Cuckoo hen: incazelo, isithombe. Kungani futhi i-cuckoo ibeka amaqanda kuziphi izidleke?

Lesi sihloko sizokutshela ngenyoni engavamile, ehlukile kwezinye izinyoni ekuziphatheni kwayo okungavamile. Le cuckoo, eyaziwa ukuthi ibeka amaqanda ayo noma iphonsa ezitsheni zezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni.

Kuvela ukuthi izilwane zakhe zondla kakhulu izilwane, "abazali" abakhulu. Lokhu kuziphatha kubizwa ngokuthi i-nesting parasitism. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngayinye yalezi zinyoni iphonsa amaqanda ayo ezihlahleni zezinhlobo zezinyoni ezazondliwa nguye.

Mayelana nokuzikhethela kwabo, mayelana nalokho okuhlala khona i-cuckoo ibeka amaqanda nokuthi yiziphi izinkukhu zazo, lokho abakudlayo, ungathola ngokufunda lesi sihloko. Kodwa okokuqala masinike ulwazi olujwayelekile ngabo.

Abaningi bayazi ukuthi zonke izinkathazo mayelana nezingane zabo i-cuckoo-females zishintshela kwamanye amahlombe abantu, uma ungakusho kanjalo, kunomkhawulo wokuthola izidleke ezenziwe ngomumo futhi zifake amaqanda azo kuzo.

I-cuckoo yomntwana ibizwa kanjani? Cuckoo. Lona ngaye futhi uzokwaziswa kulesi sihloko.

Ulwazi jikelele mayelana ne-cuckoo

Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-cuckoo ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu. Eziningi zezinyoni, ezivela emndenini we-cuckoo, isisindo asifinyeleli amagremu angu-100, futhi ubude bomzimba abuyizingqimba ezingamashumi amane.

Kodwa kubo bonke abameleli balo mndeni ubonakala ngokuba khona komsila omude kakhulu, amapayipi anamandla kanye nesiqu esincane. Futhi inqwaba, njengoba umthetho, ayifani nokubala okugqamile ngokukhethekile. Futhi i-dimorphism yezocansi embala noma ihlelwe kahle, noma ingekho.

Awekho ama-cuckoos kuphela e-Arctic nase-Antarctic. Futhi ngokuvamile, indawo yokusabalalisa yobubanzi bawo emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi bathandana namazwe afudumele. Ezinye zezilwane ezihlala ezindaweni ezifudumele zihamba ngokufuduka, kanti ezinye zihlala phansi.

Incazelo

Ngaphambi kokuba sithole ukuthi inkukhu ye-cuckoo ingubani, ake sikhulume abazali bakhe.

Ubukhulu be-cuckoo buncane kakhulu kune-pigeon. Abesilisa nabaningi besifazane banombala obomvu obomvu nomzimba ophezulu. Okuphansi kunombala onemibala (uhlobo lwe "hawk"). Kunezinsikazi ezinemibala ebomvu emzimbeni ophezulu. Umsila usufike isikhathi eside - ufinyelela kumamitha angu-19 kuya kwangu-19, futhi amaphiko akhula abe ngamasentimitha angu-20-30. Kulokhu, i-cuckoo ibonakala iyinyoni enkulu, ikakhulukazi endizeni. Eqinisweni, kuncane, futhi isisindo sayo singama-gramu angu-120 kuphela (esiphezulu).

Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngokuthi yini inkukhu ye-cuckoo (bheka isithombe ngezansi), bheka kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Kukholelwa ukuthi i-cuckoo iyinyoni ephakathi nendawo: izinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke zihamba kancane kunomdlunkulu, futhi ezinkulu zifana nezimpukane. Zinezintambo eziqinile ezihambisana kahle nomzimba. Kodwa i-fluff ayikho kahle.

Izimpaphe eziphakanyisiwe zemibala kulezi zinyoni zakha "amabhulukwe" ajwayelekile. Amaphiko eningi labameleli bomndeni asele eside futhi abukhali (i-mahogo primaire kuphela engu-10, okude kakhulu kunayo yesithathu).

Umsila omude owandulele unomthetho, amaphiko angu-10 okuqondisa. Izinyawo ezinezintambo ezine-cuckoo zifushane.

