Ukudla Unconventional - Siza Umlimi

Ukubuthelela izilwane okwengeziwe izindawo kungagcini, ngokuvamile unyaka wonke kokuhlala kwawo endlini namanye izinqubo ngokuvamile kubangela Ukuwohloka impilo yezilwane, buthakathaka somthethosisekelo ngokujulile iziyaluyalu umzimba, futhi ngenxa umkhiqizo encishisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi umsoco futhi angasetshenziswa kumele inikezwe ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ukudla equkethe zonke izakhi ezidingekile isilwane ketshezi eziphila abakhuthele, akabangeli nje kuphela ukukhula efanele kanye ukukhiqiza izilwane, kodwa futhi ubuncane ukugeleza rate feed iyunithi ukukhiqizwa ngamunye. Ngeshwa, ngokwemvelo akukho okuphakelayo kusho uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo umsoco isilwane, ophucwa kungenzeka lokuzikhethela kanye ukudla esimweni engayodwa ajulile imvelo futhi ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa aklaba kuvuna ngu indoda. Nokho, kukhona amathuluzi kanye namasu ukuthi kungathuthukisa ekudleni izakhamzimba ulahlekile. Kumayelana abalimi abaningi atholakalayo, okubizwa ngokuthi feedstuffs non-bendabuko, lapho ngesikhathi esifanayo enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ugcine ku-feed. Lena esiqiwini, okuyinto ungasebenzisa wonke abalimi, okuyinto ebaluleke ikakhulu ngokuya ifolishi ukushoda.

okuphakelayo Non-ezivamile, ukukhiqizwa futhi ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe athuthukile kakhulu. Ake sihlole ezimbalwa zazo, ukusetshenziswa okuyinto zingahlelwa cishe kunoma yimiphi imibandela yepulazi futhi sihlolisise.

Amaqembu elandelayo feedstuffs kungathiwa.

• izithasiselo okusamanzi (pomace, ayo kanye infusions, ugxilisa, ayinhlama, ulwelwe unicellular);
• ukudla kanye namanzi nezinye izakhamzimba (pine fresh izinaliti namaqabunga, kwegatsha ukudla, ihlathi, silage, aklaba kusukela amahlamvu esewile, imele zezitshalo zasendle futhi izitshalo kutshalwa, hydroponic ifolishi eluhlaza);
• okuphakelayo ezomile (ukhuni notshani, nenhlanga, ifolishi imishanelo, Vitamin okuphakelayo ukudla);
• Izithako bagxila (imbewu utshani nezitshalo bok, Vitamin ugxilisa, biomass ezomile kanye nezimpethu mikrovodosley, ifolishi imbiliso, nokunye okunjalo).

Umthombo kufinyeleleke kakhulu ifolishi ehlathini. Ukwehlukahluka kwezimangaliso ihlathi udoti, ukufinyeleleka yayo, unyaka wonke ukusetshenziswa usivumele ukuthi lokho ukubheke njengengxenye omunye zigcine kufinyeleleke kakhulu.

Okuphakelayo izinsiza ihlathi:

izithasiselo Liquid. ayo zemvelo kanye infusions izinkuni green Vitamin ngempumelelo futhi ibhekwa njengengxenye yokudla okunempilo. inzuzo wabo ukuthi zingenziwa endaweni ukusetshenziswa, ukungabi nayo ekuphileni encane eshalofini - kufikela kuzinsuku ezingu-5-7. ayo zemvelo kukhona izikhathi 10-15 izithasiselo kanzulu xaxa kuqhathaniswa infusions futhi adinga Standardization. Okuvame kakhulu ukumnika inaliti zokhuni, * nomthidari, uphayini, uzilungiselele ngu isizinda oluhlaza esishisayo (70-90ºS) noma amanzi abandayo. Ngo-100 cm3 ukumnika sonwele izinaliti equkethwe 26.4 mg Vitamin C, uphayini - 35.2, umjunipha - 28.1 mg. Fresh luthuli unyawo softwood afakwe isigubhu namanzi ashisayo kuthululwe ngesilinganiso eyodwa ingxenye izinaliti 3-4 izingxenye amanzi (ngesisindo). Wemigqomo eneziqongo washiya kusukela 3h emahoreni angu-8 ngokusebenzisa amanzi abandayo - usuku. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwezakhi futhi uthuthukise palatability of zikaphayini ezikhishwe kungaba lwalungabola. Kusuka ku-1 kg fresh ukhuni imifino bangathola 3-4 kg kanye physiologically asebenzayo izakhi ukumnika. ezikhishwe aqueous of coniferous ifa umsebenzi elwa namagciwane, okuyinto kuyasiza prophylaxis ngokumelene staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa futhi typhoid enteric amagciwane iqembu.

Fresh kanye namanzi kanye feed izakhamzimba. Kwegatsha ukudla. Kukhiwa esihlahleni nobe lomisiwe eluhlaza (ukhuni hay) mass nezihlahla Ungashintshanisa kuze kufinyelele 20-30% of roughage indlela yokudla ehambisana nempilo e ruminants futhi ungumthombo izinto eziphila abakhuthele.

