I-North Pole: iphuzu elisenyakatho yeplanethi yethu

I-northmost iphuzu lomhlaba ingenye yezindawo ezingenakufunda kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Isimo sezulu esinzima siye saba yisithiyo esikhulu ekutadisheni lesi sifunda. Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka, ukuhamba okuhlukahlukene kwathunyelwa ukunqoba iNorth Pole, kodwa hhayi njalo uhambo lwaphela ngempumelelo. Kwabanye abantu ukutadisha kwe-permafrost kubiza impilo, ngisho nokuphila. Kulesi sihloko, ake sizame ukuqonda izimfihlo zephuzu elisenyakatho yeplanethi yethu.

Uphi i-North Pole empeleni etholakala?

Uma usondela ngalolu daba kusuka ekubukeni kwesayensi, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingu-4 zezibonda:

• Geomagnetic. Itholakala lapho kudlula khona i-axis yomhlaba magnetic.
• Umqondo Wokufinyeleleka. Leli phuzu libhekene nolwandle olubandayo, oluqhwaqhaqhaqha, futhi kuzo zonke izikhombisi kude kude nomhlaba ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Magnetic. Lowo okhonjiswe ngenaliti yekhampasi.
• I-Geographical. Indawo yayo igxile emkhathini wezwe.

I-North Pole inezixhumanisi - 90 ° N, kodwa ayikho ubude, ngoba yonke imigqa iguquke phakathi kwendawo.

I-South Pole itholakala enyakatho ye-Antarctica, u-98% wendawo yinkinga. Iphuzu elisenyakatho yeeplanethi zethu liphakathi ne-Arctic Ocean. Lesi sifundazwe saziwa nangokuthi i-Arctic, futhi ngaphezu kwamanzi e-oceanic, kufaka phakathi izingxenye zezwe laseRussia, eCanada nase-United States. Indawo ye-Arctic ihlanganisa namazwe afana ne-Iceland, Finland, Norway neSweden.

Isilinganiso seminyaka yokushisa yonyaka

Iphuzu elisenyakatho yeplanethi yethu akuyona into ebanda kakhulu. Ukushisa okujwayelekile kwonyaka kule ndawo, ebusika ngu -43 ^o , futhi ehlobo - kugcinwa cishe ku-0 ^o Celsius.

Indawo ebanda kunazo zonke eMhlabeni yiNingizimu Pole. Ebusika, isilinganiso sezinga lokushisa ngokwesilinganiso ngamazinga angu-58 ngaphansi kwezinga. Usuku olufudumele kakhulu lubhalwe eminyakeni engu-6 eyedlule, ngo-2011, kuyilapho ukufundwa kwezinga lokushisa kwaku -12 °.

Ukuchaza isizathu esenza iNingizimu Pole ibande kakhulu kuneNorth Pole ilula kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-Antarctica iyizwekazi elikhuphuka ngaphezu kolwandle olwandle olungaphezu kwama-2 km. Izixuku zomoya zishaya phezulu kuneNorth Pole, futhi amanzi olwandle ahlanza leli zwekazi akakwazi ukushisa insimu enkulu kangaka.

E-Arctic, izinga lokushisa lomoya liyancishiswa yi-Arctic Ocean, ngakho-ke iqhwa kulezi zindawo lilula kunaseNingizimu.

Cape Chelyuskin neCape Fligeli

Iphuzu elisenyakatho yeRussia - iCape Chelyuskin, eliseTaimyr Peninsula, linamakhomithi anjalo: 77 ^mayelana nango-43 ^\ N.

Ngo-1742 ngokokuqala ngqá lezi zindawo zavakashelwa yi-expedition eholwa yi-SI Chelyuskin. Ekuqaleni, i-cape yayibizwa nge-Eastern North. Ukuqamba kabusha kwakhe kwenzeka ngo-1842. Isizathu salokhu kwakuyisikhathi esibalulekile - iminyaka engu-100 yenkambiso. I-cape yabizwa ngokuthi ihlonishwe umcwaningi omkhulu waseRashiya we-Arctic nomphathi wezilwandle uSemyon Chelyuskin.

Izimo zezulu esifundazweni saseTaimyr zikhulu kakhulu. Unyaka wonke, lapha kubusa ubusika. Ngisho ezinyangeni ezinjalo ezishisayo ngoJulayi no-Agasti, inkomba yokushisa ayikhuphuki ngaphezu kwe +1 ^o C.

Noma kunjalo, iCape Chelyuskin yindawo engasenyakatho yezwe laseRussia. Kukhona isiqhingi i-Rudolph esivela eRussia Federation, esitholakala kuphela ku-900 km ukusuka eNyakatho Pole. Khona-ke uzenza sengathi yiyona ndawo enyakatho yeRussia. Lesi siqhingi siyingxenye yesiqhingi saseFranz Josef Land. Kuboshwe ngokuphelele yiqhwa, futhi indawo yayo ingu-297 km ² . Insika engasenyakatho yeqhingi iCape Fligeli, iqukethe ama-81 ^kwangu- 49 ^\ N.

Abantu abanqobile iNorth Pole

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVIII iphuzu elisenyakatho kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kwaphakamisa isithakazelo esikhulu phakathi kwabadobi. Kwakuyizinyanga eziningi lapho kuhanjiswe khona izindiza, okuhlose ukutadisha i-Arctic. Owokuqala ukufinyelela eNorth Pole kwakunguRobert Peary (umhambi waseMelika). Omunye umcwaningi wase-US, uFrederick Cook, wathi lesi sihloko, kodwa uRobert waphikisa ngokuphelele amazwi akhe.

Ngo-1926, indiza yokuqala yenziwa. Abahambi baseNorway Amundsen noNobile bawela i-permafrost kumqondisi.

Ngo-Ephreli 1978, isakhamuzi saseJapane uNawomi Uemura, senze uhambo olulodwa ukuya eNyakatho Pole. Wadabula i-725 km, ehamba nezinja zezinja. Uhambo lwahlala izinsuku ezingu-57.

I-ski expedition eyayiholwa nguDmitry Shparo yenzeke ngoMeyi 1979. Izinsuku ezingu-77, abahlanganyeli bayo bahlula cishe ngo-1500 km.