Isilinganiso sezinkampani zomshuwalense. Izinkampani zomshuwalense: ukulinganiswa kokuthembeka

E-Russian Federation, njengalawo wonke owayekade eseSoviet Union, umshuwalense uyingqayizivele. Okwenzekile akucaci. Mhlawumbe, ngenxa yengqondo yabaseSlav, abahlala benethemba lokuhle futhi besaba ukukhathazeka ngaphambi kwabo.

Emazweni amaningi eYurophu, i-United States of America namanye amazwe athuthukile, inkinga yesidingo somshuwalense ihluke kakhulu. Kuleli zwe sekuye kwaqondakala isikhathi eside ukuthi, noma ngabe siyayithanda noma cha, kuhlale kunokwenzeka ingozi, ukugula, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungcono ukuziqinisa wena nabathandekayo bakho kunokuba ungene esimweni esinzima sezezimali.

Kuthiwa futhi izinkampani zomshuwalense obuthakathaka zisebenza emakethe yaseRussia, ukulinganisa okuthembekile okushiya okufisa ukufunwa. Ngakho noma cha, sizohlaziya kamuva esihlokweni.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomshuwalense?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zomshuwalense. Ingahlukaniswa ibe yimpahla yomuntu siqu. Iqembu lokuqala lihlanganisa nezinsizakalo ezinjalo ezihlotshaniswa nempilo yomuntu: impilo, impilo, ingozi, ezokwelapha nabanye. Iqembu lesibili lihlanganisa zonke lezo zinsuku ezihlobene nezithakazelo zomhlaba zabantu: ingcebo, umshuwalense wemoto, ukuthenga nabanye.

Kukhona futhi izinsizakalo zomshuwalense ezinikezwa izinhlangano zomthetho: umshuwalense wokuthengiselana, imikhiqizo, ukuthengisa nabanye abaningi.

Uma umuntu ekhetha ukuziqinisekisa, ubhekana nenkinga yokukhetha inkampani yomshuwalense engakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakhe futhi inikeze izinsizakalo ezidingekayo.

Iyini isilinganiso sezinkampani zomshuwalense?

Imakethe igcwele izinkampani ezihlukahlukene ezihlinzeka ngemisebenzi yomshuwalense, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukukhetha ukuthi ubani ongcono. Ngokwesibonelo, imali eningi isetshenziselwa ukuzithuthukisa izinkampani zomshuwalense eMoscow. Ukulinganisa, ngenxa yalokhu, kuthuthukiswa ngenxa yokwanda kokugeleza kwamakhasimende. Kodwa ingabe lokhu kuyoba ukubonisa ngokugcwele kwezinga langempela lokuthembeka kwe-insurer?

Enkampanini yomshuwalense, mhlawumbe, akukho okubaluleke nakakhulu ku-insurer, njengegama eliphakeme kakhulu emakethe yezinsizakalo ezinikeziwe. Uma inkampani ingekho ekuzwa, izinsizakalo zayo zizosetshenziselwa amakhasimende amadala kuphela, asebevele eqotho kuwo.

Izinga lenkonzo alidlala indima encane

Ngaphezu kwalokho, impendulo emihle yabantu ibaluleke kakhulu. Izazi zengqondo ngokuvamile zithi ikhasimende eliyanelisayo lizoncoma ukuthi liqinile kubangani abangu-2-3, futhi umuntu odidekile uzotshela abantu abangu-10 noma ngaphezulu ngokuthi ngabe inhlangano iyenze kabi kangakanani. Ngakho-ke endabeni yokusebenza okuhle, bonke ababhalisi kufanele baqhubeke ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

Kukhona ezinye izindlela eziningi ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo kwenkampani yomshuwalense emakethe yokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zomshuwalense wezingozi ezehlukene.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yiyiphi i-insurers engumholi emakethe, futhi ngubani olahlekile, ongafanele uthintane naye, isilinganiselwa sezinkampani zomshuwalense senziwa.

Ngosizo lwesilinganiso esinjalo, kungenzeka ukhethe kalula inkampani yomshuwalense efanele futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ufeza izibopho zayo ngaphandle kwemigodi.

