Izikhangibavakashi Newfoundland esiqhingini: umlando, isimo sezulu

Igama esiqhingini Newfoundland e ukuhumusha kusuka English lisho "umhlaba entsha ayitholile." Itholakala eNyakatho Atlantic, ngasogwini olusempumalanga yeCanada. Strait emincane Belle Ile ehlukanisa ke kusukela emaphethelweni aseningizimu Peninsula Labrador, Newfoundland eMpumalanga ngo-Atlantic Ocean, eWest - Gulf of St Lawrence. okhokho Indian baqala ukuhlala ezindaweni ngisho ekhulwini mina, nabantu baseYurophu - iminyaka eyishumi ngemva kokutholakala Melika uColumbus. Kodwa bona noma abanye zehlulekile ukunqoba, futhi lesi siqhingi wawusanamathele yokuqala ukuvela zasendle yayo, enika abantu kuphela ingxenye encane ezindaweni zazo ezinkulu.

Eyokuqala baseYurophu

Kukhona ubufakazi obungokomlando obubonisa ukuthi isiqhingi Newfoundland Usuvakashele Norman amaViking ekhulwini XI. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi milando Icelandic kwaba ucingo lwakhe Wineland and Labrador Peninsula - Markland. Mhlawumbe temdzabu romance, kodwa endaweni abahlala esiqhingini Newfoundland, izinsalela Norman emaphandleni walondoloza, okuyinto mlando zendawo futhi ngaphansi kwesivikelo UNESCO njengoba komnikazi zokuqala zaseYurophu eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe.

Kakade ngalezo zinsuku endaweni kwakungasebenzeki ushiyiwe: lapha ahlala amadlozi zamaNdiya namakhaladi Eskimo, kubani amaViking, wasebenza singacabanganga kangako ngezinto eziye zatholakala womhlaba. Lokhu imfiva waqala kamuva.

Age of hambo enkulu

Bekungeke iphutha ukusho kanjalo esiqhingini Newfoundland and ugu lweNyakatho Labrador wavula umoya esinganqobeki of ilukuluku sokuzicabangela European. Engxenyeni ngekhulu xv Yafika neyesibili fashion ukuya India nge onamandla phakathi amandla lwamanje EU eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe. Okokuqala ngaya beyofuna Columbus owaziwa bese uzithela nezwekazi entsha - abaseSpain yazuza kuleli koloni acebile.

Found mayelana ezifana impumelelo engakaze ibonwe, Bristol abathengisi isinqumo ukuhlomisa ngohambo lwakhe siqu - Ngethemba ukufinyelela zwe elibusisekile, egcwele igolide futhi eziyigugu izinongo, namanje esiphuza eziningi imigomo. Njengoba kungekho ukuxhaswa okuvela embusweni, uHenry VII ka, ayitholakalanga ngaphezu isibusiso IsiZulu wenkosi, ibhizinisi ayikwazanga ukuziqhayisa a ububanzi ububanzi.

Ukutholakala Newfoundland

Ngo-May 1497 kusukela marina Bristol wasilahla umkhumbi elaliholwa i Umhloli wamazwe oyiNgisi Lokudabuka Italian UJohn Cabot (Dzhovanni Kaboto), okuyinto, ngokuvamile, futhi wathola esiqhingini Newfoundland ngoba baseYurophu. Lo mkhumbi wabizwa ngokuthi "Mathewu", futhi ibhodi kwakukhona abantu 18 kuphela iqembu - ngokusobala ku abagqugquzeli booty lingazange libale, futhi injongo bomkhankaso kwakumane kwesimo endaweni sezwe. Ngemva kokuchitha olwandle isikhathi esingaphezudlwana kwenyanga, Cabot lifika ngasogwini olusenyakatho lwalesi siqhingi saseNewfoundland ngoJuni 1497. Ukuhlehlela phansi futhi bememezela ke nempahla umqhele English, isihambi akagcinanga ezingasogwini, wathola izinhlanzi ocebile eGrand Banks, "bazulazula" azungeze lesi siqhingi inyanga yonke, yabuyela emuva, futhi kakade ngo-August 6 efika e-England.

Cabot baletha ukunakekelwa njengoba nje ekhuthaza: obuswacile, abandayo, lutho kodwa izinhlanzi. Mangisho ukuthi imibiko lezihambi langaleso sikhathi oyimfihlakalo imfihlakalo - akekho owayefuna nokwabelana ngolwazi, owesaba izingobe encintisana. Ngakho-ke, ubufakazi asele entulekayo kakhulu. Ngifinyelela Dzhon Kabot Labrador noma cha, hhayi indlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile.

izingxabano indawo

Kule ndaba, i-British outdid isiPutukezi: nhlonhlo lethiwa Hoeyo Fernandes Lavrador ( «lavradore» - ne zomninindawo isiPutukezi.). Ngo-1501, Newfoundland weza bakubo eholwa Gaspar Korterealem. Isikhumbuzo ukuba itilosi sisenjalo namanje kwenye indawo St John sika, isikhungo sokuqondisa wesifundazwe (ngo-1965, esifanekisweni wethulwa isiPutukezi, nostalgic for esidlule lwakhe olukhulu zasolwandle).