Ukugawulwa fresh kwegatsha ukudla ngaphambi yokudla kuthuthukisa palatability kanye digestibility, okuyinto kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa.

Chestnut, yebo isihlekehleke somuthi, hazel, dogwood, umjunipha, sonwele futhi willow namagxolo kancane efiselekayo ngenxa okuqukethwe eliphezulu izinto extractive ezinciphisa nekusebenta ukusetshenziswa kwazo.

Inani yokudla feed phequlula incike zinhlobo ukhuni, inkathi yokuvuna, futhi ububanzi we amagatsha futhi amahlamvu kuyahlukahluka ngokwesilinganiso kusuka 3762 kuya 5852 kJ amandla metabolizable ngalinye 1 kg ndaba ezomile. I digestibility kwesikhathi Lemvelo 35,2-49,4%. Thuthukisa ukubaluleka phequlula aklaba oluqinile libhekene billet yayo engxenyeni yokuqala ka yokukhula, futhi coniferous - ebusika. Lokudla okunempilo kwegatsha ukudla kungandisa ezingaphansi kolwandle futhi amakhemikhali ukwelashwa okuhlola noma saccharification.

amagatsha coniferous, ngokungafani oluqinile izihlahla, kungcono ukuqala ukuba sokuvuna sondle izilwane ukuwa sekwephuzile - ebusika, lapho okuqukethwe extractives ubuncane ngokwethula kwabo ku ekudleni kancane kancane. Isingeniso izinaliti yokudla ukhetho best nokuvinjelwa kwezifo ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, ukungezwani ezihlukahlukene izifo emathunjini bese zokuphefumula ku isizinda kusilela ingqikithi ifolishi. Izinaliti liwumthombo eshibhile of carotene kuka utshani obomisiwe, izaqathe, uwoyela inhlanzi noma utshani sakusihlwa.

Silage namaqabunga senazhirovanie, uphayini izinaliti, amagatsha amancane ingenye amasu ukulondolozwa futhi inqubo ensiling aklaba ozuza izakhiwo ezintsha organoleptic ukuthi ukwandisa palatability yayo. Good imiphumela imibukiso ukusuthisa USilo kusuka izimila bok futhi silage ingxubevange ihlathi izinsalela nohlaza herbaceous (utshani, imfucuza yemifino kanye nezitshalo ensimini) usebenzisa okuphakelayo ushukela hydrolytic kanye urea isinxephezeliso yokuntuleka ushukela legkosbrazhivaemyh. Kwezinye izinhlobo ihlathi ukhuni USilo (kusukela imifino imfucuza ukhuni) ngoba zimpawu ensiling (acidosis, acid acetic), kodwa mass yabo iyagcinwa kahle futhi has eduze umbala yokuqala futhi iphunga elimnandi (kwamaqabunga ashwabene, ekwindla uthunqela).

Okuphakelayo kusukela amahlamvu bawa zinhlobo ezahlukene esihlahleni futhi inenani ethile yokudla. amahlamvu Yellow ngokungafani kuya oluhlaza aqukethe amaprotheni kancane, cishe zingenalo carotene, uvithamini C, ushukela, kodwa amanani aphezulu amafutha, fibre, umlotha. Inani yokudla amahlamvu awile by 25-35% ephansi. Nechobozekile, zaparivayut, wasebenzisa silage kanye okuhlola njll

Dry kudla kwetilwane. Izinkuni hay - omisiwe ifolishi ngenhloso phequlula impahla. Tufts elomile, elincane, amagatsha kahle esinezimila ngokuthi amahlumela, namahlamvu omile - "bok" ifolishi. namahlamvu omile futhi yomile bok amakhambi okusezingeni eliphezulu a umsoco, aqukethe eningi namaminerali.

Vitamin ufulawa green wood liba 7.2 ukuze 16,6% kanye ngoba aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi izakhi eziningi akusizi ufulawa alfalfa. Kwakuvamise ekukhiqizeni izifunzo exubile, futhi njengoba i-okufakiwe ekudleni kwemfuyo nezinyoni. ufulawa softwood - Vitamin okuphakelayo eyatholakala kusukela omisiwe zikaphayini izinaliti nesihlahla sonwele noma uphayini amagatsha nge ukusetshenziswa kahle eliphezulu. Ikakhulukazi, kusukela 1 kg ndaba ezomile amaqabunga birch, e-aspen futhi Alder angatholakala 125-200 carotene mg, kusukela izinaliti zikaphayini, sonwele zokhuni, * nomthidari, umsedari, futhi 60-100 mg; U-vitamin C kusukela 1kg zikaphayini izinaliti nesihlahla sonwele 3000-3200 4000 IU, ezingaphezu kuka amawolintshi nolamula. Esikhathini nemibandela ufulawa ipulazi Vitamin kusukela amahlamvu kungenziwa sithenge ngu ukuncipha zabo zemvelo futhi ukugaya okwalandela.