Yiziphi izinqubo ezinikezwe ukunakwa okubanzi ekuhlolweni?

Ukuze uthole izinkampanini ezinhle kakhulu zomshuwalense eMoscow, ukulinganisa kufanele kubalwe ngokucophelela, kucatshangelwe zonke izinkomba ezikhona. Kufanele babonise izinga le-solvency yenkampani yomshuwalense, ukuzinza kobudlelwane bayo bebhizinisi, ukutholakala kwezibopho zezikweletu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinga lezinkokhelo zomshuwalense, isakhiwo sephothifoliyo yekhasimende, kanye nezinye izinkomba zezimali ezizosiza ukubona izinga lokuzinza kanye nesimo sezimali yenkampani yomshuwalense.

Ngokuvamile, ukulinganisa kwezinkampani zomshuwalense kuhlanganiswa ngesisekelo sokuhlaziywa kwamaqembu ezinkomba ezilandelayo:

1. Izinkomba zokuzinza kwangaphandle.
2. Iphothifoliyo.
3. Izinkomba zezimali.

Ake sicabangele iqembu ngalinye lezizinkomba ezinjalo.

Izinkomba zokuzinza zangaphandle

Ukuhlaziya izinkomba zokuzinza kwangaphandle, cabangela ukuhamba kwempahla, isakhiwo sabo kanye nezindlela zokushintsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lenhloko-dolobha egunyaziwe libhekwa, kanye nenani lemali ye-premium yomshuwalense.

Ukuhlaziywa kuzoba nokubaluleka kokubambisana lapho inkampani ihlelwe khona, isikhundla sayo emakethe, ubudlelwane bayo nezindikimba zokulawula isimo kanye nokusebenza kwabasebenzi bokuphatha.

Ukuhlaziya lezi zinkomba, kubalulekile ukucabangela isakhiwo sokuphatha somshuwalense, kanye namakhono ayo ezimali.

Uma ucabangela ukuzinza kwangaphandle, uthola iziphetho egatsheni ngalinye lesifunda le nkampani yomshuwalense: inzuzo nokulahlekelwa kwayo, indawo emakethe yendawo yemisebenzi yomshuwalense. Futhi ukulinganisa kwezinkampani zomshuwalense eMoscow kungahluke kakhulu ezikhundleni izinkampani ezihlala kwezinye izindawo. Ngemuva kwalokho, yonke idolobha linenani layo lemali engenayo, eliboniswa yizinga le-solvency.

Iphothifoliyo

Ukufunda iphothifoliyo yomshuwalense, udinga ukuqonda isakhiwo senkampani yomshuwalense. Kubalulekile ukunquma indlela inzuzo ngayinye uhlobo lomshwalense kanye nenani lezingozi ezikhona.

Idatha etholakalayo iqhathaniswa nesisekelo sekhasimende. Inombolo, isakhiwo kanye ne-dynamics ye-portfolio yamakhasimende zihlaziywa. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi inzuzo yenkampani yomshuwalense ingamakhasimende angamanje, yiliphi izinga lokusebenza elithathwa ngabashuwalense abangunaphakade, nokuthi kubonakala kanjani izinkontileka ezintsha zomshuwalense.

Inqubomgomo elandelwa inkampani yomshuwalense ngaphakathi kohlaka lokuvuselela ibalulekile futhi. Ingabe izingozi ezinkulu eziqinisekiswe ukuthi zingaholela ezingeni eliphakeme lokukhokhelwa yomshuwalense. Izinga eliphezulu lezinkokhelo zomshuwalense liqhathaniswa nenani lemali eyakho.

Izinkomba zezimali

Izinkomba zezimali zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu.

1. Izikhombisi zokuthengiswa kwemali kanye ne-solvency.

Ukuhlaziywa kwamazinga ahlukene e-liquidity yenkampani kubonisa ukuthi uzokwazi kanjani ukukhokha izikweleti zakhe masinyane uma kwenzeka ukuthi bonke abakweleta badinga ukubuyiselwa kwemali yabo. Izinkomba ze-Solvency zibonisa isidingo sekhampani yomshuwalense ekudoneni imali eyengeziwe evela ngaphandle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlelwa kwama-akhawunti okukhokhwa kuhlaziywa, okwenza kucaciswe izizathu zalokho okukhona kanye nemigomo edingekayo ukuze kubuyiselwe imali egcwele. Futhi, i-solvency ne-solvency coefficient ibalwa.

