Ishidi Complex: isakhiwo, incazelo, izibonelo

Zonke izitshalo aqukethe vegetative futhi izitho okuzala. Kugcine wemfanelo zokukhiqiza. Ngo angiosperms iyona imbali. Kuyinto yokuphunyuka ukushintshwa. izitho vegetative zezitshalo - kuyinto uhlelo impande futhi amahlumela. Uhlelo impande siqukethe impande main, lateral nokuningi. Ngezinye izikhathi impande main kungaba engavezwanga ngamazwi. uhlelo okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi fibrous. Sifanamsindvo yakhiwa, amaqabunga kanye efihlekile. Sifanamsindvo Ukunikela ngezokuthutha izidakamizwa, futhi ukusekela isikhundla zalesi sihlahla. Izinso banesibopho kumiswa amahlumela, futhi izimbali. Uhlu - isitho ebaluleke kakhulu isitshalo, ngoba unesibopho-photosynthesis.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani

amahlamvu lecondzile nemisho lemagalagala aqukethe izinhlobo eziningana kwezicubu. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

Ngokuya Histology

Ngenhla nezicubu isigubungelo - the epidermis. Lokhu ukujiya ungqimba elilodwa noma amabili amaseli nge ulwelwesi obukhulu ngokufanele esondelene kakhulu nomunye. Leli shidi Indwangu ivikela ekulimaleni mechanical, futhi kuvimbela ukuhwamuka ngokweqile amanzi emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, epidermis ohilelekile negesi lokushintshisana. Ukuze wenze lokhu izicubu stomata samanje.

Kumi esiqongweni sezindawo epidermis kuyinto isendlalelo zokuzivikela, esakhiwa wax, luthi alufane wukukhanya izicubu amaseli.

Ngezansi epidermis kuyinto columnar, noma nokwenziwa parenchyma. Lokhu eziyisisekelo Indwangu ishidi. Kuthatha beka inqubo ye-photosynthesis. amaseli parenchymal ahlelwe ngenhla. Ziqukethe inqwaba chloroplast.

Ngu befunda Indwangu kuyinto conductive ishidi uhlelo kanye parenchyma sithambile. Indwangu conductive - a xylem futhi phloem. Eyokuqala siqukethe izitsha - amangqamuzana afile exhunywe thwi nomunye ngaphandle kokuba lumangaza ovundlile. Ngu amanzi xylem nge izinto ziyoncibilika therein ihlinzekwa ku ishidi kusuka impande. Phloem yakhiwa ngesihlungo amashubhu - ukunwebeka ngamangqamuzana aphilayo. Ngalokhu Indwangu conductive izixazululo zithutha, kunalokho, Ngokubona iqabunga empandeni.

izicubu sithambile obhekene negesi lokushintshisana namanzi ukuhwamuka.

Leseluhleni ngaphansi Izendlalelo epidermis ingaphansi. Wabuye, efana phezulu, has a umsebenzi zokuzivikela. It Ubuye stoma.

isakhiwo amahlamvu

Isuka kusukela stem petiole, okuyinto lamina esinqunyiwe kanye - ingxenye eyinhloko ishidi. Kusukela stem kuya emaphethelweni leaf emithanjeni ehlukana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, compounds nge-stem kwakhona stipules. amahlamvu Sophisticated, izibonelo iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo ngezansi, ahlelwe ukuze elinye iqabunga petiole kuyinto amapuleti eziningana.

Yiziphi amahlamvu

Kuye isakhiwo bungabonakala amahlamvu lecondzile nemisho lemagalagala. Simple aqukethe ipuleti eyodwa. ishidi Complex - omunye ukuthi siqukethe amapuleti amaningi. Singasho kuhluka isakhiwo.

Izinhlobo leaf

Kunezinhlobo eziningana. Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza ukuhlukanisa wabayisa zinhlobo zingakhiqiza eziningi amapuleti, ukuma imiphetho amapuleti yakha ishidi. Iza emihlanu izinhlobo.

Leaf ukuma - njengoba kwenzeka

Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo ke:

• ikhanda lomcibisholo;
• okusaqanda;
• okwesongo;
• komugqa;
• amise okwenhliziyo;
• emise okwe-fan (ishidi semi isiyingi);
• wakhomba;
• inaliti;
• nhlonhlo emise (ishidi elingunxantathu, kuvikelwe ukuba isiqu phezulu);
• hastate (spikes ebukhali);
• spatulate;
• Lobed (ishidi ihlukaniswe sebuningini izindwani);
• lanceolate (eside, ishidi ububanzi phakathi);
• obratnolantsetovidnaya (engxenyeni engenhla Ishidi ebanzi kuka phansi);
• obratnoserdtsevidnaya (ishidi inhliziyo-okwenyanga nasezinsikeni stem ekupheleni abukhali);
• rhomboid;
• inhlendla.

Ishidi eziyinkimbinkimbi ungaba ngananoma ngiyiphi amapuleti.

Ifomu amapuleti imiphetho

Lena enye into eyenza kube kungenzeka njani leaf kwakwakhe.

Kuye ukuma emaphethelweni amapuleti Amaqabunga amahlanu izinhlobo:

• toothed;
• crenate;
• serrate;
• ohlehliswe;
• nhlangothi zombili.

Ezinye izinhlobo amahlamvu kwakwakhe

Kuye inani amapuleti ilungiselelo yabo, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo leaf:

• palmate;
• pinnate;
• dvuperistye;
• trifoliate;
• perstonadreznye.

