Russia - zwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Kungase kushiwo izikhala engapheli, njengoba babezohlala welulela ngu angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-17 square metres. km, okuyinto ebangela cishe 12% surface eMhlabeni.
Russia - emazweni ngokuphakeme ezimbonini athuthukile nge ezifakwa ocebile igesi, amafutha namanye amaminerali. Yilokho okwasiza wakhe ukuthatha isikhundla aholayo phakathi kwamanye amazwe, cishe ngo-100% sincike fuel kukhiqizwa. Industrial imizi Russia (uhlu uzonikezwa ngezansi) yakha isendlalelo ukuthuthukiswa komnotho. izikhungo ezinjalo mayelana 300. Bona zitholakala eliseMpumalanga Ekude, Urals, engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Caucasus. Ezinye amadolobha zitholakala maphakathi Russia.
ngezigaba
Ngakho, yini izikhungo yezimboni ekhetheke kangaka futhi ezinye zazo kakhulu-kakhulu? Industrial edolobheni e-Russia zingakhokhelwa ahlukaniswe abe amaqembu amaningana, eqondiswa izimpawu ezithile:
- Iqembu lokuqala liqukethe izikhungo ezakhiwa ngesikhathi sokubusa kwamaSoviet. Ngemva zihlela kabusha futhi izimboni ziye ezizimele futhi idluliselwe nemithetho emisha. Ngokuqinisekile, sesimanje safuna esiningi nemali, kodwa manje ekukhiqizeni ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso ze-European. Kuleli qembu amadolobha 150, ke Surgut, saseTomsk, Krasnoyarsk et al.
- Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa a izikhungo ingxenye ukuthi okuthiwa abathengi ezimbonini. It iholwa esifundeni eMoscow ngo.
- Iqembu lesithathu - izikhungo yezimboni Russia. Amadolobha abe evumayo isikhundla womhlaba, kodwa ngasizathu simbe ongakabi besibhekene sesimanje. Ukuze ukubuyisa ngokugcwele amakhono abo, kuba ukumnika ledzingekako imali enkulu. Nokho, leyo mizi bayatfutfuka ngezithukuthuku ezinye izindawo, ezifana izimbobo ezinkulu, zokuthutha Izikhumulo, kanye nezokuvakasha.
- Eyesine iqembu - emisha. Umkhakha kula madolobha isebenza ubuchwepheshe bamuva. It kungenziwa ngokuthi isisekelo isimo, evumela ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele.
- Iqembu yesihlanu kuhlanganisa ezimbili amadolobhakazi amakhulu yeRussia. EMoscow Petersburg abe nomthelela omkhulu emkhakheni wezimboni yezwe.
Sibheka ngokuningiliziwe imizi yezimboni Russia. Uhlu kwekulu zalezi lapha ngenzansi.
First Place - eMoscow
Inhloko-dolobha ye Russian Federation ine imali yonyaka ruble 1.9 trillion. Lapha, izimboni amaningi asethuthukile ezifana isiqoqi sama-softwe, igesi kanye uwoyela. Futhi elikhula ngokushesha ngempela izimboni ezenza imithi kanye nokudla. izitshalo ezinkulu kanye nezimboni abasebenza e Moscow, kukhona inala yokupaka emagalaji, emafektri kanye semininingwane ahlukahlukene, ubunjiniyela kanye nezikhungo ucwaningo lwesayensi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inhlokodolobha kuyinto zokuthutha thutha, esithinta ngokugcwele ukuthuthukiswa imboni wesitimela, yezimoto kanye zezindiza.
Petersburg - isikhundla yesibili ohlwini
inzuzo yayo yonyaka wonke 1.3 isigidintathu ruble. Umnikelo main esenziwe izimboni ezilandelayo: yensimbi nensimbi, okulungisa ukudla, isakhiwo umshini, shipbuilding nezinye Petersburg nofanelekayo usesikhundleni okuholela ohlwini "emadolobheni amakhulu yezimboni Russia.". Kukhona ezisebenza ngempumelelo corporations global njengevolomu Nissan, Intel, Toyota. bona zonke ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-European. ukunakekela okukhethekile banikezwe umkhakha zamakhemikhali. Izimpumelelo kule ndawo alethwe Russia ezingeni emhlabeni.
indawo Okwesithathu - Surgut
Akhiwe enyakatho yezwe, Surgut ingenye izikhungo ngobukhulu yezimboni Russia. inzuzo Ezazimzungezile - ruble ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-800. Ngenxa isizinda igesi namafutha kanye processing kwalo okwalandela, kwezomnotho inhlalakahle emzini likhula ngokushesha. Uma eqhathaniswa izikhungo efanayo Surgut ungumholi ephelele. Cishe zonke izinkampani ezisohlwini ku-OJSC "Surgutneftegaz" Okusele. Kukhona ugesi athuthukiswe kahle ngempela.
