Umzimba - ithuluzi lomculo lamakhulu amabili namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye

Umzimba - ithuluzi lomculo, elibizwa ngokuthi "inkosi yomculo". Imvelo enhle yomsindo wayo iboniswa ngomthelela ongokomzwelo kumlaleli, ongenalo olinganayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi yomculo enkulu kakhulu yomhlaba iyisitho, futhi inesistimu yokulawula ephelele kakhulu. Ukuphakama nobude bayo bulingana nobukhulu bodonga kusukela kwesisekelo kuya ophahleni esakhiweni esikhulu - ithempeli noma ihholo lekhonsathini.

Imithombo ecacile yelungu ikuvumela ukuba umenzele umculo wezinga elibanzi kakhulu lokucuketfwe: ekucabangeni ngoNkulunkulu nendawo yonke emibonweni ecasulayo yomphefumulo womuntu.

I-Organ - ithuluzi lomculo eliyingqayizivele kumlando walo wesikhathi eside. Uneminyaka engaba ngu-28 eminyaka. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesihloko esisodwa, akunakwenzeka ukulandelela indlela enkulu yale nsimbi ebuciko. Sizibeka esimweni esifushane se-genesis yesitho kusukela ezikhathini zokuqala kuya kulawo makhulu eminyaka lapho ithola ukubonakala nezakhiwo ezaziwa kuze kube yilolu suku.

Umsunguli womlando wesigungu uyisitsha sogubhu lwePan esiza kithi (ngegama lomkulunkulu wesiGreki owadala, njengoba kushiwo emlandweni). Ukubonakala komgubhu wePan kufakwe ekhulwini lesi-7 BC, kodwa iminyaka yangempela cishe enkulu kakhulu.

Lona ligama lomsindo womculo ohlanganisa ama-tubules ayenziwa ngamabala wezinhlobo ezehlukene. Izakhiwo zengxenyana zithinta omunye nomunye, futhi yonkana zihlanganiswe ibhande elivela enkambeni eqinile noma lath wood. Umculi uphonsa umoya ngenhla ngokusebenzisa imigodi yama-tubes, futhi azwakala - ngamunye ekuphakameni kwawo. Umdlali wangempela wegeyimu angasebenzisa amashubhu amabili noma amathathu ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze akhiphe umsindo owodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi athole isikhala sezwi ezimbili noma, ngekhono elikhethekile, isithandwa sesithathu.

Umgubhu wePan ubonisa isifiso sabantu abaneminyaka yobudala yokudala, ikakhulukazi kwezobuciko, nesifiso sokuthuthukisa amathuba okumemeza omculo. Ngaphambi kwalesi sixhobo sasivela esigabeni somlando, lapho kutholakala abaculi abaningi basendulo kwakukhona imicibisholo engaphenduki yesikhathi eside - amapayipi alula kakhulu nezimbobo zeminwe. Amakhono abo ezobuchwep awakhulumi. Emgodini we-longitudinal akunakwenzeka ukukhipha kanyekanye imisindo emibili noma ngaphezulu.

Ukuthanda umsindo ozwakalayo ozwakalayo, uPan uthi futhi iqiniso elilandelayo. Indlela engena ngayo umoya kungenayo yokuxhumana, umsakazo womoya uhlinzekwa yizindebe ukusuka kude, okudala umphumela okhethekile wezwi lomsindo. Zonke izandulela zomzimba zaziyizinsimbi zomoya, isb. Ukuphefumula okubukhoma okusetshenziselwe ukudala izithombe zokudweba. Ngokulandelayo, lezi zici - i-polyphony kanye nesimo sokuphefumula "sokuphefumula" -kuzuzwa njengefa eliphakathi kwe-palette yezwi. Ziyisisekelo sekhono eliyingqayizivele lomsindo womzimba - ukwethula umlaleli ukuba abe ngumbono.

Kusukela ekubukeni komgubhu wePan kuya ekuqalisweni kwesandulela esilandelayo isigaba seminyaka emihlanu sekudlulile. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ochwepheshe bezingxenye zomsindo womoya bathola indlela evumela ukwanda okungapheli esikhathini esilinganiselwe sokuphuma komuntu.

Insimbi entsha, umoya wenziwa ngensiza yesikhumba - efana nalabo abasebenzisa umkhandi wensimbi wokujola umoya.

Kwakukhona futhi amathuba okugcina ngokuzenzekelayo izwi elizwakalayo nelithathu elizwakalayo. Omunye noma amabili amazwi - aphansi - azwakala ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa, ukuphakama kwawo akuzange kushintshe. Lezi zwi, ezibizwa ngokuthi "amabhontshi" noma "ama-foburdons", zakhishwa ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela kwezwi, ngokuqondile kusuka ekugqeni ngokuvuleka kuzo futhi zinezizinda ezithile. Kamuva bayobizwa ngokuthi "iphuzu lesitho".

Izwi lokuqala, ngenxa yendlela eyaziwa kakhulu yokuvala izimbobo ngokufaka "ukufana nomgogodla" okuhlukile kwi-bellows, wakwazi ukudlala izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene futhi ngisho nezingoma zomculo we-virtuosic. Umculi wayefaka umoya emlonyeni wakhe ngezindebe zakhe. Ngokungafani nama-bourdonians, le melody yenziwa ngendlela yokuxhumana. Ngakho-ke, kwakungenayo i-plaque ye-mysticism kuwo - ama-echodon e-burdon athatha.

Leli thuluzi lithole ukuthandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kwezobuciko bendabuko, kanye nabaculi abahambahambayo, futhi babaziwa njengezigqila. Ngenxa yokusungulwa kwayo, umsindo we-organ ozayo wathola ubude obungapheli. Ngesikhathi umculi ephoyisa emoyeni ngamafurs, umsindo awuyeki.

