Umculi waseSpain uLope de Vega: biography futhi usebenza

Umdabuli owaziwayo waseSpain u-Lope de Vega, ongu-biography ogcwele izinto eziningi, wahlala impilo ende futhi waphumelela ensimini yombhalo. Wayethanda abesifazane abaningi (futhi nabo babeqotho kuye), bahlanganyela ezintweni eziyizintandokazi, futhi abazange baphele amandla, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunzima kanjani ukuletha impilo yakhe.

Ubuntwana nobusha bomlobi

ULope de Vega wazalelwa eMadrid ngoNovemba 25, 1562 emndenini ocebile. Ubaba womfana wayevela emndenini olula, kodwa ngenxa yamakhono akhe wakwazi ukuba indoda ecebile. Ngakho-ke, wakwazi ukunikeza indodana yakhe imfundo yekhwalithi, futhi ngisho nokumthenga ilungelo lobunikazi ngesihloko sobukhosi.

Kakade eseyingane umfana waqala ukukhombisa i-penchant kubantu. Ngokusho komlobi ngokwakhe, waqala ukubhala nokuhumusha imibhalo yabanye ababhali ekuqaleni kakhulu, kwabayishumi nanye. Ubaba wathumela indodana yakhe ukuyofunda esikoleni samaJesuit, ngemva kwalokho wangena eyunivesithi.

Eyunivesithi umlobi ohlonishwayo waseSpanishi ohlonishwayo wafunda esikhathini kusukela ngo-1577 kuya ku-1581, kodwa ngenxa yalokho akazange akwazi ukuwuqeda.

Ukuthunjwa

Ngineminyaka engu-21, okungukuthi, ngo-1583, uLope de Vega wayehlanganyele emkhankasweni wokulwa nama- Azores. Ebuyela emuva, waqhubeka esebenza njengobhala wezintandokazi ezicebile, nakuba ngalesi sikhathi wayeseyena owayengu-playwright owaziwa kulo lonke elaseSpain.

I-1588 yayibalulekile kulo mlando womlobi, ngoba kulo nyaka waboshwa, ngemuva kwalokho waxoshwa eMadrid iminyaka eyishumi. Isizathu sokuboshwa kwakhe kwakuyihlazo kumuntu ohloniphekile. Umlobi waphoqeleka ukuya eValencia, lapho athatha khona umngane wakhe othembekile u-Isabel de Urbina, owaba ngumkakhe kamuva. Ngonyaka ofanayo, i-coryphaeus yomdlalo wesigodi waseSpain waqhubeka nomkhankaso we-Invincible Armada, wabe esehlala ne-lady of heart yakhe.

Ukuhlala eValencia, uLope de Vega uye wafunda ulwazi oluningi olusuka kuma-playwrights wendawo. Emisebenzini yakhe wanikezwa ithuba lokuhlanganisa zonke izindlela ayezisebenzisayo ukuba abe nazo eziphawulekayo emdlalweni waseValencian. Ngenxa yalokho, waze wadala inkulumo evesini, lapho echaza khona imibono yakhe ohlelweni oluhle kakhulu.

Ukuphila komuntu siqu

ULope de Vega, owaziwa yilo mlando ugcwele izenzakalo eziningi eziphawulekayo, wayenesithakazelo kakhulu emvelweni futhi wanikeza inhliziyo yakhe kubesifazane abaningi.

Elena Osorio

Ubuhlobo obude nabunzima buhlotshaniswa nalomlobi. Kodwa nazo zaphela, ngoba le nkosikazi yaholela ekuziphatheni okubi, ishintsha umthandi emva komunye, futhi kanye ngezimbongo zakhe i-frenzied de Vega ihleka usulu umakhethi wakhe nomndeni wayo, besebenzisa ama-epithets amahle kakhulu. Ngokuba "ukunyundela" umbhali waxoshwa eMadrid.