I-cuckoo encane (izinkukhu) ezivela ezihlotsheni zayo zakudala ihluke ngombala obomvu kakhulu engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba, ngokuvamile ephethe ama-red-red red band. Umsila useduze ne-cuckoo enephuzu elimhlophe, kuyilapho abesifazane abomvu benomphetho omnyama eceleni.

Kuzwakala ukuthi owesilisa ushicilela ngesimo esithi "ku-ku", ngezinye izikhathi aphenduke ukuhleka okungenangqondo. Kwabesifazane, umsindo we-sonorous we "kli-kli-kli" uwuphawu. Ngokuvamile izikhumba ze-cuckoo azikho izikhathi ezingaphezu kweshumi ngokulandelana.

Mayelana nezinhlobo

Inani eliphelele leqoqo le-cuckoo liyizinhlobo ezingaba ngu-150, okuhlangene ku-39 igenera. Zihlukaniswe ngama-suborders amabili: i-cuckoo yangempela, equkethe umndeni owodwa we-cuckoos, ne-turako, equkethe umndeni owodwa we-Turako (noma i-bananoid).

Iningi lamalungu omndeni yi-shrub ne-arboreal. Ukuphila kwabo kudlula emhlotsheni wezihlahla nezihlahla. Kukhona phakathi kwazo izinhlobo eziholela endleleni yokuphila komhlaba. Bakha izidleke zabo emhlabathini.

Ama-cuckoos amaningi ayi-monogam. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, bakha ama-pair, bakha izidleke ngokwabo, baqhube amaqanda futhi badle amaphuphu abo.

Izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50 yizi-polygama, lapho i-parasitism enesizotha iboniswa ngokucacile.

Ngokuvamile abantu bayazibuza: "Kungani i-cuckoo iphonsa amaphuphu akhe?" Kuvela ukuthi lokhu kuyisici kuphela se-polygam cuckoos.

Indawo yokuhlala, indlela yokuphila

Lezi zinhlanzi zihlala emazweni aphuma eNgilandi aya eJapane naseKamchatka, ephethe indawo yonke yaseRussia kusukela entshonalanga kuya empumalanga. Enyakatho, engxenyeni yaseYurophu yezwe, indawo yokusabalalisa yale nyoni ifinyelela i-Arctic Circle ngisho nokunye okunye. Ngokuqondene neningizimu, kule ndawo ama-cuckoos "awela" umngcele wombuso, afika e-Asia Minor naseNyakatho Afrika.

Le nyoni ihlala kokubili ama-tundra nama-desert, ehlathini elikhethiwe, emahlathini nasezintabeni zezintaba. Udla izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene (kusiza ekubhujisweni kwezibungu eziningi ezinomsindo, okuyinto ngokuvamile ezinye izinyoni ezingondli). Mayelana nalokho okukhushulwa yi-cuckoo, ungathola ngezansi.

Ukuhlalisa izidakamizwa

Isici esiyinhloko nesithakazelisayo se-cuckoo ukubeka amaqanda ezihlahleni zezinyoni zezinye izinhlobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bonke abakhathalela ukuxoshwa kanye nokukhuliswa kwezinzalo kulandelwa "kubazali ababelethi". Lokhu kwenzeka kanjani? Mayelana nalokhu okunye.

Amaqanda abo e-cuckoo abekwe kwezinye izidleke zabanye abantu. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu owesifazane uhlala endaweni ethile yendawo, lapho ebuka khona izindlu ezifanelekayo zezinyoni. Kukhona ama-cuckoos amaningi asebenzisa izidleke ze- wagtails ezimhlophe, ezinye izidleke ze-warbler, ezinye - izikhwama, njll. Ngokusho kososayensi, ama-cuckoos ahlukaniswe "ngezizwe eziphilayo", aguqulelwe ukuze ahlasele izinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni ezincane.

Cishe bonke abamele lo mndeni bahlala e-eastern hemisphere, futhi i-monogam ihlala e-western hemisphere. Owokuqala, njengoba ukhumbule, ungakha idizi: endaweni eyodwa kukhona owesifazane oyedwa kanye nabesilisa abaningana, kaningi kangako isilinganiso sabo siphambene.

Ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane, amaqanda amancane kakhulu, amancane kakhulu kunamaqanda ezinyoni eziningi ezincane, lapho unina ababeka khona ezidlekeni zazo. Futhi ngesimo esinemibala, nazo zifana kakhulu namaqanda ezinyoni ezihambile, noma zihluke kakhulu.

