Indlela kwesokudla Social Security kanye nezici zayo. erherhweni lokuvikelwa komphakathi elihlangeneko komthetho

Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi ukhona, abantu bafuna yokuhlanganisa. Phela, kusukela ekuqaleni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kwaba sobala ukuthi lo muntu - ibhizinisi iqembu, okuyinto abakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle imvelo hlobo zabo. Ngakho-ke, abantu baqala ukwakha ukwakheka ezinye lasekuqaleni. Ekuqaleni base umphakathi zamaKhosi. Kodwa ukunwetshwa kancane kancane la izinhlangano zomphakathi kuye kwaholela ukuvela kwezindaba superstructure, okungukuthi isimo. Nokho, kwaba khona omunye, udaba uphuthuma ngokwengeziwe. Noma yimuphi uhulumeni okudingeka somthetho jikelele nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana, okuyinto Kalula nje wayengekho. Ngokuhamba ucwaningo lakhe bebelokhu bazama izindlela ezihlukahlukene kwethonya nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana, isibonelo, ubudlova, inkolo nokunye. N. Kodwa konke abazange ukuletha umphumela efanele. ilungelo avele ekupheleni isikhathi esiningi. Kufanele kubhekwe ukulawula yimpumelelo kakhulu ubudlelwane zomphakathi, njengoba livela kokubili uhulumeni ngamunye. Kuze kube manje, ilungelo kuyindlela ukhiye ukuhlela, liphathe futhi iqondise izenzo inkampani. Ngenxa yezinto kwemvelo ke singene cishe yonke imikhakha yempilo yomuntu. Ukuze ngandlela-thile lula inqubo esemthethweni, ilungelo lahlukaniswa laba amagatsha ahlukene. Omunye wabo manje zikamazisi. Institutions kanye namazinga ngazinye umkhakha babe imininingwane yabo, kanye nokusentshenziswa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa amasu ezikhethekile, zazo kuxoxwa kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Umqondo amalungelo orientation nomphakathi

Ngaphambi kokucabangela ngamunye indlela umthetho yokuphepha komphakathi, kubalulekile ukuba uqonde ukuthi umkhakha inikezwe. Ngo legatsha lanamuhla Russian zokuvikeleka kwezenhlalakahle - iqoqo imithetho umthetho, okwathi ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziqondile ukukhiqiza ukulawulwa nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana ezingeni lokusabalalisa phakathi abantu omkhiqizo. Ngamafuphi nje, lo umkhakha ulawula ubudlelwane emkhakheni yokuthola izinzuzo imali labantu isimo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, izinzuzo, nokunye. N. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le mikhakha anikezwa among the ntu ngaphakathi inombolo ngokuqinile kuchazwe nokuhleleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagatsha zokuvikeleka kwezenhlalakahle uvumela izakhamuzi Russian ukuze kulondolozwe futhi kuvikelwe amalungelo alo ngokoMthethosisekelo elawula wombuso aid.

Kodwa umfanekiso umkhakha ekuqaleni eyayikhona endaweni wezwe lakithi. Inqubo lasungulwa inomlando omude futhi kunalokho ezithakazelisayo.

Umlando ukuthuthukiswa orientation social ilungelo

Indlela umthetho yezinhlalakahle kanye nezici zayo, kanye umkhakha ngokwayo, kwamiswa isikhathi eside ensimini ka Russia yesimanje. Ngokuvamile, inqubomgomo ngokwawo inhlalakahle, noma kunalokho, wo hlinzeka ngabanye aye amiswa okokuqala ngesikhathi of the Empire, Russian kuphela. Ekuqaleni, iziphathimandla e-State of the inkinga kwakuwusongo ngempela. Phela, akekho owayefuna ukunikeza noma yimuphi amalungelo kumphakathi wonkana. Kodwa nge ukuthuthukiswa imperialism isiRashiya, umbuzo zokuvikeleka kwezenhlalakahle sabantu laliya acute ngaphezulu. Ngakho, ngo-"Ikhodi Imithetho of the Empire, Russian" inikeza izinkokhelo esikhethekile ukulimala siqu emsebenzini. Lokhu kwaba isinyathelo sokuqala maqondana kudalwa umkhakha isiqondiso ngokuyinhloko entsha. Kakade ngo-1886 waqeda imali abasebenzi bezempilo e-Russia. Ukuwa umbuso waseRoma wawunamandla futhi eza emandleni iCommunist Party of Social Security sekuba isithakazelo ayisihluthulelo uhulumeni. Singasho ukuthi kulesi sigaba bese wemboni abasafufusa of the gama elifanayo, ngoba abaningi imibuzo obudingekayo settlement zomthetho.