Sawdust esetshenziswa ifomu fresh noma kusetshenzwe. Lolu khuni nepepper sengezwe okuphakelayo kanzulu e isamba 25-50% ukuvimbela palatability zabo lapho enikeza amaningi. Ngo ruminant izabelo iqondiswa uthuli ezinkulu (15-25% yokudla) kulesetayelekile rumen umsebenzi ukunciphisa abagulela ukufa parakeratosis. Ikakhulukazi, zemvelo e-aspen chips abe ephezulu grade roughage izimfanelo. Sawdust yokudla ukubaluleka kungase kwandise by izindlela ezilula: ukucutshungulwa gidrobarotermicheskoy, ngokweqile izinqubo alikhali uyabanda noma ushise, amanzi ammonia, njll

Okuphakelayo kusukela imfucuza yephepha. Imibengo iphepha imfucuza yephepha iqukethe kuze kufinyelele 90% cellulose. Ukuphumelela ukusetshenziswa imfucuza yephepha ekuphakelweni kuncike ohlotsheni lwephepha. digestibility ezimisiwe ndaba ezomile: I-amaphepha ansundu evala 90,8% ophucuziwe - 41,0-46,5, newsprint - 26,5-33,2%. Lapho 10-20% newsprint ephelele isabelo ndaba ezomile digestibility siyenyuka sisuka 77,9 ukuze 80,1-81,8%.

Kunezindlela eziningana ukulungiselela imfucuza yephepha ukuze ancele, e ukugaya ethile futhi ukukhanya nge Molasses e isilinganiso 25:75, kulandele iphele ngaleso t 85º C kuze izigaxa njll Ngemva kwalokho zihlanganisa Ukudla kwengoma.

It nanela ukuthi okuphakelayo onjalo kusho njengoba imfucuza yephepha, sawdust, nokunye okunjalo, kuhlanganise utshani kanye ngezansi-echazwe ukulungiselela ubuchwepheshe, oqukethe semali cellulose, kusebenza kuphela poligastrichnym (ruminant) isilwane.

Eminye imithombo of ifolishi.

izithasiselo Liquid. ulwelwe Unicellular. Ulwelwe zingatshalwa emadanyini izimbali zokwakhiwa ezindaweni ukuthi ayifanele ezolimo; amasiko abo lencike kancane izimo zezulu, futhi kulinywe ngezinhloso ifolishi kungenzeka ngaphansi nemibandela yanoma yiyiphi umnotho. Izinzuzo feedstuffs akunakubangelwa nokukhula ngokushesha wezinto zokubasa. Ngosuku 6th kulinywe, lapho inani amavithamini in the medium, esiphezulu, ukumiswa cell izilwane solder, ngaphandle ukulahlekelwa amavithamini e konemimoya, kanye nezinye izinto bioactive - imithi elwa namagciwane, ama-enzyme, sterols, i-hormone isitshalo, njll

Lapho ukungezwa 1 ton yokusanhlamvu 5-7 kg isisindo dry Chlorella okusanhlamvu bioavailability kukhuphuke 1.5 aphindekile. Phakathi nesigqi ulwelwe ezisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ukuze zithole ukudla nomoya okuphakelayo izithasiselo, ezivamile 3 zinhlobo - Spirulina, Chlorella futhi Dyunaliella.

Ukutshala zinhlobo bohlobo lwe-Spirulina ukhiqiza 128 t / ha wamaprotheni ngonyaka. Dyunaliella - into yemboni mass isiko. Lokhu zasolwandle e nezimfanelo zayo yokudla okunempilo ngingcono kunabanye kokuqukethwe okusezingeni eliphezulu amafutha (kufika ku-28%), kanye amavithamini, amino acid isethi egcwele okuqukethwe kanye futhi umlotha okuqukethwe ongaphakeme, has digestibility ezinhle. Chlorella - okuqukethwe amavithamini aphakeme ngazo yemifino kanye aklaba izitshalo, kuhlanganise nemvubelo. Chlorella ukhiqiza futhi B12, okuyinto engekho e imbiliso noma izitshalo ephakeme. Uma namafutha kafishi iqukethe 6 amavithamini, le Chlorella kubo okungenani 13 pro-Vitamin A ku kuba izikhathi 7-10 kunaleyo zasendle rose noma amabhilikosi omisiwe. Chlorella - esikhiqiza asebenzayo amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, lipids, amavithamini kanye isilinganiso kalula iyashintsha of lezi zakhi. Isiko elifanayo ekushintsheni ezikhulayo izimo biomass angatholakala nge okuqukethwe amaprotheni ka-9 kuya ku-88%, ama-carbohydrate - 6 kuya 37%, namafutha - 4 kuya 85%. Lokudla okunempilo 1 kg biomass kuyinto 4-5 kg soy amaprotheni okulingana iprotheni ubisi ezomile noma inyama. Chlorella uphulukisa izilwane ezivela avitaminoses nezifo ezihlukahlukene emathunjini.

