Inqubo yemfundo - Iyini? Inqubo Kubaluleka kanye Izindlela

Inqubo imfundo - lena esiteji nzima futhi eside, kuhloswe ngaso ekwakhekeni ubuntu obunobunye. Ukuze uqale ukuthola ukuthi yini igama elithi "pedagogic".

Umsuka wenkulumo ethi

AmaGreki ngokuthi "njengomfundisi" isigqila owayehola ikilasi ingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, libhekisela othisha, othisha, osolwazi abangochwepheshe emkhakheni we pedagogy. Ngokwezwi nezwi ehunyushwa ngokuthi, izwi lisho "detovozhdenie". Inqubo imfundo - ukuthuthukiswa izimfanelo ezithile esizukulwaneni esisha. Kancane kancane, lo definition kwenza izinguquko ezithile, anezele, kodwa incazelo yayo eziyisisekelo aliguquki.

Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka, inqubo yokufunda, imfundo kanye nentuthuko yomuntu siqu akudingi ukucabangela okukhethekile sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi yemvelo sokuba khona kwesintu.

Ekuqaleni, ukubukeka inkampani kwakudingekile ukuze uthumele nakho abanye ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Ngokwesibonelo, amalungu amadala omkhaya awadlulisela esizukulwaneni esisha by lokuqoqa isipiliyoni sabo, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma amathuluzi ahlukahlukene, inhlangano angawendlu.

Njengoba ukukhula komuntu njengoba umuntu eba more xaka njengoba yakhe nakho ekuphileni, olwesimanje izindlela ohlelweni lwezemfundo. Ngenxa uthisha Polish Yanu Amosu Kamensky uvele didactics, okuyinto igatsha ehlukile pedagogy jikelele.

Umlando wezeMfundo

Inqubo ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa elisuka zomlando ezijulile. Ukuze zonke izizukulwane ehambisana izinhloso ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• ufunde isipiliyoni wawoyise;
• uphindaphinde lwazi aluthola;
• ukudlulisa ulwazi inzalo.

Kuphela ngale ndlela can intuthuko emphakathini. Pedagogy - isayensi ukuthi etadisha eziyisisekelo ulwazi ukudluliswa amaphethini lesizukulwane esidala, nokwenziwa isizukulwane yayo ekuphumeni ushintsho. Ezemfundo enqubeni yokufunda kuhloswe yokufuna nakho komphakathi ukuthi kuzodinga ingane yakho ikwazi ukusebenza nokuphila okuvamile.

Kancane kancane umsebenzi pedagogical waqala wehluke sphere ahlukene womsebenzi. Okokuqala, wathwalwa yizingelosi zefilosofi eGrisi lasendulo. Kuyinto kule nkathi zomlando, kwakukhona elithi "isikole", okwakusho yokuzilibazisa ngezinga elingakanani. "Sokuzivocavoca" yaziwa ngokuthi izikole zomphakathi ngokomzimba.

Ekhulwini le-17, imfundo enqubeni yokufunda ikhishwe ibe isayensi. Phakathi nale nkathi, ayenziwa imibono kumigomo yemfundvo e pedagogy Russian. Ngokwesibonelo, Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov sidalwe eziningana izincwadi sekufundzisa lolimi kanye mpendulo.

imikhakha pedagogy

Ekhulwini nesishiyagalombili isayensi Pedagogical isibe legatsha ezimele, esesikhundleni kuncike ayo zokutadisha. Emphakathini wanamuhla, inqubo imfundo - ke izinyathelo ezihlose ukwakheka kanye ekuthuthukiseni abantu ngokuya imfundo yayo, ukuqeqeshwa, ukuqeqeshwa. Indlela ukuhlela le nqubo ezibalulekile futhi banomthelela kulokhu? Lokhu kudinga izindlela ezihlukahlukene yenqubo imfundo.

Phakathi imikhakha eyinhloko pedagogy uthi imfundo, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa.

Inqubo imfundo - ukuthuthukiswa siqu ngaphansi kwethonya izici zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Ukuthuthukiswa senzeka bedle izici zemvelo nezenhlalo.

Izici imfundo

Inqubo imfundo yomuntu ingenye ezibaluleke kakhulu pedagogy. Ngomqondo obanzi, imfundo kuhilela inqubo onenjongo kumiswa amandla ezingokomoya nezingokwenyama ubuntu bakhe, ukuhlakanipha. Lena ukulungiselela ngokugcwele ukuphila, abasebenzi asebenzayo.

