Kerch Strait: ububanzi (isithombe)

Amanzi Kerch Strait esigubuzele esiqhingini eTuzla, ohlanganisa uLwandle Azov futhi oLwandle Olumnyama. Ogwini olusentshonalanga, bageza le Kerch enhlonhlweni, futhi kusukela empumalanga - ogwini yeNhlonhlo Taman. Imbobo main ubhekwa Kerch.

amagama zomlando

Nge Ukuhamba ubudala Kerch Strait whose banzi kuyahlukahluka kanye ubude balo lonke, ukushintsha igama. Endulo abantu kuxazululwe phezu amazwe enyakatho-mpumalanga Black Sea, ambiza ngokuthi Bosporus (Bosphorus) Cimmerian.

Esikhathini esizayo, amagama ababusi emikhawulweni nhlonhlo esasinikeza ngendlela kwaba elula kubo. AbaseTurkey, isinqumo lapha Ephakathi, wabizwa ngokuthi Taman Bogas. Kanye nokufika kwalolo Russian sushi ucezu nje igama. Kukhona izinkomba Tauride, Yenikalsky, Kerch-Yenikalsky futhi ekugcineni Kerch Strait.

kwesigubhu Ubukhulu

Kuyini ububanzi Kerch Strait? Kuyini ubude balo ezijulile ke kanjani? Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi, okokuqala kunakho konke, zokuma kwendawo nezazi amatilosi. Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi amanzi awo welulela ubude by 42 amakhilomitha. Ububanzi Ibanga ububanzi 4-15 amakhilomitha.

Strait ukujula esiphezulu attained endaweni mfula. Ukuze phansi kukhona mayelana 18 amamitha. In the 70s kwekhulu elidlule kukhicite ushona we fairway ngu umshini Dredging. Nokho, ukwehla inzika awavunyelwe nangemikhumbi eminingi ejulile umdwebo sebehamba ngokukhululeka besuka ezweni ngokusebenzisa strait. Emikhunjini, amatheku elandelayo Azov, ukukhiqiza sindisa.

I Yenikale phansi Kutholwe at 12-14 izinyawo. Eduze Ak-full amanzi ikholomu ifinyelela 18-23 izinyawo. Emkhakheni Kamysh-Burun ukujula zokhahlamba kusuka 22-24 izinyawo. Ngo Chongeleka indawo, e kakhulu phakathi kwalo ukufinyelela phansi, kubalulekile ukuba wehlele ezweni ka 42-45 izinyawo ejulile.

Isiqondiso nokuxhumana nomuntu Danagiyu Takil, ikholomu yamanzi 58-60 izinyawo has Kerchensky Strait. Ukujula nobubanzi kwesigubhu kuzoni ngamunye ziyehluka. Ubani owukuphela engajulile umugqa Yenikale, wamba isikhamo obuphelele isiteshi amakhilomitha ayisithupha. Ikholomu amanzi kuleli dolobha - 18 izinyawo.

Isimo sezulu

Kungakhathaliseki lapho ububanzi Kerch Strait has, isimo sezulu izimo bonke ubude bayo okufanayo. Amanzi kulo uqale ukuxoxa e ekupheleni May, izinga lokushisa phezu thermometer sifinyelela phezulu uphawu 24-25 ° C yiqhwa. Uma izinkinga zibonakala kuthinte, entwasahlobo isifinyelele abafika kwabangu-10 metres, futhi ngesikhathi ehlobo kukhona ukwehla okukhulu kuye ukuba ezintathu bese ngamamitha amabili.

Ebusika, amanzi elisogwini kancane embozwe iqhwa nesithwathwa. I strait eside ufana ensimini eneqhwa, ubuswa imimoya enamandla ukufinyelela 15 m / s, saphinde ice nohhafu imitha wave. Ngo esindayo sezulu navigation (etholakala cishe unyaka wonke) elilenga phezu ichibi.

Ngokuvamile, ukugeleza iqondiswa kusukela eLwandle Azov kuya oLwandle Olumnyama. Nokho, ezimweni ngazinye, isibonelo, ukuvela eqinile eningizimu imimoya, akwazi ukushintsha amanzi agelezayo. Ogwini uwela imvula olungaphelele kuphela. Putin ezibangelwa ekupheleni ekwindla, eqhubeka izinyanga eziningana.

Waterfront Izici

Kerch Strait ububanzi okuyinto ngenxa akhombisa ogwini lufrenyiwe ngu ongaphakeme isihlabathi nemishayo, efanelekayo ukuze zisetshenziselwe ezokuvakasha. Coast kwakhiwa Kerch nhlonhlo kuyinto egqumeni, futhi izindawo emaweni rocky. emagqumeni nasezindaweni ezinamadwala ahlule emabhishi lapha hang phezu kwamanzi. Kumiswa ugu is yi Peninsula Taman, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uphansi.