Lapho usebenzisa i-kubalimi Lokubuyela izinyanga 1-2. Abahlukahlukene ukutshala ubuchwepheshe ukuvumela ukusebenzisa njengoba isiko naphakathi ketshezi umquba, imfucuza ukucutshungulwa imikhiqizo yezolimo kanye amagesi flue deku isikhutha nezinye izinto ezingadingeki ezindaweni ezifanayo. Ngo avaliwe ukufaka ezenzakalelayo Chlorella umkhiqizo 100-40 g lomcebo ezomile ngalinye 1 m ² ngelanga, okuhambelana 360-500 m / ha. I ukukhiqiza isilinganiso ezitshalweni evulekile-uhlobo ngaphansi ukukhanya yemvelo ku ezahlukene 14-35 g / m² ngosuku. Emanzini zemvelo Chlorella siqhube nokuvuselelwa begazi indle namachibi angcolile, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba ubuyisele semvelo yalezi amadamu ukuze amazinga zemvelo.

Isimila ejwayelekile ukutshala Chlorella epulazini noma imfuyo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile ine uhlobo ikamelo abamba ukushisa, kanti aqukethe okulandelayo culturing zokukhiqiza laboratory ukulungiselela yesixazululo izakhi. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa izimila zasolwandle e ukudla kudinga silinganisa ukusetshenziswa nabo ifomu kanzulu kungehlisa izinga imikhiqizo yezilwane.

Fresh kanye namanzi kanye feed izakhamzimba. Ulwelwe. Emanzini ethu kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-duckweed - trilobal nezincane. Lokhu zisetshenziswa lincane kakhulu, ekhelini izitshalo, zifakwa ngokuphelele emanzini. Vegetatively okusakazwa, ngesikhathi esincane kakhulu isikhathi ingazanela ngokuphelele ebusweni bemi amanzi. Yidla izinto okunomsoco ziyoncibilika emanzini, ukuthatha lona ngaphesheya ubuso bayo. Winter, ewela lapho kuqala kubanda ezansi amadamu. Duckweed iqukethe amaprotheni, amavithamini, nosawoti wamaminerali. Sekuyisikhathi eside esetshenziswa yokudla izinkukhu nezingulube. Ngesikhathi esifanayo eziningi duckweed oluhlaza kancane uthele bran (bran) nofulawa. Ayikho Izimo ukuze isetshenziswe ukunikeza nezinye izilwane njengenhlangano okufakiwe feed eziyisisekelo.

Zikhona izitshalo zasendle ukuthi Site yokudla, kuhlanganise enjalo ayikufanelekeli zilwane ezinamandla zasendle ezifana quinoa esakaza, willow-imbiza, sembabazane, nabanye abaningi.

Atriplex patula nhlanganisela eyingqayizivele okusezingeni eliphezulu ukumelana ezibandayo nge esiphezulu ukukhiqiza i-photosynthesis, okufanelekelayo ukuba isifundo e umthombo eyengeziwe okuphakelayo. Engxenyeni oluhlaza zalesi sihlahla iqukethe ascorbic acid (150 mg%), carotene (10 mg%), amaphrotheni (kusuka 10 kuya 30%), amafutha (kusuka 0.4 kuya 2.2%), fibre (9.3 kuya ku-39 , 2%), betaine (1.22%).

Inani ukunikeza sembabazane wukuthi ne izici efanayo ezikhulayo ke eletha umkhiqizo izikhathi 1.5-2.0 ephakeme kunaleyo izitshalo zendabuko, sokuvuna ukuvuthwa mass eluhlaza izinsuku 20-25 iza kuqala, ukuze ungakwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngo-green swa isimiso. Njengoba ephezulu isivuno kanye ephezulu ebangeni feed isiko kwalo kwanda emazweni amaningi. Nge ngamunye inoculated njalo eminyakeni 8-10 ehektheleni uthole 800-1000 c. / Ha, ngesikhathi ngenkasa mass luhlaza kakhulu. Inani nutritive sembabazane akuyona phansi kunabaphostoli emabhontjisi izitshalo. Sembabazane isetshenziswa ngendlela infusions, Iziphungo hay, haylage futhi eyandisa silos. It kwandisa ukukhiqizwa ubisi kwesisindo izinkomo nezinyoni kwandisa ukukhiqizwa amaqanda. Izimbabazane kufanele ukungezwa okuphakelayo izingulube, ikakhulukazi nesibeletho abakhulelwe. Kodwa, khumbula ukuthi ukusuthisa sembabazane amadala, ngemva 6-12 amahora wesitoreji kungaholela ubuthi ngenxa ekuqongeleleni nitrate.