2. Izinkomba zokuzuza nokulahlekelwa.

Izinkomba zokuzuza kwezimpahla zisiza ukunquma izinga lenzuzo yenkampani ngenkonzo eyodwa eyenziwe. Ukubalwa kwamanani okulinganisa kwenza ukuba kulinganise izinga lezindleko umgcinimafa achitha ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yayo. Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa ngokwanele kwemali engenayo yenkampani yomshuwalense eyothola izinkokhelo zomshuwalense, kanye nokufaka izindleko zayo zokusebenza, ukuqhuba ibhizinisi.

3. Izinkomba zenqubomgomo yokutshala izimali.

Ngosizo lwezinkomba ezifanele, ukuthuthukiswa kwenkampani yomshuwalense, inzuzo yokutshalwa kwemali ihlolwe, futhi ithonya lalezo zigaba zomsebenzi lapho kusetshenziselwa ukulungiswa khona kuhlaziywa.

Akunakwenzeka ukuqondiswa kuphela ngombono womphakathi

Ukulinganisa kwezinkampani zomshuwalense kubangelwa ukubalwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, okufaka cishe zonke izinkomba ongazithola kuphela ngokulinganisa kwenkampani yomshuwalense. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ochwepheshe.

Ukubuza abantu mayelana nemibono yabo mayelana nezinsizakalo zale nkampani noma yinkampani yomshuwalense yinto eyingxenye eyingxenye yenqubo ende futhi echitha isikhathi okumelwe yenziwe ukuze kutholakale ukulinganiswa komgomo ngempela.

Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuxoxisana inethonya elikhulu emiphumeleni yenziwa ngumuntu wesici. Abantu bathambekele ekuthonyeni ukukhangisa, imibono ebekiwe. Okusho ukuthi, ukuhlaziya izinkampani zomshuwalense, ukulinganisa kwabantu akufanele kuthathwe njengowodwa kuphela weqiniso.

Ikhamphani yomshuwalense kungenzeka ukuthi ayiyona into engcono kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yamaphephandaba, omagazini, ithelevishini namanye amasu wokumaketha, abantu bangase babe nombono wamanga mayelana nokuthembeka kwayo.

Ngaphambi kweziphi iziphetho kubalulekile ukuhlaziya zonke izinkampani zomshuwalense ngendlela efanele. Isilinganiso sokuthenjelwa, esakhiwe ngesisekelo sezinkomba ezifanele, sikwazi ukucacisa kahle abaholi bemakethe.

Cabanga ukuthi izinkampani zomshuwalense zaphela kanjani ngonyaka odlule futhi zaphela ku-TOP.

Isilinganiso sezinkampani zomshuwalense ngemiphumela ka-2014

Ukuhlaziya imiphumela eyenziwa yizinkampani zomshuwalense ngo-2014, singaphetha ngokuthi ngonyaka odlule kuye kwaba nzima kuyo yonke imakethe yomshuwalense. Kwakungekho izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhawulo emalini engenayo, ushintsho olubukhali ezikhundleni uma kuqhathaniswa nokulinganisa kuka-2013.

Uma siqhathanisa umthamo wemishanguzo yeminshuwalense etholakale (imali ekhokhwa ngabanikazi bezinqubomgomo), abaholi abathathu ababonisa ukuthi imiphumela emihle emakethe yaseRussia yahlala enkundleni.

Indawo yokuqala yathathwa yinkampani yomshuwalense uRosgosstrakh, owathola ama-ruble angu-105.2 billion. Owesibili yi-SOGAZ enenzuzo ye-ruble engu-105.2 billion, no-Ingosstrakh, okwazi ukuqoqa amaphrimiyamu omshwalense enani lama-ruble angu-65.8 wezigidigidi, endaweni yesithathu.

