"I Cherry Orchard" - idrama noma uhleke (omude)? Inkinga uhlobo

Popular comedy play AP LaseChekhov baba "I Cherry Orchard." Ngemva play 'Izelamani ezintathu ", ngokwezinga elithile, imisebenzi esiyinhlekelele, laseChekhov ngokuzumayo wacabanga entsha. Futhi ngasizathu simbe wayefuna, ngisho wabhala ngayo nabangani bakho, ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi kwaba funny kakhulu, okungenani ohlelweni. Ukuze siphendule umbuzo "I Cherry Orchard" - idrama noma amahlaya, kuyafaneleka ukuthi umbhali yena kuchazwa yona uhlobo lwesibili. Nokho, ngisho nalapho ukuphila laseChekhov, lapho ukukhiqizwa lokuqala ngesikhathi eMoscow Art Theatre, play yethulwa njengoba idrama esindayo ngisho nhlekelele.

"I Cherry Orchard" - idrama noma comedy? ukwakheka

Khona-ke kuphi? Drama nge ncazelo - kuyinto umsebenzi wokubhala ukuthi yakhelwe ngokuyinhloko nesigaba ukuphila. Kuyinto esiteji, aluthole ukhona egcwele, wembula incazelo ehambisana ke, elibuye inquma uhlobo yayo. Kodwa izwi lokugcina ekuchazweni uhlobo, noma ngabe kungaba, bekulokhu ngemuva yaseshashalazini, abaqondisi kanye nabalingisi. Eqinisweni Akwaziwa ukuthi laseChekhov njengoba amatiyetha wemidlalo imibono kufakwe futhi beqonda ngokungathandi hhayi ngokushesha, kodwa isikhathi eside futhi kanzima kakhulu. Uma ubhala mayelana "I Cherry Orchard" - idrama noma amahlaya, indaba ngalesi sihloko kungenziwa okusekelwe MAT incazelo yendabuko ukuthi lokhu Elegy amadlingozi - incazelo elanikelwa neziphathimandla ukudlala zobuciko waseshashalazini, ezifana Stanislavsky futhi Nemirovich-Danchenko. AmaCzech namaRomany ngakho-ke wakwazi ukwenza yaseshashalazini intukuthelo yabo impatho enjalo.

"I Cherry Orchard" - idrama noma comedy? kafushane konke

Ngokusho esiqintini play kakade esezithethelele abanikazi wangaphambilini we Manor isidleke umndeni wakhe. Engxenyeni XIX leminyaka lesibili, ngisho nangaphambi laseChekhov, lesi sihloko ngokuvamile embozwe ezincwadini Russian amadlingozi futhi ngokudabukisayo futhi comically. Zama ukuthola ukuthi yini ikhambi lale nkinga ngokukhethekile futhi kanjani ukuqonda "I Cherry Orchard" - idrama noma amahlaya ke.

Lesi simo sengqondo laseChekhov kunqunywa yokuthi esikhundleni kwamadoda asebukhosini, kancane kancane ngokuba akusebenzi naphumayo e lokulibala kwezenhlalo, salandelwa ne-capitalism, futhi kakhulu liphinyiselwe izithombe Ranevskaya - noblewoman abampofu, futhi Lopakhin - Isigwili, futhi umzukulu a serf wangaphambili. Kulezi izigodi ezimbili laseChekhov wabona abazolandela isiko kazwelonke. Umlobi izikhulu wabona maphakathi kuqala isiko Russian. Lapha, yebo, ungakhohlwa mayelana serfdom, njengoba kubhekiselwe kuyo play, kodwa namanje ngowokuqala indawo isiko.

Ranevskaya futhi LOPAKHIN

Omunye nabalingiswa abasemqoka - Ranevskaya, yena lo ukhukhuva ifa, futhi umphefumulo wakhe. Kanjalo-ke, naphezu kwakho konke ezimbi azenzile nokunganaki (yaseshashalazini abaningi bagcizelela ukuthi eParis waba umlutha wezidakamizwa), lapho wabuyela endlini kayise ekhaya, nxazonke aguqulwe futhi elulama. Indlu welulela ezibonakala phakade izakhamuzi zakhona babaleka.