Ngakho-ke, izindawo ezintathu ezizayo zomsindo we "King of Instruments" zivele: i-polyphony, i-polyphony eyingqayizivele yecala kanye nobude obuphelele.

Kusukela ngekhulu lesibili BC. Kunezinkomba eziya ngokuya esithombeni sesitho. Ukuze ujobe umoya, umsunguli wamaGreki uKtesebii wenza i-hydraulic drive (amanzi epompo). Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ukwandise amandla omsindo futhi unikeze isitsha se-colossus esinezinsimbi ngamapayipi amaningi kakhulu. Ngokuzwa, isitho se-hydraulic sikhulu futhi sibukhali. Ngezinto ezinjalo zomsindo kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukumelela okuningi (ukuqhuma kwe-hippodrome, ukubonisa isiskithi, imfihlakalo) phakathi kwamaGreki namaRoma. Ngokufika kobuKristu bokuqala, umqondo wokuphoqa umoya ngamafurusi wabuya: umsindo ovela kule ndlela wawuphila futhi "umuntu."

Eqinisweni, ngalesi sigaba izici eziyinhloko zomsindo womzimba zingacatshangwa ukuthi zakhiwe: ukuthungwa okuningi okuvezwayo, ukuheha ngokungathandeki isikhathi sokuqapha, ubude obungakaze kube khona namandla akhethekile, afanele ukuheha abantu abaningi.

Amakhulu eminyaka angu-7 alandelayo ayenziwa ngomzimba ocacile ngomqondo wokuthi amakhono akhe abe nesithakazelo, bese "eqokelwe" ngokuqinile futhi athuthukiswe esontweni lobuKristu. Umzimba wawuhloselwe ukuba yinto yokushumayela ngobuningi, njengoba ihlala kuze kube yilolu suku. Kuze kube sekugcineni, ukuguqulwa kwakhe kuhambisane neziteshi ezimbili.

Okokuqala. Ubukhulu obungokwenyama nobuchule be-acoustic yensimbi bufinyelele kumanani angakahle. Ngokuhambisana nokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sethempeli, isakhiwo sezakhiwo nezomculo seye sathuthuka kancane kancane. Isidumbu sakhiwe odongeni lwethempeli, futhi umsindo ozwakalayo ophansi futhi ophazamisa umcabango wabasontweni.

Inani lamapayipi omzimba, okwenziwa ngamapulangwe nasensimbi, lafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziningana. Isiqu somzimba sithole ububanzi obungokomzwelo obukhulu kakhulu - kusukela ekufaneni kwezwi likaNkulunkulu kuze kube semibonakalweni ethule yenkolo.

Amathuba okuzwakalayo, okwakutholakala ngaphambili endleleni yomlando, ayedinga ukusetshenziswa kwesonto. I-polyphony yelungu yavumela umculo oyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi ibonise ukuxhunyaniswa kwemikhakha emisebenzini engokomoya. Ubude nokuphambana kwethoni kuphakamisa isici sokuphefumula okuphilayo, okuletha isimo sempilo yomsindo ekuhlangenwe nakho okuhlangenwe nakho kokuphila komuntu.

Kusukela kulesi sigaba i-organ iyinsimbi yomculo yamandla amakhulu.

Isiqondiso sesibili ekuthuthukiseni ithuluzi sasihambisana nendlela yokuqinisa amandla akhe we-virtuoso.

Ukuze kulawulwe i-arsenal yenkulungwane yamapayipi, kwakunesidingo esisha esisemqoka esidingekayo, okwenza lo mdlali ukuba abhekane nalokhu kutholakala kwengcebo engenakulinganiswa. Umlando ngokwawo wenza isisombululo esifanele: izinsimbi zekhibhodi zivele . Umqondo wokubambisana kwekhibhodi wezinhlobo eziningi zemisindo ulungiswe ngokuphelele kudivayisi ye "King of Music". Kusukela manje, ilungu liyithuluzi lekhibhodi neyomoya.

Ukuphathwa kwe-giant kwakugxilwe ngemuva kwekhonsoli ekhethekile, kuhlanganise amathuba amakhulu kakhulu enqubo ye-clavier kanye nokuqalwa okuhlakaniphile kwamakhosi omzimba. Ngaphambi kwe-organist, manje esitholakala ku-oda ngesinyathelo-ngesinyathelo - enye ngenhla - kusuka kwamakhibhodi amabili kuya kwayisikhombisa. Ngezansi, phansi phansi ngaphansi kwezinyawo kwakuyikhibhodi enkulu yokudonsa ukukhipha amathoni aphansi. Udlalwa ngezinyawo zakhe. Ngakho-ke, inqubo ye-organist yayidinga ikhono elikhulu. Indawo yokuhlala yomculi kwakuyi benki ende, ebekwe ngenhla kwekhibhodi yokuhamba.

Umhlangano wamapayipi wawulawulwa yindlela yokubhalisa. Eduze kwamakhibhodi kwakukhona izinkinobho ezikhethekile noma izibambiso, ngasinye esasetshenziswa kanyekanye amashumi, amakhulu ngisho nezinkulungwane zamapayipi. Kumqondisi wezinsimbi angaphazanyiswa ngokushintsha amarejistreshini, wayenomsizi - ngokuvamile umfundi, okwadingeka aqonde izisekelo zomdlalo esithombeni.

Umzimba uqala inqola yokunqoba emhlabeni wonke. Ngekhulu le-17, wayesefinyelele ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingakaze zenziwe zomculo. Ngemuva kokuqhutshwa kobuciko bomzimba emisebenzini kaJohn Sebastian Bach, ubukhulu bale nsimbi buhlala bungapheli kuze kube namuhla. Namuhla isitho yisimbi somculo womlando wesimanje.