Uma sihlaziya isakhiwo semali yabo, singaphetha ngokuthi imali enkulu kakhulu ivela esiphethweni sezinkontileka zemishwalense yempahla yokuzithandela.

Ngokwenkokhelo yokukhokha, okuyinto yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinkampanini zomshuwalense, abaholi abathathu bahlala befana. Inkampani yomshuwalense uRosgosstrakh isendaweni yokuqala ngokukhokha, eyakhokhela umonakalo wezinhlamvu ezingu-55.1 billion. Endaweni yesibili nowesithathu, ngokulandelana, i-Ingosstrakh ne-SOGAZ.

Uma sicabangela ivolumu yokukhokha maqondana ne-premium yomshuwalense otholiwe, okokuqala kuyoba yi-IC Alliance, i-Ingosstrakh, ne-IC Soglasie.

Ngo-2014, inkampani yomshuwalense i-Rosgosstrakh ihola ngokulandela inani lezivumelwano eziphelile. Akunandaba noma kunjalo, wakwazi ukuwaphetha ngokulingana kwama-unit angu-34.5 million. Esikhathini sesibili yi-AlfaStrakhovanie, eyagcina izivumelwano eziyizigidi ezingu-11.8. Indawo yesithathu ithathwe yinkampani yomshuwalense i-RESO-Garantia, eyaphetha izivumelwano ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-8.4.

Kuthiwani ngo-2015 manje nokuthi yiziphi izibikezelo?

Ochwepheshe babhala ukwehla okukhulu emisebenzini yamakhasimende. Bahlanganisa lesi simo ngokuwohloka komnotho nokuwa kweGDP. Ngempela, ukwehliswa kwe-ruble kuye kwathinta kakhulu iphaketheni labahlali abajwayelekile kanye nezakhiwo ezahlukene zebhizinisi ezidinga ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo evela phesheya.

Ngokwezibikezelo, izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zemisebenzi yomshuwalense izokwazi ukusekela ngo-2015 ukulinganisa kwezinkampani zomshuwalense: impilo kanye ne-OSAGO.

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi imakethe izomncane, futhi izinkampani ezinkulu zilungele ukudlala kwasekuseni ngamafemu amancane anikezela ngemisebenzi yomshuwalense. Okusho ukuthi kukhona ukuthambekela kokukhuliswa kwemakethe ngenxa yokungenisa izinkampani.

Lokhu, isibonelo, kuboniswa uhlobo lomshwalense, njenge-OSAGO. Ukulinganisa kwenkampanhla yomshuwalense i-Rosgosstrakh engxenyeni yokuqala yalolu nyaka kulezi zinsizakalo zemishuwalense yanda ngokuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2014. Uma ngonyaka odlule isabelo senkampani enomshuwalense ophoqelekile wecala lokushayela umshayeli kwaba ngu-29.5%, manje kakade manje sekudlula u-36%.

Futhi uma sihlaziya ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zomshwalense we-TPL oyimpoqo, ukulinganisa kwenkampani yomshuwalense i-SK RESO-Garantia nayo ithuthukile. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2015 yakwazi ukwandisa inani lemali ekhokhwa yi-48.5%.

Ngo-2015, imakethe ivame ukukhuliswa

Ngokomphumela wesigamu sokuqala sonyaka, ingxenye yamakethe yomshuwalense, ezinkampanini eziyishumi eziphezulu, yanda ibe ngu-77%, futhi ibonisa ukwandiswa kwemakethe.

Uma ufuna ukuqonda ukuthi kufanele ubambisane nomshuwalense othile, kungcono ukuthola ukulinganisa kwakhe. Izinkampani zomshuwalense waseSt. Petersburg noma inhloko-dolobha zingase zibe nezinkokhelo ezihlukahlukene eziqoqwe ngenxa yezikhundla ezihlukene zesifunda ezikhomba izinga jikelele lokugeleza kwamakhasimende. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlaziywa ngokucophelela kokuhlaziywa kuzosiza ukucabangela lesi simo futhi uqonde ukuthi iyiphi inkampani yomshuwalense okulungile kuwe.