Ubani okufanele aphathiswe imali yokulondoloza impesheni? Isilinganiso semali yesempesheni

Isikhathi esithile manje, wonke amaRashiya anelungelo lokulahla imali yakhe yokuguga, okungukuthi: ukushiya ingxenye yempesheni, ebizwa ngokuthi oxhaswe ngemali, esikhwameni sesempesheni sombuso noma ukubeka imali yokuthola inkampani yangasese. Njengomthetho, inzuzo iphakeme kunezimali ezingezona zombuso. Kodwa izakhamizi eziningi azishesha ukuthembela ukuqoqwa kwezinkampani ezinjalo.

Okwenza Kudingeka Ukwazi

Okokuqala, ezingqondweni zabaseRussia abaningi, umbuso kusho ukuzinza. Futhi amafemu ezizimele ezivela ezinamba eziningi azikhuthazi ukuzethemba. Okwesibili, kunezinguquko eziningi kule nkambiso yezomthetho kangangokuthi ngezinye izikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukuzilandela, ngakho-ke abahola impesheni esikhathini esizayo banquma ukushiya konke njengoba kunjalo. Okwesithathu, ngenxa yomkhuba wokuhlehlisela konke okwesikhashana noma ukucabanga ngokuthi "mhlawumbe", abantu bamane nje ababheki nalezi zinkinga. Izakhamuzi ezincane zokusebenza zibhekwa ngombono wokuthi "kuze kube yilapho usuhlala umhlalaphansi usadinga ukuhlala." Nakuba isikhathi sidlula ngokushesha, nomzuzwana wokuthatha umhlalaphansi - hhayi kude.

Ukuthandwa kwezimali zempesheni

Uma benquma ukulahla imali yabo ngokwabo futhi babanikeze inkampani yangasese, umuntu kufanele aqale atadishe ukulinganisa kwenzuzo yezimali ezingezona zombuso zempesheni. Namuhla, ulwazi olunjalo lungatholakala ezincwadini eziningi. Yile ndlela ukukala kwezimali zempesheni ka-2013 kubukeka ngayo, ngokusho komunye wabo. Izinkampani ezibambe iqhaza ekuqhathaniseni zihlolwe ngokuya kwezinga lokubuyiselwa kokutshalwa kwezimali. Indawo yokuqala ibanjwe yi-NPF "Transneft" ngephuzu lephesenti lika-16.9%. Isiliva sithola inkampani ngegama elibizwa ngokuthi "Welfare". Isikhwama sembonini yamandla sivala nabaholi abathathu abaphezulu ngokubuyisela okungu-10.9% ekutshalweni kwezimali. Indawo yesine ingeNPF Lukoil-guarantor, endaweni yesihlanu - i-APF i-Sberbank enezivuno ezingu-9.26%. I-ejensi yokulinganisa "Uchwepheshe we-RA", owenza ucwaningo lwezenzo zezinkampani, ubeka indawo yesithupha eNorilsk Nickel ene-numeric index ye-9.3% ngonyaka. Ukulinganisa kwezimali ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni zempesheni yaseRussia "Surgutneftegaz", "Telecom-Soyuz", "Gazfond" ne-VTB "IsiKhwama sePensheni" ivaliwe.

Ezinye izinkomba zokusebenza zezinkampani

Ukulinganisa kwangaphambilini kwezimali zempesheni kwahlanganiswa ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kwezinga lokubuyiselwa kwezimali, okuwukuthi, ukuphumelela kokulahlwa kwemali yempesheni. Kodwa kunezinye izindlela zokuhlaziya umsebenzi wenkampani. Isibonelo, ukulinganisa okuthembekile kwezimali zempesheni. Le nkomba inezinhlobo ezintathu: izinga eliphakeme lokuthembeka, eliphakeme kakhulu futhi eliphakeme. Izilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu ngokulinganisa okuthembekile ngo-2013, ngokusho kwe-National Rating Agency, zathola imali: "Inhlalakahle", "KIT Finance", "Sberbank", amandla kagesi e-NPF. Lezi yizinkampani ukuthi, ngisho nasezimweni zomnotho ezishintshayo njalo ezingathandeki, zigcina izibopho zabo. Isilinganiso se-niche esilinganisweni "esithembekile" sithathwe ngu: Neftegarant, Steelfund, Sberfond RESO, Trust, Uralsib. Ukulinganisa kwezimali zempesheni kuqediwe, ngokusho kweNational Agency efanayo, izimali ezinezinga eliphakeme lokuthembeka - uBlagovest noVneshpromgarant.

Imigomo eyengeziwe yokukhetha ama-APF

Kodwa-ke, akukona nje ukuthi ukukala kwezimali zempesheni kuthatha isinqumo ngokukhetha lokhu noma leyo nkampani. Kudingekile ukuthola ukuthi ukhona isikhathi eside kangakanani. Njengomthetho, omdala, ukuthembela okuningi okukufanele. Izimali zempesheni ziphoqelekile ukuthola ilayisense ngaphambi kokuqala imisebenzi yazo. Lawa malayisensi akhishwa isikhathi esithile, kodwa kukhona futhi okuphakade. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuhloleni ukusebenza kwezimali ezizimele, izinkomba ezifana nokulondolozwa kwempesheni, izimali zempesheni ezakha impahla yenkampani ziyacatshangelwa. Imigomo yokusebenza kwe-APF ethize iyinani lamaklayenti abamba iqhaza ohlelweni lomshwalense oluphoqelekile, kanye nalabo abanikeze imali yabo yokugcina imali empilweni. Eziphakeme lezo noma ezinye izinkomba, isizathu esiningi sokwethemba isikhwama esikhethiwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza kwezinkampani kunesifiso sokuqondiswa idatha iminyaka eminingana, hhayi ngonyaka owodwa.

Iziqinisekiso

Umsebenzi wezimali zezohwebo ulawulwa ngumthetho wamanje waseRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2012, ngemuva kokwamukelwa kwemithethonqubo efanele, inani lezimali ezingekho ngaphansi kombuso zempesheni lawela ngesigamu futhi lalinganiselwa kukhulu. Ukuhlala ngokuyinhloko izinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu. Ukulawulwa kombuso kumafemu anjalo kuyaba nzima ngonyaka nonyaka. Ngakho abaseRussia abakwazi ukwesaba imali yabo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukubekwa kwezimali zempesheni kungashintshwa kanye ngonyaka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubhala isicelo kwiBhodi Yesikhwama SePensheni. Phakathi kwempesheni yomhlalaphansi kanye ne-firm is isivumelwano, okuyinto futhi isiqinisekiso sokuthi ubuqotho bobuhlobo bukhona. Into eyinhloko ukuthatha ingxenye esebenzayo ekwakheni ipensheni yakho yesikhathi esizayo namhlanje. Ukuze uthole okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle, ukuthola inkokhelo ngemali edingekayo esikhwameni sesempesheni futhi kunenzuzo ukubeka ingxenye yokuqoqwa kwempesheni kwimali engenayo.