Ngomqondo ewumngcingo yemfundo e inqubo kumiswa esizukulwaneni esisha of sengqondo niqaphele ukuba imvelo, kwabanye abantu. Lena inqubo okunenjongo, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho yokufuna kwenzeka ubuntu lezo zakhiwo futhi izimfanelo ehambelana nezidingo zomphakathi ethile.

Ukuthuthukiswa umuntu agcwele kuphela ngokusebenzisa imfundo, ephelezelwa nokudluliswa isipiliyoni yayo, ukuhunyushwa ifa lokhokho.

Ngesisekelo imfundo nokuqeqeshwa

Yiziphi izingxenye ezisemqoka we ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa? Inqubo imfundo umuntu esekelwe amakhono, amakhono, ulwazi. Ziyakwazi ngendlela eliyingqayizivele lokubonakalisa ngokoqobo ngosizo imiqondo, amaqiniso, imithetho, imibono.

Amakhono ezihilela ukuzimisela yalowo muntu ukuzinyeza kanye nokuqalisa izenzo theory ne practical ngesisekelo ukuxhumana kwabantu, ilwazi namakghono atholwe.

Ezemfundo enqubeni kohlelo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa amasu ezikhethekile. umphumela aso angamazinyo amakhono, amakhono, ulwazi, izindlela zokucabanga, okwagcina udla umfundi.

imikhakha Basic Pedagogical

Kubaluleka inqubo imfundo, ezemfundo, ukuthuthukiswa - lawa eziyisisekelo isigaba Pedagogical. Imfundo inqubo self-ukuthuthukiswa, ezihambisana kahle izilinganiso zawo, ulwazi kanye namakhono zokudala. Ezemfundo kungabonwa njengendlela yokudlulisela ufuzo nomphakathi ukuze subsequent zukulwane of isipiliyoni sabo. Inhlangano yenqubo imfundvo isikhungo yesimanje zemfundo elihlobene ne-ukudalwa isimo esivumayo okuhloswe ngalo ukuba kuqeqeshwe kanye emisebenzini yangemva kwesikole.

inqubo Ukufundisa is inyunyana kwemfundo noqeqesho, ngaleyo ndlela ukuqinisekisa lokuqhubeka yamasiko izizukulwane, ukuzimisela muntu ukuze afeze izindima professional kanye nomphakathi.

Umuntu emfundweni eba inani amagugu namasiko kanye nezimilo, okuyinto zivumelana okulindelwe kanye nezintshisekelo zomphakathi. Ezemfundo ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele amakhono abo kanye nezithakazelo ngamunye kuyilungelo eyisisekelo phi ntu.

Umbuso njalo asekelwe imfundo. Esikhathini inqubo yentuthuko bangathonya isizukulwane esisakhulayo ukwakha ukuthuthukiswa avumelanayo ubuntu, ekwazi ukuzuza izwe lakhe.

embili Cultural wukuthi akukho zemvelo ungubani kumiswa ngetenhlalo nemagugu. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa okunenjongo nemfundo asemasha.

Njengoba umfundisi inkulumo ethi "imfundo" olwaqala ngo ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalombili, Johann Genrihom Pestalotstsi.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside le nqubo kubhekwa njengento isamba amakhono, ulwazi, kanye namakhono ezidingekayo ukuze ukuqaliswa nemisebenti lephatsekako. Okwamanje ukugxila komphakathi nokushintshwa qualitative ambalwa ngokwamagugu, imikghwa, izinkolelo, izimfanelo zokuziphatha latawudzingeka ezidingekayo for esizukulwaneni esisha okuzivumelanisa yimpumelelo kuya isimo senhlalo.

imfundo yesimanje

Namuhla, isayensi efundisa iphathwa njengoba abanye uhlelo kwala maphuzu ngabanye: inqubo, umphumela. Classical imfundo didactics ukunika izici ezine: Uhlelo, iqoqo, ukubaluleka, ukusebenza.

Inani izici iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: imfundo njengoba, siqu, ukubaluleka komphakathi umphakathi. Uma imfundo kuhlanganisa ukufunda nokubhala, zamakhono lochwepheshe, isimo sengqondo, uqeqesho obunezimfanelo esithile sokuziphatha.

