Sam Harris - usosayensi, isazi sefilosofi umbhali ongakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona

Popularize imibono yabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, Sam Harris, phakathi kwezinye izinto, emsebenzini wakhe ebuza ukuhlukana neSonto noMbuso izithakazelo. Kungenteka yini? Ukuba iziqu ifilosofi emkhakheni yezinzwa, wagxeka inkolo ngokombono zokungabaza ngokwesayensi. Ukudalula okushiwo kuyiqiniso, ubiza inkululeko engokwenkolo, ebonisa isidingo nokutholakala ukugxekwa esesidlangalaleni nezimfundiso zesonto.

Ngubani Sam Harris?

Ngokuzimisela yena yazibiza incwadi ethi "The End of Faith, 'olwaqala ukubhala ngemva kokuhlasela ukwesaba e-US ngo-2001. Ukuze lo msebenzi, ngo-2005, wathola indondo etemibhalo. Le ncwadi yayibhalwe phambili ukalwe amasonto angaphezu kuka-30. Wathola iziqu zakhe kusukela eyunivesithi ephakemeko. Omunye tinkhombandlela mqondo kwaba ezindaweni cwaningo we- cortex cerebral ngosizo resonance magnetic izikhathi okubucayi womuntu izinqumo. Sasifunda ithonya izici ekunqumeni imicabango yabantu nezisusa sokuthatha isinyathelo ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nalawo ahlobene okholweni kanti ukungezwakali kwawo.

Njengoba umlobi imisebenzi ebhaliwe kanye lesibonwa kumafilosofi nenkolo, ukukhuluma ngokuqinile kuzo isidingo ubuyekeze izindlela ekuziphatheni, ukholo, amanga theory, inkululeko yokukhuluma kanye umcabango, radicalism Islamic nokwesizwe kanye nobuphekula. Sam Harris iyona co-umsunguli "Project Isizathu." Yena izifundo emanyuvesi ehlonishwayo. Kubonakala kumaphrojekthi ithelevishini documentary, ngenkuthalo acoce ne abaholi benkolo aziwayo, ephendula ukugxekwa izincwadi zabo.

izinkolelo

Yena okholwa ukuthi ngeke sisakwazi ulibale, futhi kuba isikhathi ukuvula, khulula wabonisana isiqalo sixoxa ngenkolo, ukuthi akusona isithiyo sokuthuthukiswa inqubekela-phambili yesayensi. Harris ekhula ngaphandle laphoqeleka ukuba akholelwe kuNkulunkulu. Akenzi ukufihla iqiniso lokuthi, njengoba umfundi, kwadingeka isipiliyoni umthelela psyche izidakamizwa zabo. Sam Harris uthi ukusebenzisa i-ecstasy wakwazi ukuzizwa "Ukukhanyiselwa".

Ngo ekolishi, wafundiswa karate. Mina ngakwesokunxele ngemva zaseyunivesithi kuqala India ukuze ujoyine umkhuba ezingokomoya of ukuzindla. Wazama ngaphansi kokuqondisa Buddhist kanye wamaHindu abafundisi amasu ahlukahlukene. Yena okholwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba uthole "ingqondo ukukhanyiselwa" futhi ngaphandle izidakamizwa kwezidakamizwa, futhi wazama ukufezekisa lokhu ngokuyisebenzisa kuye ngokwakhe. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-11, wabuyela University, wathola iziqu futhi waba usosayensi sefilosofi nge zobudokotela.

biography

Sam Harris manje engu-49 ubudala. Wazalwa ngo-Los Angeles ngo-Ephreli 1967. Yakhula emkhayeni Berkeley noSusan Harris. Uyise - umlingisi nonina - umkhiqizi futhi umdali ochungechungeni TV (comedy). I ekolishi khona kabi wahlanganyela karate ngisho umeluleki eqenjini. Wabhalisa Stanford University futhi ngathola iziqu nge break ezifundweni zabo iminyaka engu-11. Bachelor of Philosophy in 2000.

Sam Harris ukhuluma ngempilo yakhe yangasese? Izincwadi kanye biography emva ophumayo yabo ezihambelana eduze. Khuluma mayelana amagugu umndeni sefilosofi ongakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona ukungathandwa, omema zokuvikela enkathini ukungabekezelelani. Ubukela phansi e zabo ubuhlobo emsebenzini zezinkolelo zenkolo nobuphekula, ugijimela ingozi yokuba yisisulu abashisekeli futhi bamelele buhlungu yabathandekayo babo. Ushadile kusukela ngo-2004. Umkakhe, annaka, umhleli izincwadi co-umsunguli "Project Ingqondo", eyasungulwa yokwanda ulwazi mayelana umphakathi ngenhloso enhle. Lo mbhangqwana, ishade namadodakazi amabili.