Ngenxa ukusweleka imvula ogwini Strait ihlanganisa izimila kwaphela. Ugu sinikezwe umugqa tortuous kakhulu. Lifinyelela ku eziningi poluostrovkov amancane kanye coves. Nge ugu welule emanzini side namathe anesihlabathi.

imikhakha yezomnotho

Development of yokudoba nokuthunyelwa - ngesisekelo umnotho kwesifunda wendawo. Minerals kulesi sifunda ocebile. Cape Iron Uphondo, welulele kanye oluseningizimu ye-Taman, kuphela uqhosha yensimbi nsimbi. Khona-ke wathola indawo eyingqayizivele lapho kukhululwa nsimbi ngqo kwi komhlaba. I-ore is ahlanganiswe ngensimbi kuzo ukuze 33%. Industrial isizinda insimbi-1930 kule ndawo kwenziwa. Labantu eyingoduso nje lokuqoqa amapuleti, chips kusukela izingqimba insimbi ukuqongelela emanzini angajulile.

isikebhe

Pond nge endulo kwakubhekwa njengesenzo zokuthutha umphakathi ihabhu ezikhangayo. Ngenxa yokuvelela ezindawo ka the edolobheni, isibambo Intermedia ezilwandle, zezizwe ezihlukahlukene lasendulo imikhawulo amaphrojekthi nabafuna izikhundla. bamakoloni ngesiGreki eyakhelwe lapha edolobheni Panticapaeum - inhloko-dolobha Bosporan Kingdom.

Antique Panticapaeum kwezokuthutha Umthambo yayo enkulu endala futhi NgeNkathi Ephakathi - Kasilika eya - awuzange esizosinda, futhi manje ensimini ka ayezoba, welula hero-emzini Kerch. Eyokuqala njalo cross-ukweqa kwesigubhu kuhlelwe kwenkathi Panticapaeum.

Settlement Porfmy avunyelwe ukuwela Strait kwezimpahla nabantu. Watershed wakunqoba ukugwedla ngomkhumbi izitsha. Ekukhetheni indawo edolobheni, kwakungekho lutho ngengozi. Ukuhlola lokho ububanzi Kerch Strait endaweni ethile, amaGreki wakwazi ukuthola indawo encane kwesigubhu, lapho kamuva esakhiwe Porfmy.

Kulezi zinsuku seziziningi Kerch Strait whose banzi endaweni mayelana 5 amakhilomitha, ifakwe port "eCrimea". Ngenxa isikebhe ephethwe ukusungula kungenzeka okuthunyelwe unomphela harbor port "Kavkaz". isiphetho sidilizwa Porfmy usebenze njengomahluleli-prototype ye-lasendulo yomlando prototype Kerch isikebhe.

Ukuwela neminyaka yempi

imizamo emikhulu ukuze uxhumanise emikhawulweni Kuban kanye eCrimea enziwa 40s kwekhulu elidlule ezempi. umyalo German matasa Kerch, ukubaluleka amasu lalowo muzi kwathiwa kwaziswa kakhulu. AmaJalimane wayazi ukuthi ububanzi Kerch Strait, kodwa akazange okwesabisa, futhi anemisila eyayiwuphawu Lezikebhe, kakhulu unciphise eya ezifundeni Caucasian uwoyela ezinembewu. Abakuhlakulelayo iphrojekthi ukubandakanya, ngenkuthalo ukuqeqesha ukwakha ibhuloho. • Ukusebenza kohlelo ukubavimba ezibucayi isimo wezempi eduze Kerch. amasosha aseSoviet ngubani yakhululwa edolobheni, ukuzama ukuxazulula okufanayo acute ukuma udaba: the supply kwezimpahla lempi evela ogwini eCaucasus ethekwini YaseCrimea.

Front line owawuse eduze kwesigubhu, ngakho ngokujulile shelled ibutho undlovukayiphikiswa. Lokhu kuvikela wiring laden ulwandle ezokuthutha. Njengoba kwakungenakwenzeka ukwakha ibhuloho egcwele, eyakhelwe imoto ikhebula, okwenza bakwazi ukuthumela ngomkhumbi phezu strait ku umthwalo emotweni. It ngomkhumbi nsukuzonke amathani angaba ngu-300 kuzo zonke izinhlobo imikhiqizo. Futhi kuphela uma izwe YaseCrimea yakhululwa ngokuphelele, yaqala ukwakhiwa esiyingqayizivele ujantshi ibhuloho ngezinto ethumba enqamula Kerch Strait. Ububanzi kwebhuloho ukusiza ukuhamba mahhala ujantshi ezokuthutha.

Ngezinyawo, kwawona ledolomami, yathatha kancane kakhulu. Ukwakha, akakwazanga ukumelana yokucindezela ice giant ngiyaquleka. Engaged ekubuyiselweni kwalo akazange, iqedwe kuphela emanxiweni into osendaweni ezibalulekile ekuvimbela yokuzula.

