Ezalwa futhi wafa Tiutchev? Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev: Biography

Isikhova i-great imbongi Russian Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev uphawu ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ezingenzeka ezibhekwa abafundi. Abaningi imisebenzi yakhe ujwayelene kusukela ezinsukwini esikoleni. Kodwa wazalwa nini futhi wafa Tiutchev, biography kanye zokudala izisusa imbongi sika, bambalwa abantu abaziyo, noma mhlawumbe abaningi nje ukhohlwe.

Ebuntwaneni fedor

Fedor Tiutchev Ovstug ozalwa edolobhaneni, amakhilomitha angaba ngu-30 enyakatho Bryansk e 1803. Leli dolobhana wawuseduze ngebhange esisempumalanga yoMfula Desna. Lo mfana wakhuliswa umndeni owakhuluma kuphela ngesiFulentshi. Futhi hhayi kuphela empilweni ebuntwaneni Tiutchev ungase uphawule ukuthi ngokuyisisekelo uyawasebenzisa lolu limi. Izincwadi azibhalela iningi ezihlokweni ezilotshwe eminyakeni eyalandela, ngisho ezinye izinkondlo - zonke eFrench.

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka eyishumi nambili ubudala yahunyushwa Horace ku isiRashiya, futhi wabhala inkondlo yakhe yokuqala ngo-nesithupha. Labo abamaziyo ngiseyingane, kugujwa Ingqondo yakhe okusheshayo, erudition ezinkulu ngisho isipho olusankondlo, eyayintula kakade Tiutchev abasha. Kafushane ku Ezemfundo of Fyodor Ivanovich, singakwazi phawula izigaba ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe. Ngo 1812, Tiutchev waphathiswa ukunakekelwa umndeni uthisha Semena Raicha. Kusukela 1819 kuya 1822, wafunda YaseMoscow University. Futhi engu-nesishiyagalolunye esima yomphakathi uMnyango Wezindaba Zangaphandle Petersburg.

Umsebenzi imbongi, noma Ukuphila phesheya

Yiqiniso, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi wazalwa nini futhi wafa Tiutchev, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngokuphila kwakhe, umsebenzi kanye ngendlela yokudala. Fedor akakaze acabange imbongi okhokhelwayo. Wayevame ukhohlwe imibhalo izinkondlo ezincwadini. Ngezinye izikhathi kwafumaniseka ukuthi babe yizinkulungwane ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Futhi ngokuvamile kakhulu Tiutchev weyengenandaba nokuthi imisebenzi yakhe ishicilelwe. Wayengekhona umsebenzi imbongi sika. Yingakho izinkondlo Tiutchev babengenalo ithandwa kangaka, ezifana Pushkin futhi Nekrasov.

It is ekuseni kakhulu, usemusha, e 1822, washiya Russia nase wahlala ikakhulukazi e-Germany, bese kancane e-Italy, wakhonza njengephayona ohlakaniphile. Sonke lesi sikhathi, Fedor lincane ngokwanele ekhaya isiRussia. Yena Kwakungelula imbongi professional, ngisho isiRashiya isetshenziswa ngempela akuvamile. UTheodore kwaba nawukuthi umsebenzi zamanxusa luxhunyiwe, uma kungekhona konke ukuphila Tiutchev, kuba ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu-ke.

Akwaziwa nombhali wezepolitiki

Kodwa Fedor Tiutchev umsebenzi impumelelo njengoba usomaqhinga kwakungafanele umxhwele kakhulu. Ngo-1841 yena waba ngisho sichithiwe kanti axoshwe Ministry of Foreign Affairs. impumelelo Obalulekile abekade umngane wakhe. UTheodore wayengumuntu, ekwazi ukuxhumana izikhungo bokusungula kulo lonke elaseYurophu, futhi lokho kwathatha ku-nokuwumisa alinganayo futhi LaseNgilandi, futhi ngo eJalimane, kanti eFrance ongqondongqondo main zombusazwe sikhathi.

Tiutchev wayengomunye walaba Abahlaziyi zezombusazwe ezinethonya kunazo. Kamuva, e izinkumbulo zabantu ababesebenza ngaleso sikhathi emasotjeni angaphandle inqubomgomo iminyango onke lawa mazwe, kwabhekiselwa izihloko zakhe, okuyinto yashicilelwa emaphephandabeni European. Bathi baba nomuzwa wokuthi kwase okuningi ngomlando zezwe kanye wabona lamatshwayo izimpi esizayo e-Europe.

Hhayi usomaqhinga umsebenzi futhi omunye ongqondongqondo eziyinhloko zaseYurophu zomlando zezombusazwe. Yilokho kwaba imperceptible Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev. Futhi odinga ukukwazi ngalo. Njengoba lokhu kuyingxenye ye Biography of the imbongi. Futhi hhayi kuphela ulwazi mayelana wazalwa nini futhi wafa Tiutchev.

Imbongi kanye ohlakaniphile

Tiutchev umsebenzi njengoba imbongi kuyinto ngakanye kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuya kwelinye izwe, waqala ukushicilela emaphephabhukwini bese anthologies. Kodwa kaningi ngaphezu Fedor ngemvume zokuqala. Tiutchev wazalwa ngo 1803, futhi ngo-1822 umsebenzi wakhe etemibhalo yelashwa, futhi wanyamalala emehlweni isikhathi eside umfundi Russian. Nokho, kwenzeka ngo-1836, lapho kunqunywa isiphetho izinkondlo Russian ngezindlela eziningi. Ngaleso sikhathi, Alexander Pushkin eyasungulwa umagazini wakhe "Contemporary".