Amaranth iminyaka 8000 bekugcwele Izivuno eziyinhloko eNingizimu Melika naseMexico, kanye ubhontshisi nommbila. Amaranth -. Ingabe yonyaka herbaceous isitshalo, obude ongafinyelela 2.5-4 m panicle ekuvuthweni abe ubude 30 cm futhi ubukhulu 15 cm panicle umsindo ifinyelela 1 kg .. imbewu amaranth incane kakhulu, efana zesihlabathi, kuze ayizinkulungwane 500. A panicle olulodwa. Nokho Grain amaranth ithela izithelo, izici izakhiwo afana okusanhlamvu, ngoba ingeyona umndeni okusanhlamvu, ibizwa ngokuthi psevdozlakom. Izikhulu ezingaphezu kwesigamu amaprotheni amaranth zimumethe albumins globulin nge olinganiselayo amino acid ukwakheka. imbewu amaranth aqukethe ngokwesilinganiso 15-17% amaprotheni, amafutha 5-8% futhi 3,7-5,7% we-fiber, okuyinto kunakunoma okusanhlamvu kakhulu (ngoba aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi emmbileni kuyinto 10-12,6% amafutha - 4,6-6,7, amaprotheni kakolweni - 9-14, amafutha - 1,1-3,4%). Ngenxa okuqukethwe enkulu lysine acid acid, okuyinto amaprotheni of amaranth kuyinto kabili kunakunoma kakolweni, futhi kathathu obukhulu kunobukaJohane ummbila namabele, ngisho ifaniswe inani soy kanye nobisi cow sika, ikhwalithi amaprotheni of amaranth ubhekwa eliphezulu kakhulu . Uma ephelele ukulinganisela amaprotheni (efana neqanda) samaphuzu 100, obisi casein kuyodingeka 72 amaphuzu, soy - 68, ukolweni - 58 Ummbila - 44, kanye amaranth - amaphuzu 75. Ngakho, ngenxa izici begazi amaranth kuyinto mnandi kuka esincintisana eliseduze - kabhontshisi namaphesenti ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo amaprotheni kusukela amaranth engase engabizi kuka soy. I ezinkulu inzuzo yokuncintisana wamaprotheni amaranth ugxilisa kukhona engokwemvelo zabo futhi olinganiselayo amino acid ukwakheka.

Transom amaranth njengoba mass oluhlaza noma okusanhlamvu ezisetshenziswa emasimini ukukhiqiza ukudla silage, ekukhiqizeni vitamin A ne ufulawa granules. mass Green kahle adle zonke izilwane ezifuywayo. Isingeniso yokudla amaranth ngcono zokwandisa nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi imikhiqizo kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zawo. Nothile Kuveza amaranth kuyinto 35-60 t / ha lamabele ezingeqi kwezingu-2000 kg / ha biomass. Amaranth kubhekwa okuphakelayo eqolo futhi kakhulu wamaprotheni amaningi, kokubili fresh futhi silage, ufulawa lwamakhambi noma granules. Silage kungaba bondliwe unyaka wonke. mass Green kusukela Julayi kuze yesithwathwa kuqala. Ingxube corn silage kanye amaranth in a 1: amaprotheni wokuqukethwe 1, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangu-corn silage kwandisa izikhathi 1.32, kakhulu kwandisa umthamo nezinye izinto ezidingekayo izilwane: lysine, i-calcium ne phosphorus.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ukuhlwanyelwa kudinga 0.5-1 kuphela kg imbewu ngayinye 1 ha. Ukuze ukuhlwanyelwa kakolweni idinga i isilinganiso 200 kg, ummbila - 50 1 kg okusanhlamvu ehektheleni. isabele kakhulu futhi undemanding ukuze isiko izinyathelo Agro-lobuchwepheshe. Ingxenye kuhle elihambayo oluhlaza, kanye nokudlwengula.

Ukudlwengula - isitshalo cruciferous (iklabishi). Lokhu oilseed namaprotheni kwezitshalo has ukudla okukhulu futhi okuphakelayo value. Ngezindlela eziningi, aphakeme kwezinye izitshalo eziningi ukudlwengula. imbewu alo aqukethe 40-48% amanoni 25-30% amaprotheni. Kodwa, igobolondo le rapeseed amelana ama-enzyme kanye yemvelo lapho usebenzisa ezingacubunguliwe lonke okusanhlamvu yokudla izinkomo ukuze 30% zokuhamba ngokusebenzisa pheshana emathunjini.

Ukudlwengula - jikelele ifolishi kwezitshalo. Kungaba kudingeka sihlakulelwe cishe zonke izindawo zezulu yezwe ngempumelelo.

Ukusebenzisa izimiso ezimbalwa ezilula ungagwema kungenzeka iziyaluyalu wokugaya ukudla. Zakhiwa eqinisweni lokuthi akunakwenzeka ukunikeza oluhlaza mass ukudlwengula ukudla, emva kwemvula noma amazolo. Kufanele kube kancane kancane ejwayele ukudla izinkomo ukudlwengula zelenki banamathele amazinga abekelwe emaceleni yokudla, kuye ngohlobo isilwane kanye nobudala bayo. Green mass ukudlwengula ngoba ekwindla yokudla kubalulekile, nangabo bonkhe green elihambayo ezinzima pre-ubusika. Green mass rapeseed anganika zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, futhi umthamo zonke izinsuku we ubisi izinkomo okusekelwe umkhiqizo wabo ukwandisa ukuze 20-25 kg. Ukudlwengula kuletha okushisa phansi - 7 degrees, futhi siyaqhubeka sichuma. Kuphela ngenxa ukuwa ukusuthisa oluhlaza mass ukudlwengula ngesikhathi ekwindla izinsuku 60-70 kungandisa isivuno 100-150 amalitha inkomo ngayinye. Ikakhulukazi ezinkulu ukubaluleka rapeseed eminyakeni nesomiso, uma ivala isikhala ukulahlekelwa lamabele okuphakelayo, futhi wabulala izitshalo kungenziwa kutshalwe izinyanga July. Futhi isibonelo epulazini collective "sabaqashi ipulazi yokusanhlamvu" Kirov esifundeni hhayi ukuba basheshe ne rapeseed zilima ngemva kokuvuna yona oilseeds, kunikeza nemiphumela ocebile.