Ukuwela ku Iminyaka yangemva kwempi

Ngo-1950, kwakhiwa idamu isikebhe waqala. Ukwakhiwa, ezathoma ukusebenza ngo-1954, usebenza namuhla. It atholwe isimo ulayini ngamazwe lapho ukuwela abagibeli, izimoto kanye nezitimela. A ububanzi enkulu Kerch Strait (isithombe okwethulwa kulesi sihloko) uyekile kube isithiyo esingenakunqotshwa.

Okokuqala bamhlohla 2 isikebhe, ukuthatha Egibela zesitimela emgqeni. Khona-ke imikhumbi umbhangqwana zabanye zahlanganyela nabo (vagonopriemnikov design ziye enwetshiwe), ethutha izitimela umgibeli. Izimoto setha ezindaweni mahhala inhlangano isitimela, umusi noma ezithunyelwa ngokugcwele, ngaphandle ngokubeka izinqola. Knurling isikebhe izinqola kusetshenziswa amakhanda amabili.

Ngo-1970, owela kwaba ifakwe ezimbili motor isikebhe icebreakers. Nge ukubukeka kwabo, bambalwa abantu abaye baba nesithakazelo yini ububanzi Kerch Strait, ngoba lezi zitsha eziqhutshwa ngisho ebusika ngaphandle kwezinkinga esikhathini ukumboza ice kwamanzi. Omunye izikebhe, ice-amadlambi wahola imvume fairway zeqhwa, kanye run yesibili emgqeni. In the Eighties sekwephuzile, kwangena omunye avtoparom.

ukweqa emsebenzini ngemva kokuwa ye-USSR

Imikhumbi abekade wokusebenza phezu engamashumi amane, esibi udinga sesimanje. nobunzima kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe ezalandela wokugoqa zase-USSR, kwaba ukuphela zokuxhumana ujantshi ngokusebenzisa Kerch Strait. Ububanzi umzimba ngamanzi uzophinde abe isithiyo esingenakunqotshwa ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi izikebhe amadala ukwesulwa kule Scrap, futhi imikhumbi entsha akuzona ezinikezwa.

Isenzo isikebhe, sokumisa kuze 2004, saphinde saqala emva emsebenzini wokulungisa nokwakha kabusha komkhakha ujantshi kanye supply yayo isitsha esisodwa. Eyokuqala abuyiselwe isikebhe yizimpahla izitimela. Ngo-2005, kwathiwa ifakwe kwenye isikebhe wesitimela.

Ukusebenza ayiswe izenzakalo owaziwa kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanayo kwala mazwe womabili - Ukraine neRussia. Co-abaphathi ukuthi kulawulwa izivumelwano phakathi kohulumeni. Ezokuthutha isitimela izitimela, timoto nebantfu lwenziwe ubusuku nemini.

Manje ngentuthuko ethembisa ngokuphathelene owela, ahloselwe ukukhulisa ukugeleza izimpahla yathinteka ububanzi esikhulu Kerch Strait. Izikebhe nezinye izitsha kumele babhekane nokwenza, okuzokwenza ngcono inqubo yokuphatha ngezandla bese ngcono insizakalo abagibeli. Kukholakala ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kuzokhulisa umthamo throughput ka owela, ikakhulukazi ehlobo lapho ukugeleza abagibeli kanye sezimoto sikhula kakhulu.

Ezokuthutha uxhumo isikebhe

Kerch Bus - ukhululekile ezokuthutha ihabhu. Wabeka eziningana imizila ibhasi ukuthi athathe abagibeli echwebeni "eCrimea", Yalta, Sevastopol, Simferopol nakwamanye amadolobha YaseCrimea. Ngakho-ke kwenziwa lo akuwona umyalezo suburban lapha kuvela neziningi ezisemadolobheni. City Center baxhumana nasemadolobhaneni azungezile sibonga ukuhamba amabhasi, minibuses nekusebenta sebhasi line. Platz Isiteshi Sesitimela itholakala emnyango Kerch.

Kerch kwebhuloho

Ukuthuthukiswa ephumelelayo zesifunda ezokuthutha Umthambo lihlotshaniswa ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho. Abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuthi njalo izinto zokuhamba umzila ukuxhumanisa i-Kuban kanye eCrimea, kuzokhuthaza ekuthuthukisweni komnotho welizwe lesifunda.

Ngaleso sikhathi samanje, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ububanzi Kerch Strait endaweni ethile on ichibi ugijima azungeze eyikhulu namashumi izitsha. Amanzi ikholomu ukufihla ukunyakaza sezinhlanzi futhi izimfihlo enamandla Ugcwalise imizi yasendulo, izikhumbuzo kanye eziningi imikhumbi lushone ka kwezinkathi ezahlukene Umkhathi.