Ugesi amamitha: Yini engcono?

Noma yimuphi umnikazi impahla kumele ufake ithuluzi ekhethekile akhawunti amanzi, ugesi, igesi kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. D. Uma isethaphu ithuluzi ukuba alandise ukushisa namanzi has ukubambezeleka, ukufakwa imitha kufanele kwenziwe kuqala.

Kanjani ukukhetha imitha amandla?

Kasibili lonke amafemu esikhiqiza amadivayisi babanike isikhathi isiqinisekiso e inani iminyaka eyishumi nesithupha, futhi eziningi futhi uthi esikhundleni njalo liyadingeka.

Kodwa ezimweni ezingajwayelekile uma namanje kuziwa ukuthenga imitha entsha, umthengi ongenayo yonke imininingwane ukwenza ukukhetha okungalungile. Uyini imitha kagesi kungcono ukubeka? Okokuqala udinga bajwayelane isimiso imitha, kanye imodeli uhla ekhona.

imitha kagesi lokungeniswa

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-amamitha kagesi: lokungeniswa nawe-elekthronikhi. Yikuphi-e-mail. counter kungcono ukusebenzisa, khetha, funda ulwazi ngezansi.

Ngakho, uhlobo lokuqala kudivayisi - lokukhanda. Isakhiwo voltage lokungeniswa kuhlanganisa esiphikisayo esondweni, disc zensimbi ikhoyili zamanje. Ngoba amandla kazibuthe okubonakala ngenxa ukuxhumana we ohlobo ezimbili, disk metal iqala ukujikisa, ngokuqondene amasondo ujikelezisa ngezinombolo obonisa lemali kwandziswa amandla kagesi.

Abanale mishini kukhona pluses kanye minuses. Izinzuzo akunakubangelwa iphansana izindleko futhi isevisi eside ekuphileni kwabo, futhi embi ngalo - iphutha kule ukufundwa-2%. Kodwa khona eside yalolu hlobo imitha emakethe dwarfs ohlangothini kunalokho enkulu iphutha futhi kubenza zithandwa phakathi abathengi. Ngakho ukuphendula umbuzo yini counter kungcono, ake sicabangele lo uhlobo amadivaysi wesibili.

counter-elekthronikhi

Idivayisi elekthronikhi ngokuyisisekelo ukuhluka okungenhla. Awunazo ngokuphelele noma iziphi izimpawu Mechanics, kanye wamanje ihlinzekwa ngqo chips futhi Semiconductors. Lezi chips futhi ubonise inani ugesi kudliwe, ngokuletha izinombolo esakhelwe iBhodi electronic. The main izici ezinhle zalesi imitha - usayizi encane, idatha elungile, ukubonisa electronic, readout lula futhi nekhono ukubala ukusetshenziswa eziningana ezahlukene tariff izinhlelo. Futhi izindleko okusezingeni eliphezulu nokuphila inkonzo esifushane esifakwe bengamukelekile kuso.

Single-isigaba ugesi amamitha

Ngokusho uhlobo inethiwekhi lapho kukhona uxhumano, amadivayisi metering kagesi zihlukaniswe owodwa esigabeni futhi ezintathu okhombisa.

Single phase amamitha uxhumeke owodwa isigaba ezimbili wire inethiwekhi. Umthwalo Imininingwane kunethiwekhi kanye nenombolo izintambo izici ezinkulu. Single-isigaba ezimali iyunithi elisetshenziswa icala lapho ukusetshenziswa amandla angaphansi kuka-10 kV. Inikeza esiphikisayo 220 V

amadivaysi ezintathu okhombisa

Lezi izinto zokubala uxhumeke kwi-amanethiwekhi ezintathu okhombisa, okuyinto kuyacaca ngamagama abo. Njengoba udinga amandla amaningi ukusebenza kwabo, isetshenzisiwe izitshalo noma isihlangu efulethini izindlu , ezintathu okhombisa zokubala kwamandla kagesi.