uhlelo Legal zokuvikeleka kwezenhlalakahle

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke indlela umthetho yokuphepha komphakathi kuhlobene ngokuqondile ohlelweni yaleli gatsha ethile isiqondiso wezomthetho ubudlelwane. Ngu uqobo, ehlelekile indlela ukuze ukuhlaziywa umkhakha zisenza sikwazi ukubona imininingwane yayo emihle kanye nezici ezikhethekile, kanye ukuthuthukisa izimiso bagomele ukulawulwa ubudlelwane ethize yezenhlalakahle kuwela ngaphakathi komqondo nomkhakha we isinyathelo kwale ngxenye kunalokho ebalulekile umthetho ukuthi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, njengakho eziningi amazwe CIS, Russian Federation iyizwe esisemthethweni uhlelo pandektnoy. Lokho, wonke amagatsha zomthetho sehlukaniswe izakhi ezimbili eziyinhloko: jikelele kanye ekhethekile ingxenye. uhlelo yezinhlalakahle komthetho kulokhu akuyona abanye ngaphandle. Nokho, Sakhiwo sangekhatsi ngayinye imelelwa, kuyathakazelisa eside ekuhloleni kutenhlalakahle. Ngakho, ngo-ingxenye jikelele futhi ekhethekile kuhlanganisa izinto ezilandelayo, okuyilezi:

1. Jikelele libonisa ukuthi ilungelo isiqondiso yezenhlalakahle nhlobo. Lezi zihlanganisa izimiso elawula ukukhishwa kwamalungelo wobuntu kwezenhlalo, izimiso umkhakha, kwekhono neziphathimandla ekuhlinzekweni nezinzuzo zezenhlalo kubantu, nokunye. N. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi indlela umthetho yokuphepha komphakathi, ikakhulukazi, isethi ekhona izindlela, it is fixed jikelele ingxenye.

2. ekhethekile ingxenye ngokwezinga elikhulu siqukethe le izikhungo ezithile ezingokomthetho. Basuke kubuswa imibuzo walabo noma ezinye izinhlobo ukwesekwa emphakathini. Institutions bamunye iqembu esikhethekile iyashelela futhi ngokushesha nomthelela ebudlelwaneni ethize nomphakathi. Namuhla, lesi simiso kule mboni ingenye abahamba phambili ngokuya ngezinqubomgomo ukuqaliswa kwezinkambiso zomthetho futhi bamele izimfuno isimo ezintweni ezithile inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle.

Uma sicabanga ngakho konke izici ezingenhla, kungashiwo baphetha ngokuthi erherhweni lokuvikelwa komphakathi elihlangeneko komthetho yakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi abantu ngokugcwele futhi ngokushesha wathola ngangokunokwenzeka zonke izinzuzo kunesidingo.