Umqondo izindlela zokufundisa

Kunzima futhi ashukumisayo inqubo zokufundisa kwenza othisha ukuxazulula eziningi imisebenzi zakudala futhi engavamile zemfundo ezihlobene ekuthuthukiseni avumelanayo ubuntu. Sinenkosi angaziwa eziningana, futhi isinqumo ngempumelelo nezinkinga uthisha kufanele ifa amasu zemfundo.

Zakhiwa ezihlukahlukene amasu ukuthi kuyasebenzisana nomunye. Ngokwesibonelo, kumiswa zengqondo, izinkolelo usebenzisa ingxoxo classical.

izindlela imfundo

Esikhathini pedagogy yasekhaya zingabantu imisebenzi ethize kanye nokuxhumana educability uthisha, ancike ngenhloso ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Izimali izinjongo isiko ezingokomoya nezingokwenyama, isicelo ekuxazululeni izinkinga zemfundo.

izindlela imfundo izindlela ezithile ukuthonya ukuziphatha, imizwa kanye abalazi izingane inqubo bazilungiselele komphakathi.

Ukuze ukwakheka imiqondo yezingane, ukwahlulelwa, izinkolelo uthisha unikeza izinkulumo, izinkulumo, izingxoxo kanye nezinkulumo-mpikiswano.

kwakhiwa Experience ukuziphatha phakathi imidlalo indima-ukudlala, kanye ukusebenza oda angawodwana okunikezwa uthisha nengane.

Kutihlola nekuhlolana, umsebenzi self-inkanuko, uthisha ngenkuthalo ukusebenzisa kwezijeziso nemivuzo, imiqhudelwano kanye imincintiswano.

Imisebenzi engokomoya okuhloswe ngazo kuvisisa wokuphila, kudalwa isikhundla zokuziphatha mayelana nale ndaba, ukwakheka wakhe umbono abanawo emhlabeni wonke, wenziwa Okusondele kakhulu inqubo yokufuna ulwazi lwesayensi. Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa nesisusa, ukuziphatha bayazi ku pedagogy yasekhaya esetshenziswa reception isibonelo siqu.

Sikhetha ezinye izindlela ukuqeqeshwa ukuthi kube nomthelela esiphezulu.

Ukusebenzisa imifanekiso izindaba, tifanisongco, ingxoxo bobungani kanye mpikiswano, Improvisation ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene, uthisha kancane kancane yakha uhlelo eziyisisekelo yamanani abafundi bayo.

Ngemva isingeniso izikhungo zemfundo amazinga kahulumeni kwesizukulwane sama uthisha wesibili waqala ngonanzelelo amaphrojekthi ngokuhlanganyela lokudala, okuvumela hhayi kuphela ukuqeqesha kodwa futhi ukufundisa wonke amalungu eqembu lomsebenzi.

Ukwahlukanisa izindlela zokufundisa

Ezincwadini Pedagogical uchaza ongakhetha ahlukahlukene ukuthi lizodla noma yimiphi imigomo kanye nezimpokophelo ezifanayo. Ngu ubunjalo sabo umsebenzi, ikhono lokukholisa, isijeziso, isikhuthazo. Njengoba isici jikelele ukhonza ukuhlola kwebafundzi umsebenzi.

amakilasi ezimbili zezindlela zemfundo kuqokonyiswa imiphumela umthelela:

• amathonya ukudala akubangelwanga izisusa zokuziphatha okuhle, izimo zengqondo, ubudlelwano, Imibono, imiqondo;
• amathonya ichaze uhlobo oluthile lokuziphatha.

Injongo kakhulu futhi ngezigaba elula kunazo cabanga izindlela wokufundisa orientation. Lesi sici Integrative, okubandakanya okunenjongo, okubhekiswe, ohlangothini zenqubo yemfundo:

• kumiswa ukwazi siqu;
• Inhlangano isipiliyoni social ukuziphatha;
• umsebenzi emnandi.

zingase zimiswe Consciousness ngesikhathi izinkulumo thematic nesezingeni izingxoxo, izindaba, imibiko, sithangami. Ukuze ukushukuma (ugqozi) umsebenzi ezimele abafundi othisha ngenkuthalo usebenzisa izimpawu isistimu.

Ake sixoxe ngezinye izindlela kumiswa ukwazi siqu. Hhayi inkolelo ophikelelayo, kodwa izenzo yangempela nezenzo libhekene imikhuba abafundi yesimanje. Yingakho at inhliziyo inqubo yemfundo kuyinto komphakathi.

