Italy kanye umkhakha yayo lunye

Italy umkhakha kuyinto ehamba phambili emkhakheni we umnotho kahulumeni. I isabelo lo mugqa isikhathi esingaphezu 28% womkhiqizo okhandwe wendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakhu isebenzisa cishe ingxenye yabo bonke abantu abasebenza. Ekhuluma Italian isakhiwo legatsha ezimbonini, kwase kuba nge-76% kuba nokukhulisa umkhakha wezokukhiqiza.

ubunjiniyela

Engineering umkhakha e-Italy ubhekwa imikhakha ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi othakazelisayo emnothweni. Muva nje, izikhungo zayo ezisemqoka babe eTurin, eMilan Genoa. Okwamanje, le ndawo uye basakazekela kwezinye izindawo isimo. Manje, izindawo abalulekile ubunjiniyela zitholakala e Florence, Venice, nase Bologna futhi Trieste. Kugcila ukhiye we umkhakha isibe embonini yezimoto. Minyaka yonke, isimo ukhiqiza abangaba yizigidi ezimbili izimoto, kanye nenamba enkulu mopeds, izithuthuthu kanye amabhayisikili. Iqhaza ehola udlalwa ngu Fiat ukukhathazeka lapha. endlunkulu yayo itholakala eTurin umthamo ukukhiqizwa - cishe zonke izifunda zezwe. Imizi Lombard, Naples kanye eTurin umkhankaso ukukhiqizwa emoyeni ezokuthutha, kanti imboni shipbuilding e-Italy bagxila e Genoa, Livorno, La Spezia futhi Trieste.

ukukhiqizwa kagesi

Minyaka yonke, isimo ukhiqiza engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-190 kilowatt-amahora kukagesi. Cishe 65% leli nani zaba izitshalo amandla ezishisayo, okuyinto zitholakala kakhulu emadolobheni amakhulu. Basebenta bobabili bebodwa futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa amazwe. Kancane kancane kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ugesi akhiqizwa emifuleni alpine eyakhelwe emifula. Zonke share esisele kuwela phezu amaphrojekthi energy ehlukile. Kuvele isici esithakazelisayo embonini wukuthi isimo akusebenzi, akukho sokuphehla amandla enuzi, okuyinto kwaba umphumela inhlolovo kazwelonke olwenziwa ngo-1987.

umkhakha petroleum

Leli zwe mpofu ngempela ngokwezinto ku inqwaba yezinto zemvelo, kuhlanganise igolide kanye nabantu abamnyama. Lapha-ke kuveza izinto eziningi ezincane (ingqikithi elingamathani angaba ngu-1.5 million ngonyaka) e Lombardy, eSicily, futhi eshalofini we-Adriatic Sea. Lunye ka ezifana izimboni e-Italy, njengoba yokucwenga amazwe izinto zokusetshenziswa, akuvimbeli ke ngaphambi kwamanye amazwe Western Europe imiqulu. Iningi izitshalo ukuthi isebenze kule ndawo, bagxila ezindaweni echwebeni ngomkhumbi. Kulapha ukuthi impahla eluhlaza livela eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eRussia kanye namazwe amanye North Afrika. Nokho, Inethiwekhi ebanzi yophathina amapayipi amabhizinisi enjalo ezisebenza kwezinye izifunda ngempumelelo.

yokusansimbi

It akanawo imithombo yayo of izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye steel umkhakha e-Italy. Ngokufanayo, imikhakha engenhla, ububanzi igxile yokungenisa, ukuze amabhizinisi ayo ayinhloko tibheke eduze izimbobo ezinkulu. Icubungula izitshalo of ayoni yokusansimbi umsebenzi ikakhulukazi emadolobheni zezimboni ezinkulu, lapho Scrap Metal aqoqana eziningi eziphawulekayo. Izwe smelted ngonyaka amathani angaba yizinkulungwane 250 aluminiyamu futhi cishe abayizigidi ezingu-25 amathani steel. Ziyakwazi izimboni ngamakhasimende, okuyinto zitholakala eduze imithombo kagesi - Alpine emifula izitshalo amandla.

umkhakha ukukhanya

Kude hhayi ngobukhulu, kodwa legatsha ebaluleke kakhulu emnothweni kazwelonke umkhakha ukukhanya e-Italy. Umelelwa, njengoba umthetho, izinkampani ezincane kulo lonke elakwa. Izwe isibe omunye wabaholi umhlaba umthamo ukukhiqizwa izindwangu kusengutsheni yoboya, enika le nkomba kuphela China. Ezingeni eliphezulu ukuthuthukiswa is basembonini yendwangu, main zokukhiqiza insita basuke bagxila ezisenyakatho - Piedmont futhi Lombardy. I enyakatho ntshonalanga esifundeni isimo, ezifana Tuscany, Marche futhi Veneto, kukhona izikhungo of the izicathulo, lesikhumba lezigqoko umkhakha. Enye yezindawo ezimbalwa zinezikhathi ukukhula njalo, kuyinto yokudla ukuthi usebenza kokubili ukungenisa futhi izinto ayo eluhlaza. Ukukhiqizwa umthamo luyanda njalo ngonyaka nge-avareji ka-3%. Italy lunye umkhakha kule ndawo ngokuyinhloko encikene nokukhiqizwa zamafutha omnqumo. Ngesikhathi izwe ebangela ingxenye mayelana ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ikhishwe emhlabeni wonke.

chemical umkhakha

Ekuqaleni, ukukhiqizwa chemical e-Italy wazalwa ensimini ka Lombardy. Lokhu zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi yilapha manje iyisonto iningi izimboni kanye namabhizinisi ezikhethekile kulo mkhakha womsebenzi. Umkhakha usebenza ikakhulu uwoyela amazwe, phosphorites, i-cellulose, nesibabule kanye nezinye izinto. Edolobheni Trieste e, esenyakatho-mpumalanga kanzulu Petrochemical lunye, futhi eningizimu - inkampani wahlanganyela ekukhiqizeni kukamanyolo yezimbiwa. lunye International umkhakha Italy emkhakheni wesayensi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali ngokuyinhloko ahlobene ukukhululwa polymers kanye nezindwangu zokwenziwa. Ezingeni kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu ukuthuthukiswa kukhiqizwe bendabuko izinto wezinto ezingaphili - amakhemikhali, nitric futhi sulfuric acid, chlorine ne soda caustic.

Sales imikhiqizo embonini igxile nezidingo umkhakha lalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho ingxenye yayo athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-United States kanye okuthiwa emakethe ezivamile.

isiphetho

Lesi sihloko mayelana umkhakha Italian bachazwa kafushane kuphela eziyisisekelo umkhakha yayo. Kwezinye izindawo eziningi umsebenzi kusukela eminyakeni post-yimpi, uhulumeni unesibopho intuthuko ephawulekayo. Phakathi kwazo kunane-electrical kanye ifenisha umkhakha, ukukhiqizwa nezinto zokunethezeka, izikhali, kanye bioindustry.