Kwaphela isikhathi eside ensimini ka esiqhingini Newfoundland sina akekho amangalelwe, ke lalihlala izizwe zabomdabu zamaNdiya namakhaladi Inuit, kanye ngokuvakashela isiPutukezi, isiFulentshi, Ireland futhi British. They hweba wendawo, ukushintshana befuna isikhumba sabo awusizo-beaver, imithini, nezinye izilwane noboya-ebizwa, wahlanganyela ukudoba nokuzingela.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVI eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye imikhomo ezingelwa futhi badoba French, futhi North-East babehilelekile ukuhweba British. Ukuba Ngowenkolo esiqhingini languidly baphikisana nalesi ahlukene aseYurophu.

Ifa umqhele British

Ngo 1701 inkosi Spanish wafa - owokugcina aseHapsburg lwamakhosi. EYurophu, kwagqashuka impi Succession iSpanishi, elase udonse iminyaka eside 13. Ngo 1713, ngaphansi kwemibandela ye Ukuthula Utrecht, Newfoundland waya UK.

Nokho, lokhu kwakungesona isiphelo: ngesikhathi iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Ayisikhombisa '(1756-1763), eFrance, eSpain, Britain futhi eqala ukulwa indawo nomunye, futhi 1762 at St John sika wathatha impi Anglo-isiFulentshi, okwakubekelwa iwine eBritish kuka ekugcineni ukuvikela amalungelo abo.

Izimangalo Canadian Confederation

Imizamo ukuyengela lesi siqhingi sphere yayo ithonya kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho uhlaziyo Canada, Newfoundland kodwa wathatha ngaphandle intshiseko kakhulu. Ngo-1869, isiphakamiso ukungena Canadian Confederation inqatshelwe esisobala. Uma, ngemiyalo yezikhulu eLondon, Peninsula Labrador ukuthi lebhalwe Newfoundland, Canada babekulungele ukusisiza ukuthuthukisa imali yensimbi yendawo, nokuthola futhi sinqatshiwe: nezakhamuzi zaseziqhingini babekholelwa kufanele ukuthi, nokuba abuke Confederation, nakanjani ulahlekelwe ubukhosi bazo. Nokho, okuyakuba khona, kuyoba.

Esikhathini 30s kokugqashuka inhlekelele yembulunga yonke, okwaholela ukuwa kwezomnotho esiqhingini Newfoundland. London wethula lesi "simiso sokuqondisa yangaphandle", umsebenzi okhethekile ukunquma isiphetho esiqhingini yadalwa. Ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II kokuthathwa kwesiqunto futhi bakwenze. Ngo-1948, ngokusho imiphumela inhlolovo, esiqhingini Newfoundland wayengomunye walaba izifundazwe Canada, okuyinto kuze kube yilolu suku.

Population nesimo sezulu

Kuze kube manje, labantu kule ndawo has abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-500. Njengoba sazi ukuthi endaweni engenabantu kulesi siqhingi imayelana ayizinkulungwane 111,39 sq. Km, inani labantu engaphezu kuka-nesizotha. Imizana ngokuyinhloko ogwini, njengoba isikhathi yokudoba eside kwaba iyindlela eyinhloko yokuthutha yokuziphilisa yezakhamuzi zendawo.

Cool manzi isikhathi eside yamemezela amalungelo esiqhingini Newfoundland, isimo sezulu kubhekwa "ezishaqisayo 'ngisho British.

Summer lokushisa Southeast ingeqi 15 ° C, kodwa budebuduze Atlantic kubangela Ubusika kuqhathaniswa omnene - kuyaqabukela lalingu--4 ° C. Ngo Northwest libukhali lokushisa imodi ehlobo no-25 ° C, futhi ebusika yesithwathwa zenzeka desyatigradusny.

Impumuzo zezitho ezihlukeneko saseNewfoundland ubuye ezahlukene. E-West, the ngesimo sendawo enezintaba, ugema wendawo Long Range Izintaba kuthathwa njengengxenye Appalachia (kanye uqhekeko isiqhingi sisuka nezwekazi nezakudala ngenxa abesabekayo inhlekelele Geological). Endaweni lapho esiqhingini Newfoundland, amanzi afudumele Gulf Stream ukuhlangabezana abandayo Labrador yamanje. Lokhu kuholela kwezulu abalulekile siqhingi (75-1500 mm). Ngenxa ukushayisana yamanzi futhi emoyeni notshwala of okushisa ahlukene cishe ingxenye yesithathu, amafu amhlophe Fluffy siqhingi saseNewfoundland. Photo ezingqubuzanayo ezaziyaluzisa inkungu, lapho ukubheka NGOPHAHLA St. Johns, okumangalisayo okusikhumbuza izigcawu kusukela "Mist" uStefanu King.