Kuphi izidleke i-cuckoo ibeka amaqanda?

Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, lezi zinyoni ziphonsa amaqanda ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo eziningana: amakhosi amancane, ama-night, ama-swing, njll. Aphonsela "abamukeli" nezindlunkulu.

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-cuckoo nenani lamaqanda aphonswe. Isibonelo, i-crested ishiya amaqanda amaningana esidlekeni esisodwa esikhethiwe, futhi ejwayelekile - eyodwa kuphela. Futhi benza ngokuhlukile. Abanye babo balala amaqanda ngqo esihlahleni sabantu, kanti abanye balala phansi, bese bewuthatha emithonjeni yabo. Ngonyaka owodwa yizinhlobo ze-parasitic ezibeka amaqanda angu-10-25 ngamunye.

Izici

Amaqanda e-Cuckoo ahluke kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, ngoba abesifazane bayamahloni ahlukene. Ngamunye wabo uhlotshaniswa nezinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni ezithandwayo, ngakho amaqanda ahlukaniswa ngombala ofanelekile. Kukhona elinye iphuzu elithakazelisayo. I-cuckoo esakhula kancane esivela esidlekeni ikhupha ezinye izinkukhu abazali babo abaqhubeka bezondla isisekelo.

Kuncike esifundeni semvelo kanye nenyoni ephethe, i-cuckoo ingahluka. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu, i-redstarts ngokuyinhloko, i-wagtails, i-ngulube ne-shrouds-roaches. Isikhathi sokuzala kwabo sisukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi.

Cuckoo hen: isithombe, incazelo

I-cuckoos esanda kuvela ivame ukufana ngaphandle nezidleke zabasekhaya besidleke. Futhi amazwi ama-chickoo ama-puckoo ama-parasitic ngokuvamile afana namazwi amakhosi amancane. Ama-nestlings of ngokuphelele ama-cuckoos avela eyimpumputhe futhi ehamba ze.

I-embryo, efudumele yiyokhukhu elikhuthele, ikhula ngokushesha. Isikhuku se-cuckoo siphuma emaqanda emva kwezinsuku ezingu-12, okungaphezu kwezinkukhu zezinyoni ezincane. Ekukhuleni, ngokushesha uthola izingane zabazali bakhe abamukelayo.

Okumangalisa ukuthi, ngokushesha ngemva kokuqothula (emva kwamahora angu-10-12), i-cuckoo inesidingo esikhethekile sokukhipha esihlahleni izinto ezihlukeneyo ezithinta ngemuva kwayo (isikhumba esihambayo sinomphela wokuphela kwezinzwa ezibucayi kakhulu). Uma ngokuzumayo isilwane esinomsoco esinomkhuhlane we-wiggling sithola ngemuva kwesisekelo, i-cuckoo, esibeka emgodleni we-sacral futhi ubambe amaphiko ayo, iqhubekela emaphethelweni esidleke ukuyiphonsa emhlabathini. Angenza futhi ngamatshwele amancane.

Imikhuba

Ngokuphelele, phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ezingu-3-4 zokuphila, lapho inkukhu ibonakala sengathi i-reflex, i-cuckoo hen (umlingisi) inika amaqanda angu-10 kuphela esihlahleni, noma cishe zonke izinkukhu zabanikazi. Ngokujwayelekile abazali babo basondla kuphela ezidlekeni, ngakho izingane ezilahliwe zifa.

Zonke izinyoni zezinyoni ezihlala zihlala zizinzile, uma i-cuckoo idonsela iqanda esihlahleni esineziqhingi ezivele zihlanganisiwe, ngoba iqala ukugubha emva kwazo ekukhuleni. Khona-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuba abazali bakondle imilomo eminingi kangaka.

I-cuckoo esidlekeni isithule ngokuphelele. Ngemva kwesikhashana, uqala, efuna ukudla, ngokukhululeka. Futhi emva kokuhamba okuvela esidlekeni, uhamba, ahlukumeze abazali bakhe.