Othisha bazama ukuhlanganisa amasu theory ne practical ukufeza imiphumela elilungile. Phakathi eziseqhulwini imfundo yesimanje uhola kumiswa umuzwa ubuzwe uthando ngoba izwe bomdabu, izindinganiso zemikhaya.

Ukukholisa kuyinto nomphumela eyodwa emaceleni phezu nemisebenti lephatsekako kwezingane. Ukwengamela ngempumelelo zemfundo indlela thishela uyazicabangela izinyathelo abafundi ngesikhathi ukusebenza phezu izigaba ngazinye, imisebenzi ezincane.

Ukuze ukwakheka sengqondo niqaphele ukuba isiko ezweni lakubo, izindinganiso zemikhaya kumelwe lisetshenziswe umsebenzi yisisikiselo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izibonelo isiko kwezobuciko, ujwayeze abafundi baba abantu abakahle kakhulu kwalesi sigodi, amadolobha namadolobhana, izwe.

Thishela kumele ukwakha uchungechunge ecacile futhi ukungaguquguquki ekusebenziseni isinyathelo, waqondisa imisebenzi zokufundisa umuzwa wabo ezivamile, esekelwe ukuhleleka emphakathini. Thishela uzama ukubhekana hhayi kuphela imizwa umfundi, kodwa futhi ukuba ezingqondweni zabo.

Isifundo kuyinto enemininingwane, ngasekelwa, nokuchaza esihleliwe ngokuyisisekelo a imfundo, isayensi, izinkinga ikakhulukazi kwezemfundo. Kusekelwe nje okungaqondile wezenzo impahla theory nobe kwenta. Isifundo kuhambisana ngemifanekiso, izethulo, izingxoxo izakhi.

Umbango lihlukile izinkulumo nezingxoxo kungenzeka abafundi ukuveza isikhundla sabo ucabangele le nkinga.

Lokho mpikiswano ivumela asemasha ukuba bathole ulwazi sivikele iphuzu siqu buka, isikhundla agumenti, ukugcina izimiso ingxoxo.

Phakathi okukhethwa ithonya zemfundo ku-ke isizukulwane esisha Kumele kuqashelwe isifiso izingane ukulingisa. Ukubuka abazali babo, othisha, nezingane zakini ezindala, izingane ukuthuthukisa uhlelo abo yamanani. Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa ukukhuthala, ukushisekela ubuzwe, nokuziphatha okusezingeni eliphezulu, kuyimfanelo ukwethembeka, phambi kwamehlo umfundi kufanele abe isibonelo esakhayo siqu uthisha noma uthisha.

Ukuze ukwakheka nakho kokuziphatha kudingeka uvivinye umzimba. Ahlanganisa ukubulawa ehlelekile futhi esihleliwe abafundi imisebenzi ahlukahlukene, imiyalelo esisebenzayo okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukiswa siqu.

Isikole kuyinto ukuqaliswa ehlelekile neqhubekayo yezenzo ezithile ezihlose ukwakha imikhuba emihle. Phakathi nenqubo ukuqeqeshwa it is ezalethwa ukwenza ukuzivocavoca ekhethekile, futhi umsebenzi wokufundisa kuhilela ukufaka ekusebenzeni le oda okuhlotshaniswa imvelo nomphakathi.

isiphetho

Izifundo ukuqinisekisa ukuphumelela ukusetshenziswa emfundweni esizukulwaneni esisha of imincintiswano ehlukahlukene. Intsha yanamuhla libhekene ukuvikela amalungelo abathengi, ukuthi inomphumela omubi ohlelweni yamanani. Ukuze ugweme indlela enjalo yokuhlaziya isimo, uMnyango Wezemfundo olwenziwe sesimanje izikhungo yesimanje zemfundo.

Okwamanje, le nkampani unaka ngokukhethekile ukuba ephezulu grade imisebenzi abafundi yangemva kwesikole, ukudalwa ezengeziwe ezigabeni ezemidlalo nemibuthano bokusungula. Kuphela indlela olunzulu ukuze inqubo yemfundo, uqeqesho, ukuthuthukiswa kungalindeleka ngokuba ukuqaliswa kwe-oda yomphakathi - kumiswa ubuntu ngokuvumelanayo athuthukile.

Othisha baqonde ukubaluleka kwenqubo ezemfundo, ngakho emsebenzini wabo, ziqondiswe izindlela eziphumelelayo futhi amasu okuhloswe ngaso imfundo asemasha.