Yikuphi okungcono ukufaka indlu yangasese? Ngokuvamile ukubeka umuntu oyedwa-isigaba. Abakwazi ixhunywe futhi kunethiwekhi ezintathu okhombisa, kodwa kuphela uma isigaba ngasinye kuyodingeka leli thuluzi. ezintathu okhombisa ukufakwa imitha kungaba kuphela bathethelele ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yiphi impahla nezimfuneko amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu, isib, apharathasi Welding noma into efana naleyo. Ngesikhathi okukhiphayo counter Imiphumela 380 iphinde ivimbele isakhiwo kusukela ugesi okhuphuka ngokungazelelwe.

Ukwahlukanisa ngaphansi tariff

On the tariff futhi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene amandla amamitha. Yikuphi okungcono?

1. Omunye tariff. Ibala isilinganiso akhethiwe eyodwa kuphela. Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
2. Amabili lengakhokhelwa. It ikuvumela ukubala amandla sokudliwa tariff izinhlelo ezimbili, isibonelo, usuku olulodwa tariff, ebusuku kuhluke ngokuphelele. Asetshenziswa ezimbonini ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlangano lapho umsebenzi wenziwa e amashifu amabili.
3. Multi-tariff. It sinquma amandla kwentengo eziningana ngokushesha futhi kunciphise nezindleko.

Ukwahlukanisa ngohlobo amandla

amadivaysi Single-isigaba ukukala kuphela zikhipha amandla asebenzayo edabula kubo, futhi ezintathu okhombisa, kodwa esebenzayo, kukalwa amandla futhi esisheshayo, kucatshangelwa isiqondiso ukugeleza. Lokhu kusiza ukuba usindise ezintweni ezinkulu.

Ugesi amamitha: yimuphi ongcono?

Ukukhetha counter engcono kudingeka ucabangele ezinye kwemigomo ithuluzi futhi ukufunda okuthile mayelana inethiwekhi.

1. Ukuze sithole choice of esiphikisayo esalisekela noma ezimbili-isigaba, odinga ukukwazi uhlobo amandla, lapho uhlose ukubeka counter. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga nje ukuba banake counter ubudala: uma uthi 220 / 230V, wena-ke kufanele athenge isigaba olulodwa, futhi uma 220 / 380V noma 230 / 400V - isigaba.
2. Yini amamitha kagesi ukumelana ngcono umthwalo? Abaningi banesithakazelo le nkinga. Ekwakheni apharathasi ezivamile siqhutshwa ngesikhathi umthwalo akazidluli 60A namandla 15 kW. Uma ngokungazelelwe inethiwekhi idlula lezi zibalo, kubalulekile ukuthola idivayisi umthwalo esiphezulu 100A. Amapharamitha ngokuvamile kubonakala ukuvula imishini izakhiwo.
3. Inombolo amazinga kumele uzazise. Uma ukukhokhela inzuzo ngaphezulu, ngaphambi kokufaka amadivayisi ezikhethekile iziphathimandla ezifanele kuyadingeka ukucacisa ukuthi bayakwazi ukuba ngikunike leli. Kungenjalo, imishini uthenge awulona ewusizo.
4. Ngaphambi kokukhetha kufanele futhi sinake kukho obandayo. Nakuba-ke akuphazamisi izinga counter umsebenzi, kodwa lokhu kungase kubangele izinkinga ukufakwa. Uma unquma ukufaka counter ngaphakathi efulethini ne umshini Modular futhi RCD kwelinye ibhokisi plastic (HagerGolf, Volta, Vector noma amandla) noma kwelinye yensimbi isihlangu SCHRN ke udinga imitha single- noma ezintathu okhombisa e Modular din-wesitimela (akuzona zonke amadivayisi inhlokomo-wesitimela modularity esingokwemvelo). Ebhokisini plastic usebenzisa imishudo ezintathu noma zesikhashana wesitimela kwenhlangano ukuze imitha kagesi. Futhi lokho kungcono ukubeka imitha amandla phezu ezingaphandle kwesakhiwo, ukulinganisa kanye nokuvikelwa amayunithi? Kuyinto BIZ kangcono, CB-1 H-9, Schur-8. Ngaphambi ukunikela lokuzikhethela: noma ukuthenga counter lokukhuphula ku din-wesitimela noma phezu flat. Kodwa uma ukhetha ukufaka din-wesitimela namanje lithengwe. Kuyokwenzeka okufanayo ukufakwa amadivayisi metering e isihlangu metal uhlobo SCHURN noma SCHRUN.

