Uyini izinqubo Imininingwane? Izinqubo Imininingwane: isethulo, isifundo

Imininingwane izinqubo - kukhona izinqubo ezihlobene search, isitoreji, translation, ukucubungula, yebo, nokusetshenziswa kolwazi ezahlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bahlukene zibe izinhlobo eziningana, ngamunye ephethe izici zayo siqu futhi ubuqili.

usesho

Lolu lwazi izinqubo okuhloswe ngaso nokuvulwa idatha egcinwe. Kunezindlela eziningana ongakhetha kuzona kungaba indlela ukucinga:

• luhlolo ngqo;
• ukuxhumana ochwepheshe ahlukahlukene mayelana nodaba unentshisekelo;
• Ukutadisha amaphepha afanele nezincwadi;
• ukubukela ithelevishini isiqophi;
• ukulalela okuqoshiwe kanye ukusakazwa;
• umsebenzi oqondile enqolobaneni kanye nomtapo izindawo;
• ukubuza ezikhethekile zolwazi, kanye namabhange kanye nedatha ikhompyutha lezisekelo;
• Ezinye izindlela.

Qonda ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi ukuze kutholakale ezimweni obuhlukahlukene futhi baphathe ngokwabo ngqo ulwazi search izinqubo - lawa amakhono abalulekile kakhulu ezinsukwini zethu.

Ukuqoqwa kanye nokugcina impahla

Ngokushesha kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi nje ukuhlangana kolwazi hhayi kungaba isiphetho ngokwakho. Ukuze ube okusho izinqubo ulwazi kanye nedatha etholakale kungaba ngandlela asetshenziswa omunye, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa isitoreji yabo, isb ukusebenzisa indlela idatha ukwabelana emkhathini kanye nesikhathi. Esimweni esinjalo, indlela kuyoba ngqo zincike ukusekelwa esetshenziswa. I-computer isetshenziswa ukunikeza isitoreji compact idatha efanele, kanjalo sivumele umsebenzisi ukufinyelela ngokushesha amafayela uzomthakazelisa.

Uhlelo ulwazi ngokwalo iyisilondolozi jikelele kolwazi, ngokuba nezindlela okokufaka, usesho, ukubekwa nomnikelo okwalandela idatha ehlukile. Ngamanye amazwi, njalo kwesimiso esinjalo angaqalisa ukusebenzisa cishe noma yikuphi izinqubo ulwazi. Ukutholakala lezo zinqubo - isici esiyinhloko yesimanje zezokwazisa ukuthi ngokuphelele ihlukanisa kubo kusukela idatha cluster ejwayelekile ngaphandle kokwenza noma yimuphi izinqubo ulwazi.

Ngokwesibonelo, iyiphi umtapo siqu, okuyinto uzokwazi uzulazule kuphela ngumnikazi wayo, akuhlangene ne yokuthi ulwazi olufana icubungula ohlelweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngo ezihlukahlukene ekhosombeni yomphakathi ukuze isitoreji amabhuku akuvunyelwe echaziwe. Kuyinto ngokusebenzisa le nqubo yosesho kanye ukulethwa alandelayo izincwadi noma indawo labo abasanda kufika wezincwadi, yinqubo semthethweni. Yingakho, ngokuvakashela umtapo, esisodwa ngokushesha uyaqaphela ukuthi lokho kwaziswa izinqubo kanye indlela ukusebenzisa.

ukudluliswa

Idatha yokudlulisela - is ukusakaza ulwazi kusuka umthombo lapho uya khona. Kulokhu, sicabanga ukuthi uhlobo lolwazi ukudluliswa izinqubo ezinjalo, ngokushesha waphawula ukuthi lapha ngempela iqhaza omthombo owamukelayo, ukudluliswa kwedatha wokuqala ngqo umshado, kanti eyesibili olitholayo. Phakathi kwabo usebenzisa ethize isiteshi nokwaziswa transmission, okuyinto emibuthanweni professional ibizwa ngokuthi isiteshi zokuxhumana.

Ukukhunjulwa Kwalabo izifundo, eyayibonakala wachaza Imininingwane izinqubo (Grade 10), siphawula ukuthi ngaphezu umamukeli, nesamukeli ukuxhumana phakathi inombolo amadivayisi:

• izakhi lobuchwepheshe adlulisa isignali endaweni emthonjeni othile;
• isifaki khodi siguqule ngokunembile isigijimi sokuqala ibe nokubukeka esiyingqayizivele ekahle kakhulu yokudlulisela;
• isakhi wenza emagama ukuguqulwa ekuqaleni okubhalwe ku kudivayisi yasekuqaleni.