Ukuze izilwane yokondla izinyoni ingasetshenziswa utshani, imbewu, ukudla, zoo amakhekhe ne bhotela. Green mass ukudlwengula utshani nezinye izitshalo cruciferous: colza, isithombo, Tiphon, elisetshenziswa yokudla izinkomo nokuhlaba izingulube ngempumelelo. Utshani cruciferous iqukethe izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu wamaprotheni njengoba ubhontshisi, kodwa amafutha 10% ngaphansi (15% kuqhathaniswa 25%). Isici ezikhanga kakhulu kuba ikhono lazo crucifers ukukhiqiza sokuvuna egcwele mass oluhlaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ngaphambi rye) kanye pozdneosenny (kuze frost -8S0) nezikhathi, ezisabalele kakhulu kwenkathi elihambayo oluhlaza. Okubalulekile yinkulumo esilandelayo. ratio calcium kuya phosphorus e ukudla for izilwane kufanele kube 1.2-2 ukuze 1. Nokho, izinhlobo ifolishi eziyisisekelo nokusanhlamvu by-imikhiqizo processing zabo, kunalokho, amazinga phosphorus izikhathi 3-8 ephakeme kunaleyo ezingeni i-calcium. Lokhu amabutho yaphathwa izabelo umcako, igobolondo noma ezinye izinto-calcium-aqukethe. Nokho, wokulinganisa, engene esiswini ezingulube yenkukhu, khona kakhulu neutralizes asidi, ezehlisa ukugaya izakhi futhi ikhuthaza ukukhula nezilwanyana ezincane pathogenic e pheshana emathunjini. Kungokufanayo imikhiqizo ukudlwengula ifolishi ratio calcium kuya phosphorus ka 0.9: 1, ezingasetshenziswa kakhulu ukunciphisa izabelo yaphathwa wokulinganisa noma limestone.

Phakathi izitshalo non-bendabuko ukudla, okuyinto unike isivuno eliphezulu ngaphansi ezahlukene esishintshashintshayo Agro-zezulu osebenza artichoke. EJerusalema artichoke iyikhaya eNyakatho neMelika. ERussia, lokhu isiko weza ngekhulu XVII ngezindlela ezimbili: baseYurophu China. Lena isitshalo zisetshenziswa tuberous bohlobo lwe-Sunflower Asteraceae. EJerusalema artichoke libonisa umkhiqizo okusezingeni eliphezulu emlenzeni wokuqala emihlanu emva kokutshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa. EJerusalema artichoke inikeza luningi kakhulu mass oluhlaza ekupheleni kwekwindla, lapho Botanical izitshalo Ukwakheka vegetatiruyuschih ziyancipha kakhulu. Ngenhla ezithela isilinganiso nezilimo eziyizigaxa 40-50 t / ha, ihamba - 30 t / ha. I nezilimo eziyizigaxa yokuvuna ekwindla kabi igcinwe. EJerusalema artichokes zivame bemba njengoba kudingeka, njengasezulwini phansi wayelokhu the best, kodwa lapho iqhwa ebusika kuye abakhululeki futhi yesithwathwa e -40C. mass Green kuvuna ngasekupheleni September noma ekuqaleni kuka-October aklaba ezivunayo noma wotshani ne Pick-up. Lapho esetshenziswa artichoke iminyaka 2-3 kuphela njengoba mass oluhlaza, ukwenziwa hay, silage noma ufulawa, neziqu bafa kabili - okokuqala ukuphakama plant 80-100 cm 6-10 cm ngenhla ibhulukwe elingaphansi amaqabunga, ezimila kusukela axils we neziqu futhi kanti owesibili - kusukela ngasekupheleni September kuze frost.

Ngokusho ukwakheka acid acid of mass oluhlaza kanye tuber eJerusalema artichoke luwukudla eziphila ezibalulekile. nezilimo eziyizigaxa Okunomsoco 0,23-0,29 korm.ed. Okuqukethwe amaprotheni ngokwesilinganiso 3.2% kwi-into eyomile ehlanganisa 16 amino acid, zazo 9 - ebalulekile. Lesi simila kuyinto multivitamin mineral Ukwakheka okuhle. Ngokuzithandela udle artichoke cishe zonke izilwane yepulazi noma ongumlimi ukulima - izinkomo, amahhashi, izimbuzi, izimvu, izingulube, futhi ngokuzithandela ngokulinganayo bayadla, eziqongweni nezimpande. indawo yayo ezweni nasemapulazini - asizayo ifolishi kwezitshalo nge eziphansi (Kokubili yemali "labour"). Unika, okokuqala, ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo komhlaba abekelwe emaceleni, nemithambeka esingesihle. Okwesibili, ukondla nenkathi ehlanganiswa eJerusalema artichoke kuyinto izinyanga ezimbili ekwindla, intwasahlobo kanye ezinyangeni ezintathu - izinyanga ezinhlanu, hhayi kancane kangaka, ikakhulu uma ucabangela ukuthi izinyanga!

okuqukethwe okuphansi eJerusalema artichoke ezinobuthi luyimfanelo ebalulekile isiko inikezwe.