Enye protagonist ukhiye - LOPAKHIN ukuthi ububanzi unwele sika ukufanisa ke. Uyabathanda izinkondlo, iminwe yakhe ezintekenteke futhi mncane, efana umculi, onomusa futhi abasengozini. Ngo Ranevskaya enomuzwa ngokunamandla umoya ezihlotsheni. Nokho, vulgarity zokuphila kuzo zonke izinhlangothi laqala ukuhlasela kwakhe, futhi uthola ezinye izici Uhar yomthengisi, egxile kwaqala yeningi ngisho flaunts yokuntuleka isiko, elalilisha ngalesosikhathi uthola ohlonishwa "imibuthano engcono." Kodwa naye ulinda Ranevskaya ukuba eduze kwakhe ngandlela-thile bahlanzwa futhi uzame futhi ukuqhubeka izithakazelo zabo ngobungcweti asankondlo izintandokazi. Ukubhekana ngokucophelela nge umbuzo "I Cherry Orchard" - idrama noma amahlaya, kubalulekile ukuba ahambe ngaphezulu ngokujulile ukuhlaziya umsebenzi.

ukusekelwa

Ngakho, lo mbono we laseChekhov Capitalist ngempela yayisekelwe amaqiniso angempela. Khona-ke abaningi abacebile ekupheleni abantu ekhulwini baye babonisa isithakazelo esikhulu, ukukhathalela nothando isiko. Lokhu kungabonakala kangaka-abashisekeli the capitalists, njengoba mammoth, Zimin, Morozov, eyayinekheli yonke ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Noma uthathe abazalwane Tretyakov ngubani wasungula abadumile yobuciko inhlokodolobha, noma indodana umthengisi sika Alekseeva, ngubani ngaphezulu eyaziwa sonke ngaphansi mbumbulu Stanislavsky. By the way, akanikelanga kuphela ezingaba zokudala okukhulu ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini, kodwa nengcebo yonke kayise, okuyinto wawumningi, futhi.

Kodwa uma sikhuluma LOPAKHIN ke enye i-oda isicebi, yingakho akazange aphumelele ukubuyisana nomkakhe ekubhekaneni Varya. Phela, awayona mbhangqwana, kuba - ngumphefumulo esihle olusankondlo, - umthengisi abacebile kakade, nemvelo zezwe nezinto zangamalanga. Ngaye, Varya, indodakazi Ranevskaya sika yokutholwa, isibe ke ngeshwa, temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba ukuphila.

amaCzech namaRomany

Uma ucabangela ngokujulile ngesihloko esithi "Inkinga uhlobo. "I Cherry Orchard": idrama noma amahlaya, "kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi laseChekhov kubonakala e eziningi wakhe we yakhe empilweni nemibono. Lokhu ukudayiswa ifa eTaganrog lwakubo, futhi ujwayele Kiselyov owaba prototype hero Gaeva, izindlu zakhe umkhaya Babkino laseChekhov iminyaka emibili elandelanayo, kusukela 1885 kuya 1887, waba ukuphumula ehlobo, yayibizwa ithengiswe khona zonke izikweletu.

Lapho laseChekhov wahlala sifundazwe laseKharkov e ifa Lintvarevyh, wabona okuningi ukugijima futhi Manors ezonakalisiwe, wamnika esiqintini play. Yilapho-ke wayefuna ukubonisa eminye imininingwane yokuphila izakhamuzi zangaphambili ezweni yizicukuthwane ubudala.