Isabel de Urbina

Mhlawumbe owesifazane obaluleke kunazo zonke ekuphileni komdlali odlala edumile wayengumngane wakhe othakazelisayo u-Isabel de Urbina, njengoba okuphawuliwe ngenhla, ngokuzithandela washiya umuzi wakubo wahamba waya othandekayo wakhe ekuthunjweni. Kodwa akuzona zonke izinto ezilula kangaka, ngoba wayengesiyena umfazi osemthethweni womlobi, futhi abazali baka-Isabel babemelene kabi nobuhlobo ngaphambi komshado. Yingakho baqala icala ngokumelene noDe Vega, owavaliwe, ngokushesha nje lapho intombazane yaba ngumkakhe osemthethweni. U-Isabel wayesebenzela indawo ebalulekile hhayi empilweni yomlobi kuphela, kodwa nasemsebenzini wakhe. ULope de Vega wothando lwakhe wabhala emidlalweni yakhe, lapho u-Isabel enza khona ngaphansi kwegama likaBelisa. Kodwa lo mbhangqwana wawungahlosiwe ukuphila impilo ende futhi ijabule. Ngo-1590, u-Isabel washona, okuyinto eyayihlehlekelwa kakhulu yi-de Vega. Ngeshwa, azikho izingane ezivela kulo mshado, ngoba bobabili izingane zafa zisana.

Umshado wesibili

Isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi saphela, futhi uLope de Vega, owawudlala umdlandla kuphela ekuthunjweni, wabuyela eMadrid. Kodwa ukujabula kwakhe ngalolu daba kwakunesikhathi esifushane, ngokushesha nje futhi waphinde egcekeni njengommangalelwa endabeni yokuhlangana nomfelokazi, okwakuwukuphakama kokungafaneleki ngaleso sikhathi.

Ngemuva kwecala, ubuhlobo babuqedile, kodwa umlobi wanquma ukungabi nesikhala eside isikhathi eside, futhi washada okwesibili ngo-1604. Kodwa lo mshado awujabule: umkaDe Vega nendodana yakhe babulawa.

I-Marta Nevares

Umthandi wokugcina we-playwright wayenguMarta Nevares, owazinikela ngokuphelele kumlobi, waze wahlukanisa nomyeni wakhe ngenxa yakhe. Lezi zindlala zazide kakhulu, kodwa, ngeshwa, lesi sikhathi sonke siphelile kakhulu. UMarta noLope de Vega bahlala ndawonye iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, kepha ngemva kokugula isikhathi eside umlobi wezimpawu washona, wamshiya yedwa.

ISonto

Ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nemibono yenkolo yomlobi luye lwasinda, kodwa amaqiniso amaningana ahlala engashintshi.

Ngomnyaka we-1609, umbhali wakwazi ukuthola isihloko esithi "eduze neNkantolo yeMantshi", eyamvikela kunoma yiziphi izinkokhelo zesonto. Ngandlela-thile, kwaba khona ngaphandle kosizo lomphathi nomqondisi weVega, uMbusi weSecque, owasebenza kuye njengombhali.

Ngo-1614, umlobi waba umpristi, futhi eminyakeni eyishumi nantathu kamuva - udokotela wezinkolo. Isihloko esinjalo samukelwa ngesizathu esihle, futhi ngokubhalela umsebenzi omangalisayo ozinikezelwe uPapa onamandla.

Ukuguga

ULope de Vega, imisebenzi yakhe eyanikezwa udumo oluphakeme kakhulu, waqhubeka ebhala kuze kube yiminyaka ephakeme. Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, ifa lakhe lokudala livela ezincekwini ezingu-1500 kuya ku-2000, okufika esikhathini sethu kuze kube manje ezingenakufika kuka-600. I-comedy yokugcina yabhalwa umbhali ngonyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, futhi inkondlo yokugcina - ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Eminyakeni eminingana umlobi uzame ukuhlawulela izono zakhe ngakho-ke wahola impilo yokuphila futhi wachitha isikhathi esiningi emthandazweni. Washiya umhlaba ngo-Agasti 27, 1635. Emngcwabeni we-playwright-monk, osebenza nabo abaningi babuthana emnyangweni wokudala nabalandeli be talenta.