Izindlela ngoba umkhakha wezomthetho - imiqondo jikelele

Indlela umthetho yokuphepha komphakathi - iqoqo amasu nezindlela wesi zezomthetho wemboni wangempela ubudlelwano ayingxenye yesihloko yayo. Kulokhu, isihloko yisimo kubaluleke kakhulu khona kohlaka methodological nhlobo. Phela, uma abukho ubudlelwano ethize ukuze kushintshwe ke kungani indlela mthethonqubo nhlobo? Ngakho-ke, uma kukhulunywa nje, ua social ilungelo akakwazanga kube eside isikhathi gqamisa izindlela ka ezinomthelela ubuhlobo, okuyinto yena, awazange athuthukiswe ngokuphelele. Kodwa, nge ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo imikhakha, ukuthuthukisa hhayi kuphela indlela leli umphumela, kodwa futhi ube yize umqondo wokuthi uhlaka methodological. Ngakho, indlela umthetho yokuphepha komphakathi - iqembu ethile izindlela eziqondile, okuyinto alawule ubudlelwane emkhakheni zokuvikeleka kwezenhlalakahle e yonke Russian Federation labantu futhi izakhamuzi ngabanye. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uhlaka methodological ngokuvamile ihlanganisa kokubili tesilumbi ukulawula kanye ethize, ekhona kuphela umkhakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa uhlelo lomthetho zikamazisi. Siyabonga kulesi sikhungo ukhona nezindlela amenable ukuba conceptualize.

izici Isici izindlela wesi zomthetho

Njengakwezinye izindawo zomthetho yokuphepha komphakathi wasebenzisa izindlela ezivamile, okungukuthi dispositive futhi ibalulekile. Kodwa engavamile itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ukuthola ngokucacile zabo lapho asetshenziswe ilungelo lokuvikelwa kwezenhlalo. Nokho, isethulo akuyona sici kuphela. Ngakho, indlela umthetho yokuphepha komphakathi libhekene izici ezilandelayo, okuyilezi:

1. Njengoba umthetho, ukulawulwa ubudlelwane ethize nomphakathi kwenzeka inhlanganisela izindlela amandla futhi dispositive. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-Institute, okuthiwa "Izindlela Social Security Law", ngokomthetho usebenza nje kuphela lokho okushiwo enamandla isimo. A efanayo isiqondiso isimiso lakhiwe ngenxa ubunjalo amaqembu, ubunjalo ubudlelwane zomthetho kanye izinyathelo zomthetho ngokumelene mthetho umbuso kwezomthetho.

2. liyithinta ngokuqondile usebenzisa inhlanganisela ukulawulwa eyodwa yendawo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinzuzo zomphakathi olunikezwa izinhlangano ezingahlangene ngalutho kuphela uhulumeni kodwa futhi neminye imigwamanda, ezifana komasipala, okuyizinto yisibopho Federation. Akuvunyelwe isiqondiso izivumelwano of ubudlelwano emkhakheni zokuvikeleka kwezenhlalakahle. Ngoba umkhakha kukhonjelwe linanincane lemacophelo amiswa esimweni. Ngakho-ke, ngisho umshwalense okuphoqelekile okwenziwa ezikhungweni izakhamuzi Kwenziwa ngaphakathi komthetho Russian futhi ilawulwa kuye.

3. Izindlela wesi incike amaqiniso zomthetho, okuyinto zisenza sibe nobuhlobo emkhakheni zokuvikeleka kwezenhlalakahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudlala onohlonze ukubaluleka unswinyo isetshenziswa mthetho umbuso kwezomthetho. Ngokuqondene isigaba sokuqala, lincike ekuziphatheni nemisebenzi zabantu. Kodwa isimo unswinyo Kuyathakazelisa. Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi sikhungo wemfanelo umthetho yokuphepha, eqinisweni, athuthukile ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke, empeleni izakhamuzi ngokuvamile ukugwema nganoma yimaphi ukwephulwa noma igatsha yamazinga zikamazisi.

umthetho nokuvikeleka 4. Izindlela nomphakathi umkhuba elawulwa ubuhlobo e ezizimele imodi izinhlangano komunye nomunye. Njengoba sazi, amaqembu eyinhloko kule mboni kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi. Ngamunye wabo sinikezwe uhla nemalungelo kanye netibopho, futhi neze ongaphansi komunye nomunye.

5. okukhulunywa Njengoba ngaphambili, abantu ababuswa ilungelo zokuvikeleka kwezenhlalakahle awekho ngaphansi omunye komunye. Ngakho-ke, iziphathimandla Awukwazi ukwenza isinqumo ngokubona kwayo, okuyinto ngandlela-thile ezihlobene inqubo ukuphila zabahlali abavamile.

