Interferon womuntu - izakhiwo begazi

Interferon womuntu latholakala 1957 ososayensi ababili Isaacs kanye Lindemann. Ngenxa yalesi ukutholakala indlela entsha ukuze kuvikeleke ingqamuzana yomuntu usumisiwe ngokumelene izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Heat-inactivated umkhuhlane virus abalobi abangu incubated e amaqanda, horionalantois homogenised futhi wathola ukuthi supernatant sivimbela ukukhula kwe-virus esebenzayo ku horionalantoise. Isici eyayikhona homogenates owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi interferon, futhi impahla layo eliyingqayizivele begazi iminyaka abaningi bakholwa antivovirusnuyu Ukuvikelwa. Kwatholakala ukuthi nabakhiqizi interferon namangqamuzana kwezicubu ahlukahlukene kwabantu nezilwane. Ukwakheka kwabo is esibangelwa amagciwane kancane ezincane, isikhunta pathogenic, lenyama, ithonya mitogens zokwenziwa polymers. Leukocyte bayakwazi ntombazane interferon zamagama e 3-4 amahora emva igciwane bayashintshana ekufukameleni.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lo mkhuba ukuphazamiseka viral Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa. Kusekelwe Ukuvikelwa samakhono abantu ngokumelene isenzo igciwane ekuphikisweni ngokunamandla ngosizo izici ukumelana nonspecific, igciwane uma ngesikhathi esifanayo noma ngaphambili ngomzimba ofanayo uthola kancane kuyingozi. Into efana nale, okungukuthi, lo mkhuba Impambaniso ungayibona kuhle ayekubona phakathi kwamagciwane webhaktheriya ngokuhamba ekusebenzelaneni kwabo. Kwatholakala ukuthi umuntu zezintaka lwegciwane singavimbela kabusha kwezinhlobo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukushintsha inkambo Kwabenza ukutheleleka. It is wafakazela ukuthi uma umuntu onegciwane noma brucellosis isilwane, ziba amasosha omzimba ukuba yalesisifo. ukuphazamiseka echazwe emkhatsini amagciwane brucella futhi tularemia. Kunesizathu ukuphetha ngokuthi ukuphazamiseka amagciwane kukhicite inhibitor ukuthi amabhlogo amaseli sezinzwa ku vumelekile umzimba ukuthi kudala kwezimo ezingezinhle ukhona omunye Amagciwane ukuncintisana.

Ngokusho idatha yamuva, kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu interferon (gamma-mzimba, fibroblast beta -alpha leukocyte interferon), okuyinto zingafani imvelaphi, ngokomzimba futhi izici begazi. Kufanele ukuthi kuphazamisa phakathi amagciwane Kwenziwa ngosizo inhibitor ekhethekile okuyinto kuhlelwe umqondo ngu Amangqamuzana ama- umzimba.

Wafakazela ukuthi interferon womuntu - iqembu ezihlobene peptides eziphila abakhuthele, okuyinto akhiwa amaseli emva ukushukuma ngu inducers ezahlukene. I lokuhlushwa interferon ukuthi uyakwazi ukucindezela umsebenzi begazi amagciwane ahlukene emzimbeni, kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kakhulu. Iningi nozwelo isenzo interferon wazibonakalisa amagciwane nokuba yangaphandle igobolondo kanye lipid izingxenye (miksovirusy, arboviruses, ingxibongo igciwane), kanye picornaviruses kuyilapho adenoviruses elingenalo imvilophu yangaphandle futhi livikela kakhulu kule isici. Nokho, kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga ngakho lapho amagciwane sinalolu imvilophi, umbukiso anda ukumelana isenzo interferon (herpes amagciwane).

interferon womuntu

Umfutho esiyinhloko lasungulwa abaningi abacabanga kwema- angaphandle nucleic acid amaseli, okuphula ibhalansi evamile zofuzo amaqembu ahlukahlukene amaseli. A umfutho zenza kangcono igciwane nucleic acid yezilwane ezinomgogodla isilwane amaseli, nakuba ezinye acid nucleic zingakhiqiza inducers ka interferon. Phakathi yezingxenye lamaseli microbial ukuthi zinezikhathi umphumela interferon, indima ebalulekile udlalwa ngu endotoxins-bacterium igremu-negative futhi lipopolysaccharides futhi polysaccharides, e pirogenal ethile, prodigiozan. Interferon kuveza umsebenzi kwabantu ngaphansi kwethonya RNA phages namagciwane, okuyinto avikelekile kahle kusuka umphumela inhibitory ka ribonuclease.

Ngokuphathelene izakhiwo interferon, yena ngokungafani kuya inhibitor eyaziwa ayisukumele igciwane oluthinta ngqo kubo ngokusebenzisa amangqamuzana ebucayi, abenze amelana ukukhiqizwa kabusha ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ukuze interferon ungase ubonise umphumela namagciwane, amaseli ebucayi kufanele kube zamagama ungaphazamisekile RNA yeselula namaprotheni yeselula.

Muva nje, njengoba ejenti elwa namagciwane iqondiswa "womuntu isakhi sokuzakhela interferon alfa 2". elwa namagciwane isinyathelo indlela ihlobene ukudalwa izindlela zokuzivikela neinfetsirovanyh igciwane amaseli. Lokhu kushintsha izakhiwo of cell ulwelwesi, okuyinto evimbela Ukungena igciwane esitokisini.

I izakhiwo begazi zihlanganisa interferon zinhlobo ngokucacile, okusho ukubonakaliswa ukukhetha umsebenzi emzimbeni zezinto eziphilayo yayo homologous. Ngokwesibonelo, interferon ekhiqizwa inkukhu umbungu amaseli, angeke ukuvikela namagundane noma ezinye ezincelisayo, naphakathi interferon ezivezwa leukocyte womuntu, asinawo umsebenzi ezilwaneni. Le mpahla akuyona ngokuphelele futhi, kwezinye izimo, interferon umsuka heterologous kungenzeka asebenzayo emzimbeni kwezinhlobo.