Uyini izinqubo Imininingwane? Ukuphila kwethu sihlobene ngokuqondile namaphuzu Broadcasting idatha. Ngo inqubo ngokudlulisela ulwazi kungenzeka kancane uhlanekezelwe noma baze bafa. Isibonelo esimangalisayo lokhu kuyizinto ezihlukahlukene ukuphazamiseka asemkhathini umsakazo, izinguquko umsindo kwihendisethi, mnyama isithombe ku-TV, kanye nakwezinye izimo eziningi. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, noma njengoba bebizwa kongoti bolwazi, umsindo, abanye baphendukezele idatha, kodwa kulezi zinkanyezi ayabaluleka sibonga sazikhohlwa ebonakalayo ekuthuthukiseni okuqhubekayo emkhakheni Cryptology.

Yiziphi iziteshi?

Ngamandla abo, lezi ziteshi zihlukaniswe simplex futhi Duplex, kuye ngokuthi kanjani Kwenziwa ukusakaza. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ulwazi olufana icubungula kwezesayensi, babhekana izinqubo Duplex lapho idatha adluliswa zombili izinkomba, kuyilapho simplex ukunikeza ukudluliswa kuphela ohlangothini olulodwa zibe enamathiselwe ku-TV. Ngomzila ofanayo imiyalezo amaningi angasakazelwa kanyekanye, ngamunye uhlukaniswe nezinye esebenzisa izihlungi ekhethekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ungasetha imvamisa lemifanekiso imilayezo yokusakaza engatholakala kaningi eziteshini zomsakazo.

Iziphi izici iziteshi?

Isiteshi idatha sinezici ezimbili eziyinhloko, ezifana-bandwidth futhi umsindo amasosha omzimba.

Esokuqala lechazwa ngembono Inani lezinhlamvu angadluliselwa ngokungabi bikho ukuphazamiseka. Lesi sici kuyinto encike ngqo kwi Izakhiwo yesiteshi.

Ukuze sinikeze usizo olungcono umsindo amasosha omzimba, wasebenzisa ezikhethekile yokudlulisela ubuchwepheshe evumela ukuze banciphise umthelela umsindo. Ngokwesibonelo, lapha ungakwazi ifake izinhlamvu owengeziwe, lapho bona Awunawo okuqukethwe zangempela kodwa isetjentiselwa kucinisekisa ukulawula elikhulu phezu ngokunemba umyalezo ngemuva kokuthi etholwe ekhelini.

Ngo inkinga ethile wenza umcimbi Ukuvikelwa i icala langempela, uma sicabangela ukuthi ukwaziswa okunjalo icubungula ubuciko.

ukucutshungulwa

Icubungula idatha limelela ukuguqulwa zabo kusukela ifomu eyodwa kuya kwenye, futhi le nqubo yenziwa ngokuvumelana nezimiso esisemthethweni esiqinile.

Ngu uqobo, ukwelashwa kufanele kube efana isimiso black box - inchubo lapho umsebenzisi udinga kuphela ukucacisa ulwazi input bese okukhipha, kodwa imithetho ukucutshungulwa wenziwa, ke ngokuvamile akanandaba futhi awukwazi ngisho kucatshangelwe.

Black Box kuyinto uhlelo esiyingqayizivele efihla ngokuphelele ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi izinqubo. Ngo computer science, amadivayisi njenge bavame ngokuthi okubhalisa. Lapho ekucubunguleni idatha ingqapheli ngaphandle kuphela enikeziwe ulwazi input bese okukhipha kohlelo, kuyilapho isakhiwo kanye yangaphakathi nezinqubo awabonakali.

ukusetshenziswa

Lolu lwazi lusetshenziselwa ekwenzeni izinqumo ezithile. Kulokhu, ekuqondeni, ukuphelela, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ulwazi inhloso ikuvumela ukuba zenze izinqumo ezifanele futhi ukuqonda ukuthi yini okumelwe zikhishwe Imininingwane izinqubo. Ibanga 8 izikhungo ezahlukene zemfundo ihlanganisa ukutadisha lesi sihloko kabanzi. Ikhono lakho ukusula futhi iyatholakala abanye ukwethula ulwazi oluwusizo ukukhulumisana nabanye, ngakho kungashiwo ngaphandle ihaba ukuthi ikhono lokukhulumisana, okusho exchange kolwazi kanye ilungelo ukuyisebenzisa izinjongo zabo - ingenye okwenziwa umuntu obaluleke kakhulu namuhla.

Yini okufanele bakwazi umuntu wanamuhla?

Ikhompyutha esikhathini sethu inikeza:

• ulwazi yini injongo eyinhloko nganoma iyiphi idivayisi PC yesimanje;
• ukuqonda izinhlobo ezinkulu amasofutiwe asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni amakhompyutha, kanye izinhlobo interface yomsebenzisi;
• ikhono ukusesha, esitolo kanye ukucubungula ulwazi sokuqhafaza zezinombolo, usebenzisa isofthiwe ezikhethekile.

Uma ungenza lokho, kuhle lokho ulwazi icubungula semvelo computer, futhi ungakwazi futhi uwasebenzise ngokuhlakanipha - unayo yonke ezazidingeka ukuze ube umuntu ophumelelayo. Futhi lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kunakho konke.