Ukushicilelwa magazini emangalisayo. Lapha Fedor ngokushesha selivela genius futhi imbongi oluvelele. Kodwa bambalwa abantu ke waqaphela ukuthi bekuyingelosi izinkondlo Tiutchev, usomaqhinga ohlala phesheya. umsebenzi Okuqotho njengoba imbongi Fedor Tiutchev waqala ngawo-1850.

Buyela Russia

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi eminingi yokuphila Tiutchev sika axhunyiwe namazwe angaphandle, wagcina, eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi 1850 ebuyela eRussia. Ungadliwa abantu abangu, ngoba kunesithembiso eziningana izikhundla eziphezulu. UTheodore owayeyisiphathimandla izabelo ezikhethekile ngesikhathi umbusi, wasebenza eMnyangweni ukucwaninga angaphandle.

Kanjalo-ke, ngalesi sikhathi, bonke ephephabhukwini efanayo "Contemporary", okuyinto eye laba yinhloko Nekrasov futhi ishicilele ubuntu owaziwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, kukhona isihloko echaza umsebenzi ezinye izimbongi. Kubandakanya Fedor futhi ziqala zokuqala yakhe.

Ekugcineni, ngemuva kokushicilelwa e ukwazi umfundi Russian langena imbongi entsha Fedor Tiutchev. Futhi kakade 1854 wanyathelisa iqoqo izinkondlo zakhe. Kodwa isimo sakhe sengqondo engiwenzayo izinkondlo siyaqhubeka iqhubeka.

imijikelezo eziningana okuyinto imbongi

Ukubuyela izinkondlo Fedora Tyutcheva, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi zonke ivolumu elincane imisebenzi imbongi kungenziwa yizinqamu ezintathu alinganayo. Lokhu amavesi zezombusazwe ukuthi ukusho njalo futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufunda ngokuzwakalayo. Bese kuba khona zefilosofi, okuyinto engcono kakhulu bazi, futhi kulula kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi iyini. Ziyakwazi ikakhulu abantu njalo kwelinye nemvelo.

Umjikeleto Eyesithathu yabizwa ngokuthi "Denisevsky" unkosikazi Civil Fedor igama, umama wezingane ezintathu izingane zakhe - Elena Alexandrovna Denisiev. Le misebenzi okwakuyoba izinkondlo Russian of kunethonya elikhulu. Kwakumelwe uhlobo idayari lyrical. Ngokuvamile kakhulu kwaba kumuntu othize. La mavesi babé love story imbongi Elena Alexandrovna.

Umlando womkhaya wokusebenzisa kabi Tiutchev, noma izenzakalo ezishaqisayo emphilweni imbongi

indaba Sexy nge Denisiev eyathatha iminyaka eyishumi nane. Yaphela ngethuka kwaphela nasozwanini lapho ngoba imbongi. Unkosikazi ebulawa isifo sofuba e 1864. Iminyaka eyalandela zivame zithathelwe sibhicongo. Cishe ngokushesha nje ngemva kokufa kuka-Elena Alexandrovna ushiye lempilo yendodana yabo futhi indodakazi wabelane. Ngemva konyaka, eshonelwa unina ka Tiutchev, ngo-1870 - Dmitri, izibulo.

Mhlawumbe, ku ngemuva yalezi zenzakalo, lapho embozwe negagasi imbongi, Fyodor Ivanovich impilo sawohloka kakhulu. Futhi mhlawumbe ungakwazi ukuphendula umbuzo abafundi abaningi ukuthi wazalwa nini futhi wafa Tiutchev. Wazalelwa e 1803 kanye wahlala ngempela ukuphila egqamile futhi ecebile, imbongi wafa ngo-1873 yisifo sohlangothi.

Fedor ecabanga izinkondlo

Isici emangalisa kunazo zonke izinkondlo Fedor, wukuthi kuba esivela ubunjalo ukuhlonza ephelele nomuntu. Tiutchev imbongi ulunika umphefumulo, imizwa ngisho inkulumo. Kufana umuntu ngokuphelele. Ukunaka izingcezwana eziningi amazwi Fyodor Ivanovich, singaphetha ngokuthi imbongi ngokuvamile isebenzisa amazwi noma amafomu lolimi ukucindezeleka, engesiyo ejwayele kakhulu ukuzwa umfundi elula. Into wukuthi ngeke Tiutchev kuphela zakudala ngoba ezikhathini zanamuhla, kodwa futhi ngokoMthetho yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye.

Life Tyutcheva Fedora Ivanovicha sasingafinyeziwe, uma iqhathaniswa izimbongi, owafa usaqala, njengezinga Pushkin futhi Lermontov. Kodwa, noma kunjalo, bonke ngothi lwabo abhalwe zingoma ngokuvamile ibekwe emqulwini owodwa. Kodwa ngisho nalokhu has a nohlonze. Tiutchev ecabanga izinkondlo, ngakho emfanekisweni ofanayo noma umqondo yokuya ngemisebenzi ehlukene.

Futhi umkhondo isosha esihlatshelelwayo Fedor Tiutchev ukuthi umfundi ungayiqondi incazelo yegama esekelwe evesini elilodwa nje kuphela. Udinga ukuba ufunde amanye lapho leli gama, futhi kuphela khona-ke uyobona ukuthi amandla Inani senyukile, nize ezinye esiphethweni. Tiutchev engachazi nje ukuhlala nemvelo, njengokungathi wayekhathazeka ekuthuthukiseni ulimi ngokwayo noma ukucabanga ngesiRashiya.

"Ukucabanga 'izinkondlo Fedora Ivanovicha Tyutcheva siguqulwe lonke isiko Russian. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev wake wathi mayelana nomsebenzi Fedora Tyutcheva ayikwazi phikisana. Ngoba lowo obeka akakwazi ukuzwa imisebenzi umbhali, kungekho nomuzwa izinkondlo.