"I Cherry Orchard." Izibuyekezo

Umsebenzi umsebenzi "I Cherry Orchard" wanikezwa nesineke nzima kakhulu laseChekhov wabhalela umngane wakhe esebenza agony babulawa futhi ubhala imigqa emine ngosuku. Mayelana play "I Cherry Orchard", wabuye ubhala M. P. Alekseevoy, hhayi esezikhiphe idrama comedy, ngisho ngezinye izikhathi farce. O. L. Knipper uqaphele ukuthi Ukudlala ngempela kumnandi futhi engenangqondo. Kodwa K. S. Stanislavsky waliyisa drama ukuphila isiRashiya, futhi wabhala: ". Leli akulona ihlaya, kungaba inhlekelele ... bengikhala njengowesifazane ulilele"

Futhi manje, emuva umbuzo "I Cherry Orchard" - idrama, amahlaya noma inhlekelele, mangisho ukuthi laseChekhov at kudlalwé play ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa, January 17, 1904, kwacaca ukuthi kule nkundla Akungalokhu yini ukuthi ithoni, akusiwona idrama izinyembezi indima Lopuchin futhi Wari ngokuvamile, kufanele kube yamahlaya. Kodwa Stanislavsky futhi Nemirovich-Danchenko, kokuncoma ababezothweswa play kuphezulu kakhulu, namanje beqonda okwengeziwe njengoba idrama. Kwakukhona a baxgeki ngubani bakubheka njengethuba tragicomedy. Kodwa AI Revyakin kubuyekezwa yakhe wabhala ukuthi uma siqaphela play idrama, uma sithobekile kumelwe siqaphele lokho okwehlela wonke kubanikazi Ranevskayas Gaeva amadlingozi ngempela, okubangela uzwela futhi uyavumelana kakhulu kubantu abangazange bheka ku esikhathini esidlule futhi esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa lokhu akulona futhi akukwazi. Ngakho-ke, lo mdlalo ngeke kuthathwe njengendlela tragicomedy, ngoba le njongo awunazo noyedwa izimo tragicomic noma izinhlamvu.

izingxabano

The mpikiswano mayelana uhlobo - "I Cherry Orchard" - idrama noma amahlaya, namanje ungayeki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhla uye wanda kulo mbuthano ahlekisayo lyrical noma tragicomedy. Ngakho-ke thina impendulo ecacile yombuzo ukuthi idale indlela okungalindelekile laseChekhov: "I Cherry Orchard" - idrama noma amahlaya, "cishe kungenakwenzeka.

Nalapha futhi, ebhekisela izinhlamvu ukuthi wabhala zakudala kakhulu izincwadi Russian wemidlalo A. P. chehov yena, sithola Kule migqa elandelayo, okuyinto chaza isimo sakhe sengqondo yeqiniso eyisa ekuphileni, othi ngemva ehlobo surely sondela ebusika, ngemva intsha ifika ukuguga injabulo nokungajabuli, kakhulu, ngezikhathi ezithile futhi izothatha nomunye, futhi umuntu akakwazi ukuba njalo abantu banempilo futhi bajabule, ngoba ngaso sonke isikhathi kuyoba baqamekela ukwehluleka, ukulahlekelwa, futhi bazivikele ukufa, akasoze akwazi, ngisho nobe loyo muntfu ngu Macedon m. Ekuphileni, kungakhathaliseki kubukeka yeka ukuthi kungadabukisa kanjani futhi ngeshwa, kufanele ukulungela noma yini futhi baxoxela izenzakalo zamanje, njengoba ongenakuvinjelwa futhi kudingekile. "Wena nje kudingeka enze ngendlela engcono kakhulu esingenza umsebenzi wabo -. Lutho okunye" Encwadini yakhe ethi "The Cherry Orchard" zonke lezi imicabango bavumelane imizwa ukuthi liletha.

isiphetho

LaseChekhov ungibelesela ngokuthi eqanjiwe has igama layo ngenxa yokuthi echaza ukuphila njengoba kunjalo. Futhi yena unenjongo - ukuletha iqiniso eliphelele futhi sithembeke. Lena yindlela ungakwazi ukuqedela esithi "I Cherry Orchard" - naleyo nhlekelele, idrama noma uhleke. Indatshana phezu wonke umuntu sihloko ungabhala bebodwa, ngoba ngempela ebanzi futhi kudinga ukucatshangelwa timvo letehlukene.