I-Library YaseRashiya Kazwelonke eSt. Petersburg: kusukela kwesisekelo kuze kube manje

Uthando lwezincwadi, abantu bethu bebelokhu besondla iminyaka eyizinkulungwane. Ithempeli lokuqala lencwadi lavela eKiev, ngesinyathelo seNkosana Yaroslav the Wise ngo-1037. Sekuyisikhathi eside le ndawo yokugcina yayingcono kakhulu emhlabeni. Namuhla Umtapo Wezincwadi waseRussia oseSt. Petersburg useluhlu lwezincwadi eziyingqayizivele.

Kusukela ohlelweni lokusebenza

Ngaphambilini, abacebile nabacebile kuphela babenokunethezeka kokuqoqa izincwadi. Kodwa amanye ama-foli amancane ezindlini zezicukuthwane akakwazanga ukubeka isisekelo se-intelligentsia eqinile, okufunwa nguhulumeni. Imizamo yokuqala yokudala amakamelo okufunda yenziwe kwi-Academy. Kodwa ukungena kumahholo anjalo akuwona wonke umuntu, futhi ukuzikhethela kwezincwadi zezifundo kwakuncane.

Ngakho-ke, kwaphakama umbuzo wokwakha indlu lapho izingxenye ezilula zabantu zingathola ulwazi.

Lo msebenzi wenziwa yiGumbi Lokufunda Lomphakathi, okuyinto kamuva eyaziwa ngokuthi i-National Library yaseRussia. USt. Petersburg waba yisikhungo sombuso emva kokuguqulwa kukaPeter I. Ngakho-ke, umuzi lapho izakhiwo ezintsha zabekwe khona, wakhethwa ngaphandle kokungabaza. Isibonelo, wathatha i-European book depositories.

Iphupho le-Empress

Usuku lokuzalwa komtapo wolwazi lubhekwa ngo-May 16 (27), 1795. Ngaleso sikhathi u-Queen Catherine the Great wathola iphrojekthi ehlongozwa ngumdwebi uJegor Sokolov. Ngemuva kokuvunywa kwalolu hlelo, ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngokushesha. Umsebenzi wawukhokhwe kusuka kumgcinimafa kahulumeni.

Akukona isikhathi eside ukhethe umhlaba ngaphansi kwesakhiwo, okwakuzobizwa ngokuthi i-National Library of Russia. E-St Petersburg, isikhungo siyiNevsky Prospekt. Lapho, futhi isikhala esinikezwe isakhiwo esisha.

Ukuqakatheka kwethempeli laleli gama kwakungokuthi izakhiwo zaqala ukukhulelwa hhayi nje njengendawo yokugcina izincwadi ezibalulekile zomlando kanye nemibhalo, kodwa indawo yomphakathi, etholakalayo ngokuvamile. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwakukhona umsebenzi owodwa owabhekana nabacwaningi: ukuqoqa nokuhlela zonke izincwadi ezibhalwe ngesiRashiya.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga eliphakeme

Ngaphansi kwesiqondiso esiqinile kwakukwakhiwa nokuqoqwa kwezixhobo emtatsheni wezincwadi. Icala lihudulwa, futhi igumbi lokufunda laligubha ukuvulwa kuphela ngoJanuwari 2 (14), 1814. Yilokho okwakhiwa khona eLathalamende Kazwelonke YaseRussia eSt. Petersburg.

Phakathi neminyaka, hhayi kuphela inani lezinombolo, kodwa futhi inani lezivakashi landa. Izingqondo ezivelele zaleso sikhathi zasiza ukuqoqa ukuqoqwa: abalobi, izazi zefilosofi, ososayensi. Umsebenzi wabo wawungelona ize, futhi kakade ngo-1864 ekamelweni lokufunda laliqoqwe cishe amaphesenti angu-90 azo zonke izincwadi zesiRussia.

Njengoba kuhlelwe, isikhathi esiningi abantu abavela emindenini elula baqala ukuza. Amadolobheni amancane, abahlali, abahlonishwayo - bonke bahlangana ngokuthokoza ngendawo yokufunda. Kwakukhona nabesifazane ababevame ukuvakashela indlu yale ncwadi. Siphinde sakha oxhumana nabo namanye amadiphozithi encwadi emhlabeni. Ukusungulwa kubambisene eduze namanyuvesi kanye nezikole.

AmaHholo angenawo umphakathi

Igumbi Lokufunda Emphakathini, eliziwa manje ngumfundi njengeLathalabhu YaseRussia YaseRussia eSt. Petersburg, lazuza izici ezintsha ngemva kokufika kwamandla aseSoviet.

Ubuholi bazinqume inkambo ephikisana nayo yonke imibono umphakathi okufanele ilandelwe kuyo. Ekuqaleni, isitokisi sagcwaliswa kuphela ngezindleko zokuqoqa ezizimele, ezasuswa kubanikazi babo bomthetho - abantu abazimele. Yiletha izincwadi ezizindlini zamasonto nasemasontweni. Phakathi neMpi Enkulu yePatriotic, umtapo wezincwadi awuzange uqede imisebenzi yawo ngisho nangesikhathi sokuvimbela izincwadi ezikhishwe kubafundi.

Kusukela ngawo-1950, inani labafundi liye landa, futhi ngokunjalo inani labasebenzi. Amashalofu agcwaliswa ngamakhophi amasha namasha.

Izikhathi ezinzima zafika ngemva kokuwa kwe-USSR. Inani lezivakashi lawa kakhulu. Futhi, amakhophi amasha wezincwadi ayeke ukufika.

Namuhla, iziphathimandla zizama ukufaka isizukulwane esincane uthando ngencwadi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, dala zonke izimo ezidingekayo. Ikamelo laseRussia lokufunda (eMoscow), uMtapoli weMongameli (iSt. Petersburg) - lezi zindawo nezinye iziqhingi - ukuziqhenya kwezwe.