8 kuphela. Lezi yizi:

• Okokuqala. Ihlanganisa isiteji esisodwa futhi iqukethe amathoni amahle.
• Isibili yisikhathi esinezinyathelo ezimbili. Kwenzeka okukhulu nokuncane. Ngethoni enkulu yesibili eyodwa, ngethoni encane - ihafu.
• Tertia. Ihlanganisa izinyathelo ezintathu. Njengesibili, incane futhi inkulu. Incane iqukethe amathoni ayingxenye nesigamu, futhi eyodwa enkulu - emibili.
• I-Quart. Kulesi sikhathi, amathoni amabili nengxenye nezinyathelo ezine. Kwenzeka kuphela ehlanzekile.
• Quint. Ihlanganisa izinyathelo ezinhlanu futhi iqukethe amathoni amathathu nesigamu. Njengengxenye yesine, ihlanzekile. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona amathoni amathathu ku-quartet nezinyathelo ezine, khona-ke lena ikota elikhulisiwe. Uma kukhona amathoni amaningi nezinyathelo ezinhlanu ku-quint, khona-ke lokhu kuyisihlanu esinciphile. Izikhathi ezinjalo nazo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-newts.
• I-Sextus inezinyathelo eziyisithupha. Isithupha esikhulu sinamathoni amane nesigamu. Amancane - amathoni amane.
• I-Septima ihlanganisa izinyathelo eziyisikhombisa. I-Septima encane inezingoma ezinhlanu. Omkhulu cishe cishe amahlanu nengxenye.
• I-octave iqukethe izinyathelo eziyisishiyagalombili. Kwenzeka kuphela ehlanzekile. Iqukethe amathoni ayisithupha.

Izikhathi eziphakathi

Isitifiketi somculo sabaqalayo siqukethe ulwazi hhayi kuphela ngezikhathi ezilula, kodwa futhi mayelana nokuhlanganiswa. Lezi zikhathi eziningana ezingaphezu kweyodwa.

• I-Nona - iqukethe izinyathelo eziyisishiyagalolunye. Kalula nje, kungowesibili ngokusebenzisa i-octave.
• I-Decima - iqukethe izinyathelo eziyishumi. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kungokwesithathu ngemva kwe-octave.
• Undezima - iqukethe izinyathelo eziyishumi nanye. Ukuze uyakhe, udinga ukukhuphuka kusuka kumsindo owunikeziwe kuya ku-quart ngokusebenzisa i-octave.
• I-Duodecim - ihlanganisa izinyathelo eziyishumi nambili. Lena eyesihlanu ngemuva kwe-octave.
• I-Terzdetsim - iqukethe izinyathelo eziyishumi nantathu. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuyisithupha kwe-octave eyodwa.
• I-Quartetzima - iqukethe izinyathelo eziyishumi nane. Ukwakha, udinga ukuphakama kusuka umsindo othize kuya kwesikhombisa ngokusebenzisa i-octave.
• I-Quintetzim - ihlanganisa izinyathelo eziyishumi nanhlanu. Lena i-octave kabili.

Ngemuva kwe-quintecyme, izikhathi azikho amagama.

Ukuguquka kwezikhathi

Yonke insimbi yomculo yabaqalayo iqukethe imininingwane hhayi ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela, kodwa futhi nangokwelashwa kwabo. Futhi lokhu, eqinisweni, kudlulisela isisekelo (umsindo ophansi) nge-octave eyodwa phezulu noma phezulu (umsindo ophezulu) nge-octave phansi. Kulesi simo, imisindo ephansi neyephezulu ishintsha izindawo.

I-prima ehlanzekile iphenduka i-octave ehlanzekile. Umzuzwana omncane uphenduka waba yesikhombisa esikhulu. Isibili esikhulu sibe yesikhombisa esincane.

