Uyini umkhawulo futhi waphuma kuphi

Igama elithi "umkhawulo" linombono onamandla omubi futhi uvame ukusetshenziselwa njengezwi elivamile lesiqalekiso. Kufana nokuphutha, izithakazelo ezilinganiselwe nokuhlukunyezwa okungenangqondo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bambalwa abantu bacabanga ukuthi umkhawulo uwuphi nokuthi uvelaphi eRussia. Futhi lokhu, okungenani, akusikho inzalo.

Kusukela emlandweni wombuzo

Impendulo yombuzo walokho "umkhawulo" kusho, itholakala cishe eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa ekhulwini lokugcina. Inhloko-dolobha yaseSoviet Union, idolobha elikhulu laseMoscow, lalivame ukuheha bonke abantu bezwe. Izinga lokuphila enhloko-dolobha lalihluke kakhulu kumaphakathi. Ingabe kufanele sithi kukhona abantu abaningi abafuna ukuhlala eMoscow ukuze bahlale ngokuhlala, kodwa kwakungelula ukwenza kanjalo? Endleleni, kwakukhona umkhawulo wokuphatha, njengemvume yokuhlala. Ngaphandle kokuphawula kule pasipoti ukuhlala enhloko-dolobha futhi uthole umsebenzi kwakungenakwenzeka. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iMoscow yayidinga kakhulu umsebenzi, ngaphandle kokuqhuma kwayo njalo, idolobha elikhulu elinamamiliyoni-dollar lalingenakwenzeka. Ukwakhiwa okuningi kanye nezinsizakalo zikamasipala zaleli dolobha bekuyobe sekumile ngaphandle kokusebenza ngezandla.

Indlela yeSoviet yokuxazulula izinkinga zabasebenzi

Sebenza ezakhiweni zokwakha nasezintweni ezihlinzeka ngemisebenzi ebalulekile yenhloko-dolobha, amaMuscovites asendulo ayengafuni. Kubanikazi beMoscow i-propiska, lokhu kwakungahlonishwa, futhi akuyona inzuzo. Yiyo kanye lezi zimo zomnotho nezenhlalakahle ezibangelwa ukubamba iqhaza kwabasebenzi abangabasebenzi basezindlini. Isamba saso sasinganiselwe ngokulawulwa ngokwemigomo ehleliwe - umkhawulo. Kusuka lapha eMasulumagama oqoqayo ohlanganyelwe kuhlanganisa nencazelo "yomkhawulo" (ngokugcizelela kwesigcawu sokugcina). Leli gama elivamile labasebenzi abavakashele abavumelene ukusebenza kanzima futhi abaphumelelanga ukuthola imvume yokuhlala yaseMoscow esikhathini esizayo, esathembiselwa zona ngomsebenzi wabo ukuze kuzuze inhloko-dolobha.

Izilinganiso zaseMoscow

Kubekhona abasanda kusebenza emahostela akhethekile, ikakhulukazi asezindaweni ezikude ezivela enkabeni, ngokuvamile elandela i-Ring Road. Ukuze uthathe isinqumo sokuthuthela eMoscow nokulungela ukusebenza kanzima ngesitembu esethembisiwe esikhathini esizayo epasipoti, kwakudingeka ube namandla amakhulu okulingana. Noma nje ungenazimpande endaweni yakho. Ngaphandle kokuqonda lezi zimo, ayikho impendulo kumbuzo wokuthi umkhawulo ungakanani.

Izindawo zokuhlala kwabantu abaningi eMoscow zazivame ukuba izikhungo zokuhlukunyezwa kwezenhlalakahle nokwanda kobugebengu. Abanikazi bemikhawulo ye-Moscow ye-propiska, ukuyibeka ngobumnene, engathandi. Isisusa esiyinhloko sokuhlukunyezwa kwabo kwaba nomuzwa wokungabi nakubulungisa kwezenhlalo. Futhi amaMuscovites asendaweni akudingeki achaze ukuthi umkhawulo ungakanani. Isimo sengqondo esingalungile kuso asikwazi ukuguqulwa ngisho nangokweqiniso lokuthi ingxenye enkulu eMoscow yanamuhla yayakhiwa ngabasebenzi abavimbela abasebenzi. Kodwa eminyakeni edlule, abanye balapho banomkhawulo wokuhlala eMoscow futhi namuhla bakhetha ukuzibiza ngokuthi "amaMuscovites esizukulwaneni sokuqala."

Abafuduki bezisebenzi

Ngemuva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, umbuzo wokuthi umkhawulo ungakanani, uye wahlukana ngokwengeziwe emkhakheni womlando. Ekuqaleni kokudonswa kwamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye, phakathi nobunzima bezomnotho, amaphrojekthi wokwakha eMoscow ayengabaningi kakhulu, ngakho-ke, isidingo sabasanda kuqashwa kwabasebenzi sagula kakhulu. Inkathi yemingcele ekuqondeni kwayo kwesiklasi iphelile. Kwaba yisikhathi sabasebenzi bezivakashi - izisebenzi ezihambela amazwe manje ezizimele, ezazingama-republic of the Soviet Union, ikakhulukazi e-Central Asia, kanye nase-Ukraine naseMoldova.