Isithombe esinqaba kakhulu sibonakala lapho izinyoni ezimbili ezincane, ezifana ne-flycatcher noma i-chiffchaff, zihlala ziqhuma eduze nendawo enkulu, ebomvu, evele ihamba nge-cuckoo. Esikhathini esingezansi ungabona ukuthi inkukhu ye-cuckoo ibukeka kanjani, eyondliwa yizinyoni zohlobo oluhlukile.

Kukushonok kakhulu umlomo wakhe kangangokuba kudala umuzwa wokuthi angayigwinya inyoni kanye nezimbungu. Ngokuvamile kukhona isithombe esinjalo: le nyoni ihlezi emahlombe e-cuckoo iphindwe ngokudla emlonyeni wayo, bese iphinda igijimele inyamazane yayo.

Ukondla i-cuckoo

Zondla lezi zilwane ukudla kuphela izilwane. Ngokuvamile izimayini ziqoqwa ezihlahleni, izihlahla futhi kancane kancane emhlabathini. Kwenzeka ukuthi bayabamba izinambuzane kanye nezindiza emoyeni, lapho umlomo wabo omningi uhambelana kahle.

Isisekelo sokondla iningi lezinhlobo ze-cuckoo yizinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane nezibungu zazo. Ngaphansi kwesinye isikhathi badla amanye ama-invertebrates (isibonelo, izicabucabu).

Kunezinhlobo zama-cuckoos (ikakhulukazi ezishisayo) ezondliwa amaqanda nezinyoni, ama-amphibians, izilwane ezincelisayo nezilwane ezinwabuzelayo.

Futhi kuthiwa ama-chickoo chicks adle? Ukukhula kwama-cuckoos kuyahlukahluka kwama-voracity amangazayo. Esinye icala siyaziwa lapho inkukhu encane kakhulu kulezi zinyama, idliwe emgodleni, idla izihlahla ezincane eziluhlaza okwedlulele, izilonda ezingu-18, ama-pupae ama-3 ama-butterflies, ama-5 izimpungushe ze-beetle yama-May, izibungu zeklabishi ezingu-43, izipukane ezingu-4, ama-worms angu-50 nenani elikhulu lamaqanda "Izintuthwane.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo

• Ikhukhu lifuna kakhulu ukondla, ngakho-ke liphikelela ngokwabo. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi ayondliwe hhayi kuphela ngabazali "abamukelayo," kodwa nangezinye izinyoni.

• I-cuckoo inegama elifanayo elihlukile kwamanye amazwe: abaseBulgaria bayibiza ngokuthi "kukovichi", iRomania inegama elithi "ukupheka", amaJalimane athi "ama-cuckoos", amaCzech athiwa "i-cuckoo", amaFulentshi abiza ngokuthi "i-cuckoo", amaFulentshi abiza ngokuthi "i-cuckoo", kanti amaNtaliyane abiza ngokuthi " Ipopu ".

• Umbala we-cuckoo ufana nalokho we-Sparrowhawk. Mhlawumbe lokhu akulona ngengozi, ngoba ngenxa yale cuckoo kalula ingasusa esidlekeni sabanikazi.

• I-Little Redstart neReed Warbler yizona ezivame ukukhuphula abafundi baka-cuckoo abancane.

Isiphetho

Naphezu kwalesi sici senyoni echazwe, kubhekwa njengelusizo. Umzuzu owodwa ongeke ujabule wukuthi, ukuphonsa amaqanda akho kwezinye izitshalo zabantu futhi kubangele ukufa kwezinkukhu zabanikazi ngokuphathelene nalokhu, i-cuckoo inomonakalo, ibhubhise izinyoni eziwusizo eziphilayo.

Kunezindawo lapho kukhona khona ama-cuckoos amaningi ahlala khona, ngokuphathelene nalokho okwenzekayo, futhi ukuthi i-warbler ayikhiphi enye yezinkukhu zakhe ehlobo. Lezi yizona zonke izinyathelo zomama bama-cuckoos nezinkukhu ngokwabo. Futhi, le nyoni enesidumbu ichitha inqwaba yezibungu ezilimazayo ehlobo (isibonelo, izinwele ezinomvuthi), ngokuvamile ezingathinteki izinyoni ezincane. Umsebenzi onjalo owusizo, ngokungangabazeki, i-cuckoo ihlanganisa umonakalo obangelwa yi-parasitism yayo ezindaweni ezisezinye izinyoni ezincane.