Ngo palmate kwakwakhe eshiya konke amapuleti washintsha eduze engaba kusukela isiqu, efana ukubukeka kwayo izithupha.

amahlamvu Pinnate ube leaf amapuleti ahlelwe eduze stem. Basuke lahlukaniswa izinhlobo: paripinnate futhi pinnate. Ekuqaleni kukhona ipuleti apical, inombolo iphindaphindeke ezimbili. Ngo oyinqaba pinnate ipuleti apical likhona.

Ngo dvuperistyh leaf amapuleti ahlelwe eduze petioles yesibili. Labo, zona exhunywe main.

Trifoliate babe izindwani ezintathu.

Perstonadreznye njengesitsha namahlamvu feathery.

kwakwakhe ishiya - venation zabo

Kukhona izinhlobo zayo ezintathu:

• Parallel. Emithanjeni kukhona ngokulinganayo kusuka base ishidi ukuze imiphetho yayo yonkana plate.
• Arc. Emithanjeni ungahambi kahle, kodwa ngesimo i arc.
• Net. It ihlukaniswe yaba zenyathi ezintathu: osabalalayo, palmate futhi peristonervnoe. Ngezinye osabalalayo venation ishidi has emithanjeni ezintathu ezinkulu okuyinto ukudlulisa kusukela abanye. Palmate libhekene emithanjeni ezingaphezu kwezintathu ayinhloko ahlukaniswe eduze kumila petiole. Lapho peristonervnom ishidi has umthambo olulodwa olukhulu, okuyinto asuke abanye.

Ngokuvamile ishidi eziyinkimbinkimbi has a venation reticulate.

Ukuhlelwa amahlamvu phezu Isiqu

Bobabili amahlamvu lecondzile nemisho lemagalagala zingahlelwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Kukhona izinhlobo ezine zindawo:

• Whorled. Amahlamvu inamathelisiwe ku ezintathu ukuba stem ewumngcingo - whorl. Zingaba cross, isihlobo ngamunye whorl esandulele ijikelezwe 90 degrees. Izitshalo nge amahlamvu enjalo ilungiselelo kukhona elodea, iso likhale sika.
• Rosette. Zonke Amaqabunga ngesikhathi ibambene efanayo futhi wahlela kumbuthano. Lezi enethiwekhi babe agave, Chlorophytum.
• Ngokulandelana (avamile). Amahlamvu inamathelisiwe, elinye libe ngelika-engeyokuqala ngalinye. Kanjeyana they zitholakala endaweni Birch, pelargonium, apula, wavuka.
• Abobulili. Nge lolu hlobo ilungiselelo at engeyokuqala ngamunye sise amashidi ezimbili. engeyokuqala ngamunye ngokuvamile ijikelezwe isihlobo ukuba nakwesandulele ngu-90 degrees. Futhi, kungenziwa amaqabunga ahlelwe imigqa emibili ngaphandle ukujikeleza izakhi. Izibonelo izitshalo nge amahlamvu enjalo ilungiselelo kukhona Mint, jasmine, Lilac, fuchsia, efile-sembabazane.

Okokuqala okubili izinhlobo leaf ilungiselelo ejwayelekile izitshalo namahlamvu elula. Kodwa yokugcina ezimbili izinhlobo bangafaka isicelo amahlamvu kwakwakhe.

izibonelo izitshalo

Manje ake sibheke izinhlobo ezahlukene amaqabunga kwakwakhe, izibonelo. Zikhiphela isamba elanele. Izitshalo namahlamvu eziyinkimbinkimbi kungaba amafomu ukuphila ezahlukene. Kungaba kwezihlahla notshani.

Isimila evame kakhulu nge kwakwakhe ishiya - umlotha. Lo mndeni neminqumo, ekilasini bipartite, uMnyango angiosperms. Sinenkosi kwakwakhe eshiya imparipinnate, kokuba amapuleti eziyisikhombisa nanhlanu. Ifomu esifundeni - igiya. Venation - Mesh. amahlamvu Ash kusetshenziswa imithi njengoba isisu.

Isibonelo esimangalisayo ehlathini ne eziyinkimbinkimbi kusengathiwa amahlamvu raspberry. Lezi zitshalo abe amahlamvu imparipinnate amapuleti ezintathu kuya kweziyisikhombisa ku umoba eside. venation uhlobo - peristonervnoe. Ukuma onqenqemeni ishidi - crenate. amahlamvu okusajingijolo asetshenziswa abantu imithi. Ziqukethe izinto nethonya eqeda ukuvuvukala.

Omunye umuthi kwakwakhe ishiya - Rowan. Ihamba paripinnate wakhe. Inombolo amapuleti - mayelana nanye. Venation - peristonervnoe.

Isibonelo esilandelayo - a clover. It has a amahlamvu eziyinkimbinkimbi trifoliate. Venation clover anezikhala. Ukuma onqenqemeni ishidi - nhlangothi zombili. Ngaphezu kwalokho trifoliate clover kushiya futhi uye bobovnik.

Compound eshiya Ubuye sitshalo Albitius. It has dvuperistye amahlamvu.

Esinye isibonelo isitshalo namahlamvu eziyinkimbinkimbi - ngomuthi. Lokhu ehlathini has a venation reticulate. Ifomu insimu - wonke. Ishidi Uhlobo - dvuperistye. Number plate - kusukela izingcezu nanye.

Esinye isitshalo nge kwakwakhe ishiya - strawberry. Ishidi Uhlobo - trifoliate. Venation - Mesh. Ngayinye yalezi zingxenye ezimbili nazo zisetshenziselwe imithi yokwelapha. Ngokuvamile, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi kanye nezinye izifo semithambo.

isiphetho

Njengoba isiphetho, sethula itafula kufinyeta amaqabunga eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Lapha sahlola isakhiwo iqabunga kwakwakhe, layo izinhlobo, izibonelo izitshalo ukuthi ifa nabo.