6. Kunezindlela eziningana ukuvikela osebenzisa izindlela komthetho zikamazisi. I oyisazi kubonisa ukuba khona inqubo zokwahlulela isetshenziswa lapho inqubo nezokuphatha akangayiletha yi efanele. Njengoba siqonda ke, izinhlangano wemboni enkantolo baphathwe umcimbi ukuthi inqubo yezikhalazo yabo emizimbeni umzali sibe khona izinguquko.

Izinhlobo ezithile izindlela

Ngakho, esihlokweni sabuka timphawu letibalulekile kohlaka methodological zokuvikeleka kwezenhlalakahle. Ngokuphathelene ezithile izindlela ukulawula, inqubo ye-social security kusetshenziswa izindlela eziyisisekelo sezihambile. Ukhiye ingase ihlanganise mthetho futhi imvume. Ngosizo lwabo, esihlelwe iqembu elikhulu zobudlelwano nomphakathi we umkhakha wezomthetho. izindlela engeziwe kuyakhuthaza, isiqinisekiso, ukugwenywa, nokunye. D. Njengoba singabona, zonke izinhlobo ithathwe eBhayibhelini theory jikelele wesi zomthetho. ngokucacile wabo kuphela angaphansi komthetho zikamazisi.

izimboni Isihloko

Indlela umthetho yokuphepha komphakathi njengoba ilungelo imikhiqizo yokudoba incike into yayo, okungukuthi, labo ubudlelwane ukuthi kukhona iziqondiso ezingokomthetho ngqo isicelo. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, isihloko kungenziwa ngokuthi ubuhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi bemvelo neziqinile futhi zenqubo ezivela ngokuhlobana ekwabelaneni umnotho emphakathini-ethize. Ubudlelwano ngokuvamile bahlobene wokubukisa ngamaqembu ahlukene, isibonelo:

1. Ubudlelwano nokuvikeleka ngesimo imali.

2. Ubudlelwano ngesimo imisebenzi, uhlamvu zenhlalo yomphakathi, ezifana ukunakekelwa kwezempilo.

3. Ubuhlobo yenqubo ukuthi kuhlobene ukukhokhela izakhamuzi noma ezinye izinzuzo.

Normative imithombo legatsha zokuvikeleka kwezenhlalakahle

Kukhona imithombo eminingi empeleni elawula izindlela komthetho zikamazisi. Ekusebenzelaneni siyazi ukuthi eRussia kukhona lonke uhlelo yeziqondiso ezenza umkhakha "ukuphila". Ngakho, zokulawula nohlaka wemboni siqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

1. UMthethosisekelo WaseRussia.

2. Umthetho kahulumeni (uMthetho Federal "Ngesisekelo umshwalense ayimpoqo nomphakathi", "Ngo-State Izimpesheni", njalo njalo. D.).

3. izimiso kaMongameli Russian Federation.

4. amathuluzi International zomthetho izibophezele eRussia.

Banikezwe zokulawula nohlaka olubhekele, indlela umthetho yokuphepha komphakathi kungenziwa ngokuthi indlela prefabricated yokulawulwa kwezimboni ubudlelwane, okudaliwe hlinzeka ethulwa iziqondiso kanye izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe.

Isilinganiso komthetho yokuphepha komphakathi namanye amagatsha

Kunezindlela eziningana izimboni, okuyinto correlates futhi baxhumana ilungelo lokuvikelwa kwezenhlalo. Lokhu kubonisa ubunye yinye lonke uhlelo lomthetho we Russian Federation. Ngakho, namuhla umthetho omkhulu kunayo yokuphepha komphakathi kungavunyelaniswa yezabasebenzi kanye komthetho we-civil. Ubuhlobo ukhona ngoba ukufana langempela kulezi izimboni.

isiphetho

Ngakho, esihlokweni, saxoxa indlela umthetho lukuphepha emphakathini futhi izici zayo ngazinye. Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ezinye isimo embonini sika ayakudzinga eside ukuhlaziya theory ekufundzisweni sazo singasetshenziswa ngaphandle kobunzima.