Ingxenye yesithathu encane iba yisithupha esikhulu. Ikhulu lesithathu liphenduka libe yisithupha lesithupha. Ikhefu elihlanzekile liphenduka libe yisihlanu esihlanzekile (futhi ngokuphambene nalokho).

Okusho ukuthi inetha lishintsha elungile, elincane - elincane (futhi ngokuphambene nalokho), landa - linciphile (futhi ngokuphambene nalokho).

I-Consonance ne-dissonance

Ngomsindo walo, zonke izikhathi ze-harmonic zinezinhlobo ezimbili: i-consonant ne-dissonant.

I-Consonance iyinomsindo ozwakalayo neyendlebe. Ihlotshaniswa nesimo sokuthula, sibonakala ukungabi namathemba. Izikhathi ezihlangene zihlukaniswe ngokuthi:

• I-consonance ephelele kakhulu i-octave ehlanzekile ne-prima ehlanzekile.
• I-consonance ephelele - isihlanu nesine.
• I-consonance engaphelele - ingxenye encane yesithathu nesithupha, enkulu yesithathu nesithupha.

Ukudumala akuphikisana nokuqhathanisa. Ngendlebe, lokhu kuyisindo esibukhali, esingabonakali. Umsindo wokungahambisani nomculo usetshenziselwa ukudlulisa imizwa ehlukahlukene yabantu: ukukhathazeka, ukukhathazeka, injabulo. Ukuphika, njengale mizwa ejabulisayo, kudinga imvume ephoqelekile. Lokhu kungukuthi, bonke bazama ukuthola i-consonance. Phakathi kwezikhathi ezihlukumezayo kubalulekile ukuphawula: i-second and second second and septum, newts, izici ezihlukahlukene.

Izikhathi ze-Monotonicity

Umculo unekhono elimangalisayo - ukuba nesimo sethu sengqondo. Yonke into engabonakali kuyo. Ingqondo yomuntu kuyo yonke imisindo yemisindo ibona imizwelo nemizwa, umqondo ohlanganisiwe. Indwangu yomculo iboshwe emkhatsini wemikhawulo yezingqikithi emkhatsini wemisindo kanye nemisindvo. Abaningi bezwile ngemigomo enjengokuthi i-gamma, i- quint circle, ukushintshashintsha kwezimpawu nokunye. Nokho, akubona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi yiziphi izikhathi ze-monotony.

U-Marina Korsakova-Kerin (isazi sezinzwa ze-neuropsychologist) uqhube uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ukuze abone ukuphendula kwezilaleli kulokhu noma kumculo.

Okusemqoka kokuzama kokuqala kwakuwukuphenya ukusabela komuntu kumabanga ahlukene kuzo zonke izintambo ezihamba phambili kanye nama-frets. Kwesinye isilingo, ukuvumelanisa okukhulu kwakhethwa futhi ukulandelana okufishane nokuhlelekile kwabhalwa. I-monotony yayiyadingeka ukuba izilaleli zigxilise ngomqondo onemibono wemibandela endaweni ye-tonal. Ukuhlolwa kwesibili kusetshenziselwa izinketho ezilula zama-chords, kanye neziqephu zomculo we-classical noyothando.

Ngakho-ke, lesi sihloko sibhekwa ngokucophelela emfundweni ye-solfeggio. Izikhathi zinezincazelo eziningana. Lokhu: isikhathi sokuhamba, noma yikuphi ibanga, kanye nekhefu. Emculweni, isikhala ibanga eliphakathi kwemisindo emibili, okungafani kakhulu. Kunezinkathi ezilula futhi ezihlanganisiwe, ezikhulisiwe futhi ezincishisiwe (izici, iziqu), eziqhamukayo nezingenangqondo, kanye ne-melodic ne-harmonic. Izikhathi ezilula zingaphakathi kwe-octave eyodwa. Izikhathi zenkimbinkimbi zidlula ngaphezu kwe-octave. Izikhathi ezinomsoco zinomsindo omnandi. Umsindo odidekile kakhulu futhi udinga imvume.