Inkomo Parsnip Sosnowski - I obuhlala isikhathi eside futhi high-isivuno kwezitshalo. Isivuno oluhlaza mass hogweed kunakunoma zommbila, it yakha aboveground biomass-2000 kg / ha. Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukusetshenziswa zisetshenziswa emasimini hogweed futhi cheapness kulinywe yayo (akukho agropriomov waminyaka yonke eziningi ebizayo). A ingcebo hogweed biomass amaprotheni, amavithamini, amaminerali, ushukela (iqinisekisa silage ezinhle), kwenza isiko ezikhangayo emapulazini amaningi.

Ososayensi baye ezikhungweni eziningi zezimila ngawo-60 bathatha iqhaza uhlelo emikhulu futhi iminyaka eminingi ukwethula inkomo Parsnip Sosnowski e ezolimo njengoba isitshalo ifolishi. Nokho, baba nomuzwa wokuthi, ngemva ukufakwa yayo kule isabelo okuphakelayo, inyama yezilwane aluthola iphunga eyinqaba futhi ubisi okumunyu, ekubeni ongakulungele ukudliwa ngabantu. Kukholakala ukuthi umphumela inkomo Parsnip ku ukungazali izinkomo.

Hogweed uvele isitshalo nolaka seziqalile emasimini futhi bazithola ngaphandle ukunakekelwa efanele, waqala ukusakaza usidle sonke isikhala esitholakalayo. manje inkomo Parsnip isibe buyingozi futhi uyingozi ukuba ukuzinza kwemvelo uhlelo, hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa futhi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Zonke lapho umuntu enezinkinga ezihambisana Hogweed ikakhulukazi ezihlobana kuphela zenye, "umqali" seduze kwemigwaqo namasimu dengwane - Sosnowski inkomo Parsnip (Heracleum sosnowskiy). Phakathi yokukhula ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zezitshalo hogweed buthelela umsebenzi Photodynamic we furokumariny. Ukusondelana kwabo ngemiphumela isikhumba e dermatitis ezijulile, Burns edabula hlobo. ekuqongeleleni ngokweqile coumarin kubantu kuholela nesifo esibizwa ngokuthi Une-vitiligo.

Ukuze kokudla kwezilwane kususwa cowparsnip ngaphansi ezinzima kusilela okuphakelayo ingasetshenziswa kokubili njengoba hay noma ufulawa Izingxube futhi ngesimo silage. Singasho Kunconywa practice isimiso njengenhlangano ifolishi kwezitshalo ezengeziwe for fattening esekelwe ukuhoxiswa ekuseni kusukela ekudleni ngaphambi ekuhlatshweni. Inkomo Parsnip silage ugunda phambi zezimbali. Ukusebenzisa mass ogqamile ku utshani sakusihlwa isuswe njengoba kudingeka aklaba Abavuni. Lapho ukuhlanza hogweed kufanele usebenzise ukuqaphela, ukugqoka izingubo ezivikelayo. It is nhlobo ngesandla angabekwa mass ogqamile ka hogweed e inqubo ukulayisha.

mass Green ecebile ushukela. lokucuketfwe ushukela idlula ubuncane edingekayo silage by izikhathi 2-2.5, ngokuqondene nale Parsnip inkomo ingakwazi Silo nalokho trudnosilosuyuschimisya Nokho izitshalo kakhulu ngotshani ahlabayo, kuvele utshani zisetshenziswa et al., anezela 10-15% ngesisindo.

Reed has kufike komkhulu wabo umsoco kusihloko. I kg 100 hay umhlanga ngaphambi zom equkethwe (ku izidakamizwa ezomile) 44 okuphakelayo. u futhi 3.9% of amaprotheni digestible, e 1 kg isisindo oluhlaza - kusuka 33.1 kuya 51.5 carotene mg. Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi umhlanga iqukethe fibre kancane futhi Bev (polysaccharides) kuka ezinkathini okwalandela kwenkathi yokukhula. Sebethule esiphezulu polysaccharides kusuka umoba, kutawenteka ngesikhatsi zezimbali zayo.