Sam Harris: Izincwadi

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ayingqalasizinda kwaba DEBUT yakhe. Ukubhale phansi kwaphoqa kwezenzakalo ezibuhlungu zangalolo 2001 e-United States. Yini incwadi "Ukuphela Kwezinto Okholweni Lwenu Olungcwelengcwele '?

Sam Harris kulo ezama ukuhlaziya "impi" inkolo nge okuqhubekayo ingqondo lokushintsha emphakathini wanamuhla. Njengoba i-agumenti kuholela ukufana zomlando, ukugxila izenzakalo olokuthatheka futhi engenamkhawulo kwaholela okubi futhi inhlekelele. Vula amakholi umphakathi ukunqabela iSonto kungenzeka kokungenela asebenzayo futhi zonke izinkolo ezihleliwe ezindabeni States kanye nezwe ezombangazwe.

Ngemva baxgeki abaningi baye bazama ekucabangayo yakhe kanye nokuvikela imibono ku "Incwadi Isizwe Christian" (2006). Ngemva kweminyaka emine ukuphikisana nenkhulumomphikiswano ukushicilelwa "landscape zokuziphatha" yakhe (2010). Kulesi umsebenzi umbhali uzama ukudlulisela isithembiso ukuthi isayensi kuphela ungakwazi ukuchaza ezilukhuni elilodwa lezimiso zokuziphatha umthelela wabo inhlalakahle ngabanye kanye nomphakathi wonkana.

Esikhathini iphepha esilandelayo, ama-eseyi amafishane, eyakhishwa ngo-2011, "Amanga" ( "falsity"), Harris ukhuluma obala umsuka imvelo yokungafaneleki. Ngo-2012 wanyathelisa enye obubhalwe esifushane mayelana "yokuzikhethela." Evala okwamanje uhlu copyright izinhlelo inhlukano-mqondisi ( "Awakening", 2014) ukuze kulondolozwe ingokomoya ngaphandle inkolo.

ukugxekwa

Ngokuphindaphindiwe bavikela imibono yabo nethemba, okuchitha emangalelwa nokungabekezelelani inzondo. Sam Harris walahlwa ngoba eye bazama ukuthethelela ukusetshenziswa sokuhlushwa (wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo) ezimweni ezikhethekile kanye njengenhlangano okuhlukile ngokuqondene nalo mthetho. abaphikisi bakhe unganelisekile isifiso kumbhali ukuhambisa nokuchaza izinkinga yesayensi ye zokuziphatha ifomu lula.

Harris eliphikisa umbono mayelana Psychology Islamists ezinkulu futhi amaphekula uzofa ukholo, futhi kubangela ukudideka futhi kwakuza igagasi wokunganeliseki. Criticised sencazelo "abashisekela inkolo." Ukuze isikhundla esebenzayo it is wabhekisela "Bulletin of the Apocalypse." Abaningi futhi baphikisa ngokuthi umsebenzi wakhe ulwazi olusha, futhi ukhulume amaqiniso angokomlando umane asizwa entsha kanye nombhali umbono osontekile okushiwo izenzakalo yizwe elingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu.

ukweseka

Izincwadi zakhe ezidumile, ukulalela izinkulumo abuthele nezindlu ezigcwele, impikiswano yokuvuma izinhlelo zethelevishini ukukhulisa izilinganiso, lapho Sam Harris samanje. "Amanga," indaba yakhe kancane yanyatheliswa njengoba incwadi ehlukile. Sekela, futhi abangane bakhe. baxgeki Ngisho ukuthola imibhalo yakhe okunengqondo.

Kunzima aphikisane esobala inkinga sobala sokholo, okwaphela amakhulu eminyaka bezama ashalazele futhi okuyinto antante phezulu Sem Harris. Ezinkondlweni zakhe, uyakhohlwa umbuzo ngqó nempendulo obiza labo kufanele ukuthi yokubonga uNkulunkulu enhle izinto zansuku zonke. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho izingane ezingenacala ababezalelwe omunye ukholo, umphakathi nabanye kanye nemagugu izinhloso, ihlupheke futhi ife nomunyu esabekayo.