Ukulindela ukuphila kwama-tigers emvelo. Isilinganiso sokulinda isikhathi se-tiger

Ama-tigers yizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu zomndeni omkhulu wamahlumela. Zikhulu kakhulu kunezingonyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinja eziminyene zibhekwa njengezihlonipheke kakhulu futhi zihle kakhulu kuzo zonke izilwane ezinkulu ezihlala emhlabeni wethu. Ukuphila kwama-tigers ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ezimweni zokuba khona kwazo. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizokwazi kabanzi eduze namakati amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni: sifunda ukuthi bahlala kanjani nokuthi kungani befa.

Yini uVladimir Heptner athi ngezilwane

Ososayensi, abakhuluma ngama-tigers, abakwazi ukusebenzisa njalo imithi yabo yezemfundo - bayathandekayo futhi bayathandeka la makats ezilwane. Mhlawumbe incazelo engcono kakhulu yalesi silwane ingokwesazi sezilwane esidumile uVladimir Georgievich Heptner. Encwadini yakhe yesayensi ebizwa ngokuthi "Izidumbu ZaseSoviet Union," akagcini nje ngokulinganisa isikhathi sokuphila kwe-tiger endalo, kodwa futhi uchaza ngokucacile ukubukeka kwayo.

Isazi sezinto zezilwane sibhala ukuthi igumbi jikelele liyinkathi evamile. Iqukethe umzimba oguquguqukayo futhi ohlangene, imilenze ephansi nomsila omude. Ingxenyeni engaphambili yomzimba we-tiger ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala ithuthukiswe ngaphezu kwezingemuva. Emagxeni isilo sasendle siphakeme kunasigram. Ekuboneni kokuqala, kubonakala sengathi kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwesisindo, kodwa futhi namandla amakhulu. Lokhu kugcizelela imigqa eqondile nebanzi ebanzi ngaphambili, ikhanda elinzima futhi elinciphile kancane.

Ukubuna kwakhe kuphakeme, futhi imisipha yakhe inamandla futhi idlula. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yangaphakathi yomzimba we-tiger. Amahlombe anamandla futhi "insimbi". I-tiger yisilwane esisheshayo, ngisho nokujuluka kwayo kubonakala kungenasiphelo. Ikati le-tabby eliphindaphindiwe libuye linikeze nomqondo wamandla aphansi. Ukubukeka okuvamile kwalesi silo "sensimbi" kuyisimo esinamandla somzimba nokuzethemba, okuhlangene nokuvuthwa okunzima okukhulu. Futhi, usosayensi uchaza isikhathi sokuphila sehlosi emvelo futhi ekuthunjweni, kodwa sizokhuluma ngalokhu ngemuva kwesikhathi.

Lawa maqhawe

Njengoba sesiyazi kakade, ikati elikhulu kunazo zonke futhi eliyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni liyi-tiger. Isibonelo, amadoda amadala ama- tiger ase- Amur angafinyelela ubude bamamitha angu-3.5 futhi alinganise ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-400! Kodwa akusiwo wonke amakati athweleyo amakhulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, ama-Bengal nama-tiger aseningizimu asincane kakhulu kunabalingani bawo base-Amur: isisindo sabo asidluli 220 kilogram. Ngokwezinye izikhathi, ososayensi abathile bakholelwa ukuthi ukulinda kwezilwane (tiger, ingonyama, ingwe, indlovu, i-whale noma i-gorilla, akunandaba) kuxhomeke kudatha ethile ye- anthropometric .

Bavelaphi?

Ngokuvamile kubhekwa ukuthi izwe lezilwane lezizilwane ezinamandla nezesabekayo yiSouth-East Asia. Yilapho lapho bekwazi ukuhlala khona eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-10 000 eyedlule enyakatho, bafika esifundeni sase-Ussuri nasendaweni yase-Amur. Kodwa iMpumalanga Ekude akuyona indawo kuphela yalezi zilwane, lapho ama-tigers ahlala kulo lonke elaseNdiya, futhi ahlala neziqhingi zaseSumatra, Bali, Java kanye ne-Malay Archipelago.

Indlela yokuphila yama-tigers

I-ecology kanye ne-biology yamakati amakhulu kunomthelela omkhulu ekulindeni kokuphila kwezingonyama nama-tigers, kanye nama-cheetah nezintshe. Phela, basebenze kakhulu emahoreni kusihlwa, ebusuku nasekuseni, okwenza kube yingozi kubantu abazingeli. Ntambama abashiyi emaphandleni abo nhlobo, ngoba balele kakhulu. Ama-Tigers bangabasindi abangashadile. Bazulazula ezinyathelweni zomuntu, izibungu zasendle nezinye izilwane. Lezi zinja zigijimi kakhulu, ziyakuthanda ukubhukuda emanzini, zibekezelela ukubandayo.