izakhamuzi zendawo

Kingovskie silo, ngenhlanhla, esiqhingini engatholakali. Kodwa ukuphila ngokugcwele ezihlala ezweni ayathuthuka ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifundazwe eCanada kuze kube manje, okungenani ehlaselwe kwezimboni. Iningi esiqhingini Newfoundland embozwe ehlathini sasendulo, izindawo ezinkulu waqala ukugcwala. Lapha elks, amabhere, Bobcats, raccoon, izimpungushe nezinye izilwane eziningi. Kuhlehliswe ngu amawa eziningi futhi coves enamadwala coast - ipharadesi izinyoni ezincelisayo zasolwandle.

ezokuvakasha

Ithuba ukuba udabule leli izindawo isetshenzwe ukuheha abalandeli abaningi eco-tourism. I National Park Gros Morne National Park, bathola inala amawa zasendle ugu, ubuhle ecacile amachibi entabeni futhi Rapids sesiyaluyalu emifuleni. Nge amabhange emaweni ungakwazi ukujabulela ukukhukhuleka zeqhwa ezifudukayo imikhomo okwesibhakabhaka.

Izivakashi yasendulo Viking isiphetho, emgwaqweni endala eNyakatho Melika (ukuvota Street), iminyuziyamu, zokudlela kanye izitolo ezidayisa izinto eziyizikhumbuzo zaleli dolobha.

Nakhu kufika abathandi ukudoba ezemidlalo: Amanzi zendawo namanje nichume izinhlanzi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ke ngenkuthalo kuvuna ngezinga ezimbonini cishe kusukela kwatholakala esiqhingini Newfoundland and Labrador. Isimo budedengu maqondana ingcebo yemvelo okucishe konakalisa ezweni.

"Ukudoba Gone"

Amabhange Grand - endaweni engajulile obuyizinkulungwane 282,5 sq M.. km, okuyinto namanje iyona "idiphozi" ezinonileyo izinhlanzi emhlabeni. Engalawuliwe ekubambeni eyathatha amakhulu eminyaka: ekhulwini XIX labantu abahlala esiqhingini Newfoundland liye lenyuka lisuka 19 kuya kwezingu-220 ngenxa izifiki, ngubani ngiphuphe ukwenza ukudoba kanye Whaling.

Zemvelo aseqalile ikhale alamu emuva ngawo-1970, kodwa izinyathelo nokhahlo Government of Canada uthethe kuphela ngo-1992 futhi yethulwa ukujanyiswa lokudoba. Kuleli qophelo, ukudoba izikebhe ezinezinjini zika cishe wonke amazwe aseYurophu ezingelwa ukucindezeleka cod. I umisa ishayé umnotho kanye nenhlalakahle labantu. Ngesikhashana nje siqhingi kuye kwashiya abantu abangaphezu kuka-60,000.

Kwadingeka funa ezinye izindlela abahola. Intensified izimayini nokusebenza: esiqhingini kukhona iron, ithusi ne-zinc-ore. Esikhathini sogu lolwandle uwoyela esikhiqiza uginindela Izigayo avuleka, ijubane ezinhle ethuthuka ezokuvakasha. Kusukela 2006, inani labantu zaqala ukuhluma futhi, okubonisa nokuvulwa umnotho wendawo.

Newfoundland - ngothando

Okokuqala ngesikhathi Ukhulumé Newfoundland efika engqondweni kuyinto esiqhingini nabo bonke ubuhle bayo, futhi inja enkulu nabanomusa ondlu ubhekwa kulolu gwadule. Kuphi zivela lapha, akwaziwa. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo ezingamaduna, zohlobo kwaba umphumela crossbreeding izinja nezinja amaNdiya Norman. Ngokusho kwenye - izilwane alethwe abaseYurophu kwakukhona idwala, abameleli okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi kubhekiselwa kuzo by abatshuzi ezimweni yodwa endaweni engenabantu kulesi siqhingi. Ngokusho yetinsita zendawo, black dog shaggy - umphumela ukuthandana phakathi inja futhi Otter. Yingakho Newfoundland omkhulu ukubhukuda, yehle, abe uvolo amanzi-oxosha, futhi edumile "umsila Otter."

Nokho, abanye ochwepheshe inja, baphikisa ngokuthi ekuqaleni bekumele kususwe amatshe amabili kulesi siqhingi. Eyokuqala - a izinja black enamandla, musa zehluke Newfoundland yesimanje. Bakhandwa usetshenziswe kuya ezinqoleni ezincane ezimbili ezinamasondo, futhi bakhonza njengamaphayona uhlobo imoto. Enye zohlobo, St John sika - edume "izinja amanzi", ngubani wahlamba amahora, engazi ukuhlupheka, wasiza abadobi ukudonsa amanetha futhi bear abazingeli yimpango kwabonayo. Kukholakala ukuthi lezi izinja okhokho Retrievers lanamuhla ethandwa.

Ngandlela-thile, kodwa isipho esintwini esiqhingini Newfoundland kuyigugu ngaphezu kwezimpahla amadayimane yaseNingizimu Afrika noma Klondike igolide. Kungenzeka yini ukuba uqhathanise itshe soulless noma insimbi ephethe bejabule futhi ihlanganise umngane wami, ngubani ine kweminyaka eminingi ukhonza ngokwethembeka indoda?