Ukudala

Umlobi waba udumo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe emangalisayo, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, izinkondlo zakhe, izinkanyezi kanye ne-ode zifanelwe ukunakekelwa, lapho umbhali etshale khona konke ithalenta lakhe nothando lobuciko. U-De Vega wazama ukukhombisa zonke izici ezibalulekile zokuphila kwakhe kwesikhashana, kodwa wenza lokho,
Indlela elula.

Isibonelo, lapho echaza izenzakalo zomlando, akazange afune ukuchaza imininingwane yama-concrete, kodwa wagcizelela inkazimulo yezwe lakubo nabantu bayo. Isibonelo esihle salokhu yi-comedy ethi "Famous Women of Asturias", lapho umlobi wasebenzisa khona ulimi olufanele ukuveza abantu abafana nabantu ngokwemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Isihloko sobukhosi baseSpain-yobuKristu sasithandwa yiLope de Vega. Imisebenzi abonisa ngayo izakhamuzi zaseCastile igcwele izigcawu ezijwayelekile zasekhaya futhi zilwa namaSulumane. Izibonelo ezithinta kakhulu, ukuveza izici zomlando zale ndawo, "Ikosi iphonswe kwalasha" kanye "negazi elingenacala". Emidlalweni yomabili esikhuluma ngayo ngamakhosi ahluphekile ngenxa yezenzo zabo ezingalungile.

Izihloko

Emisebenzini yakhe umlobi uthinta izihloko ezihlukahlukene. Izincwadi zeLope de Vega zigcwele izimo ezikhangayo, umbala nezikhundla ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, emdlalweni othi "I-Star of Seville" abalingisi baphoqeleka ukuba baphumelele ezivivinyweni eziningi, futhi umbhali wenza impilo yabo ibe yingozi kakhulu, ebaphoqa ukuba bafinyelele ekutholeni injabulo bese bewela ngokushesha kwalasha nobuhlungu nokuhlupheka.

Okumangalisa ukuthi lo mdlali wezingubo akazange azinaki umlando waseRussia. Enye yemisebenzi yeLope de Vega, izingcaphuno ezisetshenziselwa abagxeka abaningi, sikhuluma nge-False Dmitry. Idlalwa ngokuthi "uMkhulukazi waseMoscow" ukhuluma ngokuphila nokuphelela kwesikhulu. Okungaziwa kangako ngabafundi abaningi, kodwa okwamanje kufanelekile ukunakwa, kuyidrama engokomoya nefilosofi.

Umsebenzi odume kakhulu womlobi yi-play "Inja e-Manger". Ngokuqondene nesihloko somsebenzi, kubhekwa ukuthi inkulumo ethi "inja emkhombeni" ingaphathwa njengeyisiginiso somuntu ongazisebenzisi okuhle, kepha akayikuvumela ukuba kwenziwe kwabanye. Umculi ulandisa ngobudlelwane bendodana yobukhosi okuthiwa u-Diana nombhali wakhe uTeodoro. Njengoba unikezwe isikhundla sakhe, u-Diana akakwazi ukuvumela ubuhlobo bakhe nonobhala, kodwa futhi akamvumeli ukuba ajabule nomunye wesifazane. Konke lokhu kuhlambalaza, lapho abaningi abalingiswa besibili bahileleke khona, bathululelwa endabeni yamahlaya ngokubandlulula ekilasini.

I-Lope de Vega ayikuthonya kakhulu idrama yaseSpain, kodwa futhi yathonya ukuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke izincwadi zomhlaba. Wakwazi ukuhlanganisa emsebenzini wakhe izisusa eziningi, ukudala izithombe ezingenakulinganiswa futhi abonise impilo yakhe yanamuhla ngaphandle kokumbathisa. Yingakho imisebenzi yakhe isadumile futhi iyadingeka.