Nizhnevartovsk phezulu emihlanu
Idolobhana itholakala esifundeni esise-Ural. Izinto zenani elikhulu zomuntu esifundeni ngokuyinhloko ngenxa ngobukhulu ensimini uwoyela. lapha futhi kukhishwe nokucubungula igesi, okuyinto ke zithunyelwe emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Enyakatho kukhona imizi yezimboni eRussia, ngcono inhlalakahle lonke izwe. Ngokwesibonelo, kunomthelela Imininingwane Nizhnevartovsk igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini cishe 500 billion, kuyivumela ukuba luthathe indawo 4th kule simo. Amafutha kanye negesi eziyinkimbinkimbi iholwa NK "Rosneft", kukhona ezifana amabhizinisi ezinkulu ngokuthi "PNP", "SNG" nabanye. Libuye uzinake inkampani "RussNeft", eyasungulwa ngosizo lwezimali yeqembu elikhulu Swiss Glencore.
endaweni yesihlanu - Omsk
Million idolobha Omsk kuyinto sokuqondisa. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ihabhu ezokuthutha ngobukhulu. inzuzo baso bafinyelela ruble 400 billion. Kukhona ukudla evuthiwe futhi umkhakha ukukhanya, Aerospace, zamakhemikhali petroleum yokucwenga. The main ibhizinisi imidondoshiya kukhona "Gazprom" impahla. Ngisho ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe lapha zabantu zathuthelwa kwezinye izindawo izimboni ngobukhulu, ibhizinisi main zazo - engineering kanye Petrochemical umkhakha.
indawo Sixth - Perm
Okuhlukahlukene umkhakha Perm ine ukubaluleka ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wezwe. somholo wonyaka singaphansi kuka-ruble angu-350 billion. Kuyinto ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni esindayo umkhakha: ukhuni ukucutshungulwa, ubunjiniyela, igesi namafutha. umnikelo eside kwenziwa, futhi izimboni ezifana amakhemikhali, amandla kagesi, kanye ukudla zokunyathelisa. Komholo ku Perm esifundeni ngo-2013 zaba cishe izinkulungwane 25. Ruble. Ngalesi Perm wajoyina uhlu "emadolobheni amakhulu yezimboni Russia", imiphakathi kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu.
Inhloko-dolobha ye-Republic of Bashkortostan - Ufa
Isikhundla yesikhombisa ku simo emadolobheni zezimboni Russian kuthatha Ufa. On insimu yalo kukhona emakamu enkulu kwimisebenzi ehlukile. Imikhakha ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi ukhuni ngensimbi, uwoyela, ifayela eliwumthombo. Libuye indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho udlala izitshalo amandla ezishisayo. Lapha, ukwakhiwa amandla enuzi saqalwa, kodwa wayeka wonke umsebenzi ngemuva kwengozi eChernobyl. Okwamanje, ngokuvumelana uhlelo federal, ukwakhiwa esikhungweni sokuphehla amandla enuzi namanje okuhleliwe.
indawo lesishiyagalombili - Norilsk
Umuzi esenyakatho Norilsk Itholakala Krasnoyarsk Territory. lapho bakhona ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 150. Man. Izimo zokuphila ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi ikakhulu ngenxa yezimo zezulu. Iningi izimayini kanye umkhakha Metallurgical futhi umkhakha of izinsimbi non-ayoni. Ingabe endaweni yesishiyagalombili simo "wemizi emikhulu yezimboni Russia", Norilsk has a inzuzo ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-300. Kwenqwaba imali is yezimayini zegolide, palladium, i-platinum nezinye izinsimbi eziyigugu.
indawo lesishiyagalolunye - Chelyabinsk
Okuwukuphela idolobha eRussia nge-scheme omusha kuhulumeni. Chelyabinsk itholakala emithambekeni empumalanga yezintaba zase-Ural. Lena ngempela isikhungo esikhulu nge inzuzo ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-300. Kuwo wonke ekukhiqizeni i-cishe u-50% zensimbi steel. Futhi uzinake, kanye nezimboni ezifana insimbi, ukucutshungulwa metal, ifayela eliwumthombo. Okuhle lapha futhi ithuthukiswe ukukhanya umkhakha. Industrial amadolobha aseRussia, Chelyabinsk ngokukhethekile, zaziwa eliphezulu Alloys. Kulapha iningi ore kusetshenzwe, komzila ekhiqizwa, amapayipi, kanye nogandaganda, Cranes, forklifts.
Ucedzela phezulu Novokuznetsk eziyishumi
Kutholwe Novokuznetsk e eNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Umthamo engenayo izimboni ruble 260 billion. It is ithuthukiswe kahle embonini yamalahle, okuyinto ingenye ngobukhulu kuleli zwe. Futhi indima enkulu emnothweni kudlalwa yokusansimbi futhi ngensimbi. Nazi amabhizinisi ngokwanele onohlonze wahlanganyela energetics. Edolobheni has izimboni ezingaphezu kuka-50, ukuthi kuyivumela ukuba ithathe indawo efanele yeshumi eziphezulu ezingu-10 "Amadolobha amaningi enkulu yezimboni Russia." Ngokudabukisayo, usenesikhathi 2013, bekulokhu ukusikeka omkhulu kwezinye izimboni.