5. Wathi esiphikisayo engcono sinekhono ezihlukahlukene ezengeziwe, ezifana izibani, ukubala ngokungabi bikho voltage noma ukusakaza ulwazi isibonisi. Nokho, le misebenzi ukusebenza noma ukusebenza kahle zedivayisi ngeke kube umphumela. Bazokwazi yini noma cha, kuphuma kuwe.
6. Kasibili wonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, idivayisi ngaphambi kokuthi ufike emakethe, angaphansi isimo audit (ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuqonda) efektri. Lapho yokuqinisekisa uphumelele kudivayisi ipasipoti wanyathela, futhi ngaleli cala - gosplomba. Futhi, ipasipoti kumele kube Samandla usuku, futhi uphawu ngokwayo - Ikota nonyaka zokuhlola. Enye esiphikisayo ukuba uphawu nokuhloma amandla kokunikeza inkampani esikhathini esingeqile eminyakeni emibili, futhi ezintathu okhombisa leso sikhathi mfushane enyakeni owodwa. Futhi kubalulekile ukuba ngezikhathi hlola ukunemba izibalo of the counter futhi isebenza. Yingakho amadivayisi sinjalo okuthiwa mezhproverochny isikhawu ukuthi zobuchwepheshe metering zokhahlamba kusuka eminyakeni eyishumi nesithupha, ngoba usuku zokukhiqiza.
7. Uma uthenge idivayisi ebala ugesi, akufanele ukhohlwe ukubheka ekilasini ukunemba. Le nkomba kukuvumela ukwazi iphutha esiphezulu olungavimba kwikhawunta izibalo. Ngokwesilinganiso, izibalo zabathanda izakhiwo zokuhlala kuyinto 2%.

Izinkampani ezikhiqiza okungcono amandla amamitha

Ngokwesinye isikhulu enkampanini izibalo Abarcad ikomkhulu eMoscow, ngo-2012, amamitha kagesi angaphezulu kwezigidi eziyisishiyagalombili senziwe Insimu Russian Federation, zazo share sengonyama (90%) babe amadivayisi owodwa esigabeni. Kuthiwa kule sithombe ekhaya ngokuvamile esikhundleni amamitha kagesi.

Yikuphi okungcono ukuyisebenzisa? Kuyaziwa ukuthi abangaphezu kuka-¾ yazo zonke ukukhiqizwa eRussia ewela izinkampani ezintathu Russian. Phakathi kwabo kukhona ukukhathazeka "Energomer" (laseStavropol), inkampani "Incotex" (eMoscow) kanye ubambe "eMoscow Plant Instrumentation". Oholela indawo kule trio ithatha "Energomer" nge-40% ukukhiqizwa ku fa, ngoba ixazululwe "Incotex" futhi "eMoscow Plant Instrumentation" nge 29 futhi 7% ngokulandelana. Intengo yezinto zokubala yasekhaya lingaphansi kakhulu kumazwe aphesheya, kodwa umehluko izinga ayibonakali kakhulu.

abaholi ugesi imitha emakethe

Ukuze ukwazi ukunquma ukuthi yini ezilungele kangcono ukubeka counter, sixoxe ngala izinkampani umniningwane elengeziwe:

1. Ukukhathazeka kusukela laseStavropol 'Energomer "ungumnikazi ambalwa izitshalo hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa emazweni CIS. It ngokukhethekile Ekhiqizako izinga okusezingeni yokulinganisa kumadivayisi we zonke izinhlobo zamandla, intengo zazo kuhluka amayunithi 13 kuya 330 lwemali European.
2. "Incotex" - inhlangano ngobukhulu basezindlini ngokunakekelwa izimboni ku Russian Federation nangale. I okukhethekile walesi inkampani ukuthuthukiswa kanye iqoqo zobuchwepheshe, ezihlanganisa amamitha kagesi futhi zonke izinhlobo.
3. "EMoscow instrumentation Isitshalo" (MZIP). inkampani Old wahlanganyela zokukhiqiza amadivayisi ugesi metering kanye nemishini ehlukahlukene emsakazweni. Inani lamadivayisi ekhiqizwa kukhona esalisekela kanye ezimbili-isigaba ugesi amamitha.