Dry kudla kwetilwane. Ongoti kwezolimo emhlabeni wonke kusukela kudala, abasebenza ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokuthuthukisa umsoco ongaphakeme-value okuphakelayo: utshani, bran, khoba ize iyofinyelela embewini, nokuningi. Kulula kakhulu ukufinyelela kuwo futhi kuyinto enkulu ukuhamba utshani. Utshani ebusika kanye entwasahlobo kakolweni, rye ebusika kanye anolaka, has a amandla ongaphakeme -0,16-0,22 okuphakelayo yokudla okunempilo. u 1 kg nengenawo sidliwe yizilwane. Ukwelashwa utshani izindlela ngokomzimba noma amakhemikhali (ammonia kuncibilike, umcako, soda caustic) ihlinzeka nokwanda okuphawulekayo (izikhathi 2.5-3.0) palatability yayo kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga izikhathi 1,3-2,8 amandla yokudla okunempilo. Inani yokudla amabele utshani, ibhali, i-oats, utshani testis, ikakhulukazi cocksfoot, uphizi Viki Yarovoy amandla ephakeme ukudla yokudla okunempilo kuyinto 0,31-0,40. u lapho okuqukethwe 16,0-35,0 g amaprotheni eluhlaza ngalinye 1 kg. Kodwa yokuthuthukisa palatability kanye digestibility yokudla izakhi okuphakelayo izinto kungcono okubeka izindlela ezithuthukisa ubuhle - yokugaya, ukuxubana CONCENTRATE, nge izinga okusezingeni feeds namanzi njengoba silage, beetroot uginindela njll, kanye izithasiselo eziphila abakhuthele nokumbiwa ..

In the engekho labathaki bamafutha esetshenziswa amabhokisi sokhuni 1,5x1,5x1,5 m. Utshani ukusika embondelene in zamatshe 45-50 cm kuthiwa ke ngawo noma wathela ugxilisa okufakiwe kanye okuxubile. Ingxube kulamahlanga ezomile ugxilisa amanzi ashisayo zaparivayut (75-80 ° C) I-amalitha 100 per 1 q utshani. Ngo-100 amalitha amanzi ngokuvamile ziyoncibilika 2 kg kasawoti. Uma kusetshenziswe imisindvo Molasses kuyadingeka ukuze ibone okuqukethwe ushukela kuwo ukuvimbela ushukela utshani glut. Ngaphambi ukuxuba ngotshani Molasses siphela emanzini ashisayo endaweni isilinganiso 1: 3; 1: 4 ngesisindo yaphinde yaphathwa ngesilinganiso amalitha 100 per 1 q utshani. Ukuze ugweme ongahluziwe fibre digestibility utshani ngamalitha 100 Molasses buhlanjululwe ezifanele ukwenza 4-5 kg urea. A ingxube utshani Molasses uhlanganise futhi ushiye for isigamu sehora ukudweba. Ngo kwakhiwa kormosmesej cabanga nekhwalithi utshani. Rough ongaphakeme ukubaluleka ebusika ukolweni utshani rye zisebenzisa bengekho ngaphezu kwama-45% we isisindo ingqikithi ingxube. izinkomo zayo akunika kukhawulwe 5 kg ngosuku. Utshani unyaluthi nebhali, i-oats, uphizi, testis utshani ifaka kufikela 55-60% we isisindo ingqikithi ingxube. Ngendlu le utshani phezu osekuyisikhathi elomile uhla 7-8 kg inkomo ngayinye ngosuku.

okuphakelayo kanzulu kanye izithasiselo  

Imbewu utshani nezitshalo bok esingayenza engasiza ekusindiseni eziningi okuphakelayo ezibizayo. Ungakwazi ukuvuna imbewu imifino yasendle: quinoa, Sorrel, izimbabazane, barnyardgrass, igundane uphizi, bindweed, sharitsy, burdock, camelina, amaviyo ngamaviyo, kwaba Manica. Futhi, imbewu, + imithi yezithelo :. Oak, usika izingcezu azidingayo ngokucophelela, beech, basswood, Elm, umlotha, ophuzi ngomuthi, umlotha, elderberry, viburnum, hawthorn, namacici Birch et al acorns futhi ihhashi onsundu kungenziwa fed nemfuyo kokubili isimo eluhlaza njengoba ngaphambi sifakwe emanzini futhi igaya, kanye ukudla. Okuhle Ukuthi bakwazi ugaye kubo kube ufulawa indawo, angasetshenziswa ingxube namahlamvu awile noma hay. Omunye kg lonke omisiwe noma nepepper nge igobolondo futhi iqukethe 1.15 cupule acorns okuphakelayo. u, ngoba lokhu kuyinto engenakwenzeka overfeed izilwane ukudla njengoba okunomsoco okunamafutha amaningi kanye carbohydrate. Kukhona izincomo ezifanele.

Kukhona imithombo eminingi-non-ezivamile okuphakelayo imithombo kanye ihlathi ezingabizi kakhulu futhi impumelelo isayensi umkhuba ukuba sizibuze ugodo imfucuza njengoba ziwumthombo othembisayo izinto zokusetshenziswa ukwenziwa ezihlukahlukene imikhiqizo okuphakelayo kanye izithasiselo, lapho izidingo imfuyo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukudla non-bendabuko esikhathini esiningi bahlukanisa, wafunda Ukwakheka yabo, umsoco, izincomo ukuze isetshenziswe inkomba nezincwadi lobuchwepheshe. Ubuchwepheshe kanye nesisekelo esingokomthetho futhi lobuchwepheshe ukuthola yonke ifolishi ngenhla, imishini yezobuchwepheshe imisebenzi iningi angakwazi ukukhokhela cishe kunoma iyiphi ibhizinisi.