Ama-tiger amakhulu kakhulu yi-Amur

Ngeshwa, nazo ziyingcosana emhlabeni wonke: isikhathi sokuphila samagogo asehlala eMpumalanga Ekude endle iminyaka eyi-12-15, futhi ekuthunjweni - iminyaka engu-24. Ama-tiger ama-Amur yiwona angaphansi kwe-subspecies phakathi kwawo wonke amalungu omndeni wekati. Kanti futhi, amaduna amadala anesisindo esingama-kilogram ayi-400, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso isisindo sabo asidluli ama-3 aphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa amakhemikhali ambalwa kuphela aguqulelwe ukuphila eqhwa. Banobuchopho obukhulu nobude. Ama-tiger ase-Amur akhula kancane futhi isikhathi eside, enza lokhu cishe konke ukuphila kwabo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi imivimbo esikhumbeni sabo ilula kakhulu kunabalingani babo. Lapho lezi zilwane ziqala ukubhubhisa, ngenxa yalokhu, isikhathi sokuphila kwabo sehle kakhulu. Mayelana nalokhu futhi ukhulume.

Ukuphila kwama-tigers

Lesi yisihloko esibuhlungu kakhulu kubo bonke abameli besilwane futhi, nakanjani, ama-tigers ngokwabo. Iqiniso liwukuthi izimo zemvelo eziguqukayo (isibonelo, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu) kanye nezimbangela zangaphandle zomthelela womuntu (ukulima umhlaba, ukutshala kwemithi, ukuhlakulela) kunciphisa kakhulu indawo yokuhlala yezilwane ezimbi. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuthinta kabi inani labo nesikhathi sokuphila emhlabeni.

Isibonelo, isikhathi sokuphila sokuphila kwe-tiger ehlala eMpumalanga Ekude cishe iminyaka engu-15. Endle, njengoba wazi, lezi zilwane zingasinda eminyakeni engama-26. Kodwa bambalwa babo bangaphila impilo ende kangaka. Ukubhujiswa kwabantu be-tiger ngabantu futhi ukubhujiswa kwendawo yabo yemvelo kuyisongo esingathí sina hhayi kuphela ngamakati anemigqa, kodwa kuwo wonke umphakathi wemvelo.

Ngeshwa, njengamanje inani lalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo liyanciphisa. Isibonelo, isikhathi sokuphila sekhanda lika-Amur emvelweni namuhla iminyaka engu-8-10, hhayi ngaphezulu! Uma siqhathanisa inani lala makakati esikhathini esiyi-XX eyedlule ngenombolo yabo ekhulwini le-XIX, khona-ke umehluko uzoba ngama-95%. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi njengamanje inani labo bonke abahlala ephasini lethu bangabantu abangaba ngu-6 500. Lokhu kuncane kakhulu.

Ama-Tigers ngaphansi kokuvikelwa

Ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwama-tigers futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwandisa inani labantu, la makakati athathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwendawo yonke. Zibhalwe ohlwini lwe-International Red Book, futhi ukuzingela kusukela ngo-1947 kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele. Ngeshwa, ukudubula kwalaba giants okudlala indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni inani lemfuyo yabo: abantu babulala amahlombe ngezikhumba zabo, izitho zangaphakathi ezibalulekile, njll.

Ama-Tigers nabantu: ngubani?

Okwamanje, ngeshwa, sekuvele kunzima ukuhlukanisa umuntu ovela ku-tiger. Abantu baziphathe kabi kunezilwane, ababhubhisi unembeza wabo futhi babhubhise isimo semvelo. Qaphela ukuthi ama-tigers, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi akuzwakala kanjani okungajwayelekile, akakaze azingele abantu. Ukuzwa umuntu, bona-ke, abayithathi indiza, kodwa abahlaseli kuqala. Ngokuyinhloko, baya ukuhlangana nabantu, bafihle futhi bavumele ukuba basondelane nabo.

Uma umuntu engathathi isenzo esinonya ngokumelene nale nkathi, i-tiger ivele ishiya. Lezi zilwane azizwa inzondo noma ukwesaba abantu. Ososayensi bathi ukwesaba okubangela ukuba izilwane ezithile zigijimele abantu (njengoba kunjalo nangobhontshisi), kodwa kulabo abathintekayo lokhu kuziphatha akuvamile. Yiqiniso, lokhu akusho ukuthi yizilwane ezingenabungozi.

Lezi, okokuqala, izidumbu, futhi akekho owazi ukuthi zingaziphatha kanjani ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungathathi amathuba. Cishe ungalimazi ama-tigers nomndeni womuntu, ngoba bahlasela izinkomo kakhulu. Ngendlela, izimpisi, izimpungushe kanye nezimbongolo, izinkukhu nezinkukhu izinyembezi izikhathi ezinhlanu kaningi kunezinhlanzi. Noma kunjalo, yilawo makakati ahlala ehlukunyezwa abantu. Lokhu kungalungile.