Ngwenya American: ohlwini. Projects ngwenya yenuzi

Lasolwandle zanoma yiliphi izwe - is a indlela enamandla containment geopolitical. A ngwenya imikhumbi, ngokubakhona kwazo kuthinta kwamaZwe kanye kwengxabano izingxabano. Uma ekhulwini XIX, eBrithani kuchazwe emngceleni uhlangothi frigates alo ezempi, ekhulwini XX umholi izilwandle zomhlaba iba imikhumbi e-United States of America. Futhi lemikhumbi-ngwenya elibizwa American iye yafeza indima.

semqoka kakhulu ukubaluleka

Submarine imikhumbi uthola i-Melika ziba ezibalulekile. Ngokomlando, izwe yayivinjelwe imingcele amanzi, kube nzima ukuhlasela esikhoselweni wesitha. Njengoba sekunama emhlabeni zanamuhla ngwenya kwamanzi nezikhali ezicitshwayo 'ngwenya - emoyeni ", kwalemincele kuthiwa ziba limnyama Melika.

ngxabano kwayibhebhethekisa wezangaPhandle ne emazweni amaSulumane kwenza usongo izimpilo zezakhamuzi of America yangempela. Islamists Iranian kungukuthi bashiya imizamo yazo ukuze zithole lezo kweminsalo 'ngwenya - emoyeni ", futhi usongo zonke izikhungo elisogwini Melika. Futhi kulokhu, ukubhujiswa kuyoba makhulu. Melana kuhlasela kakade kusukela amanzi kungaba abaphikisi efanayo.

Lamanje enguMengameli waseMelika Donald Trump interview yakhe yokuqala ukuthi uhlose eminye ukwandisa US ngwenya imikhumbi. Kodwa ngaphansi kombandela owodwa - ukunciphisa izindleko zawo. Lena into kuwufanele ngicabanga corporations ukuthi ukwakha yenuzi US ngwenya. Okungase kufaniswe asevele ekhona. Ngemva Donald Trump wathi isikhalazo ku-Boeing Inkampani nokulethwa fighter eshibhile, Lockheed Martin inkampani kuye kwanciphisa intengo fighter F -35.

elwa amandla

Namuhla, US ngwenya Izikebhe amandla ogxile athomu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho befeza imisebenzi kuleli khono ukulwa kuzokhawulelwa kuphela inani ukudla namanzi ebhodini. Ezinye zezinto eziningi kakhulu ngwenya ikilasi "eLos Angeles." Lokhu izikebhe oyisizukulwane sesithathu nge ukuhamba elingamathani angaba ngu-7, ukujula diving kuze kufinyelele ngamamitha 300 futhi zibiza mayelana $ 1 million. Nokho, Okwamanje, Melika esikhundleni izikebhe kwesizukulwane sesine "Virginia" ekilasini, sikuhlomele kangcono futhi kuwufanele $ 2.7 million. Futhi le ntengo ulungisiswa ukusebenza kwabo bukhoma.

effectives

Namuhla, i-US Navy uhola kanye nenombolo, futhi kuhlomisa izingalo asolwandle. Amabutho asolwandle wase-United States siqukethe 14 ngwenya yenuzi zamasu nezokwenza 58 kuhlasela ngwenya.

US wezempi ngwenya imikhumbi ifakwe ezimbili izinhlobo ngwenya:

• Ocean isikebhe ballistic. Ekujuleni kolwandle ngwenya, umgomo zazo izikhali kwezidingo endaweni futhi udaba yezikhali ezicitshwayo ballistic. Ngamanye amazwi, bebizwa zamasu. Defense isikhali ayimelelwa a firepower eqinile.
• "Izikebhe - abazingeli." High-speed izikebhe, emigomweni okuyizinto enemisebenzi: lokuthumela cruise ejikijelwayo yokugcinwa kokuthula amabutho ezonini ingxabano, ukuhlasela umbani futhi abhubhise amabutho esitha anamandla. ngwenya ezinjalo ngokuthi Amatebhe. ngokucacile zabo - isivinini, maneuverability futhi ngobuqili.

Qala yentuthuko navigation kwamanzi e Melika iqala phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule. Umthamo isihloko awusikiseli array okunjalo kokwaziswa. Sigxila arsenal zenuzi, olwakhiwa ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili. Ekuhlaziyeni arsenal kwamanzi enuzi Armed Forces of America uyosingatha, ukunamathela iBhayibheli ngohlelo lokulandelana kwezenzakalo isimiso.

Eyokuqala zenuzi zokuhlola

E-Connecticut ngisemsebenzini e Groton ngoJanuwari 1954 ke wethulwa ngwenya okokuqala American "Nautilus» (USS Nautilus) nge ukuhamba elingamathani angaba ngu-4 million kanye nobude amamitha 100. Weza e yalolu hambo lokuqala unyaka wonke. Kufana 'Nautilus "ngo-1958 I wokuqala waba ngaphansi kwamanzi e-North Pole ukuthi sezizakuphela siyinhlekelele - sokuphuka periscope yokwehluleka navigation systems. Kwaba zokuhlola kanye kuphela multi-purpose torpedo emkhunjini ukufakwa sonar e umnsalo, torpedoes nasemuva. I ngwenya "Barracuda" (1949-1950) sikhombisa indawo impumelelo.

Nuclear US ngwenya obhekwe ubophekile unjiniyela wemikhumbi yempi, engemuva Admiral Hyman George Rickover (1900-1986).

Ukulandela mklamo waba i-USS Seawolf (SSN-575), nayo eyakhululwa ngo ikhophi eyodwa ngo-1957. Wawunodonga ophendulayo zensimbi ketshezi njengamafutha kokupholisayo kumjikelezo ophendulayo kuqala.

Eyokuqala zenuzi ukukhiqizwa

Uchungechunge ngwenya ezine elakhiwa ngo 1956-1957, - "Skate» (USS Skate). Babewumphakathi US amabutho ahlomile futhi zilotshwé off ngasekupheleni 80-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule.

Uchungechunge izikebhe eziyisithupha - «Skipjack» (1959). Kuze 1964, lokhu ochungechungeni ngobukhulu. Izikebhe kwadingeka "albakorovskuyu" umzimba shape kanye eliphakeme labantwana kuze kube uchungechunge "Los Angeles".

Ngesikhathi esifanayo (1959-1961) uqale uchungechunge ngwenya yenuzi ezikhethekile kunombolo emihlanu - ". Dzhordzh Vashington" Lesi yisihloko sokuqala ballistic isikebhe phrojekthi. isikebhe ngasinye kwaba 16 silos ngoba imicibisholo evuthayo Polaris A-1. ukunemba ngokudubula anda hygroscopic eliletha ukuthula, izikhathi eziyisihlanu kunciphisa amplitude ngaleso amamitha angu-50 ukujula.

Lokhu kwalandelwa amaphrojekthi ngwenya enuzi nesisodwa i uchungechunge yokulinga Triton, i-halibut, Tullibe. Abaklami American baye bazama phelelisa uhlelo navigation namandla izinhlelo.

Uchungechunge elikhulu izikebhe esisetshenziselwa, esikhundleni Skipjack, siqukethe 14 ngwenya yenuzi Treaher.Poslednyaya u elingasekho empini ngo-1996.

Uchungechunge uBenjamin Franklin - ngwenya SSBNs "Lafayette". Ekuqaleni laba bebehlome ngezibhamu ezicitshwayo ballistic. In the 70s rearmed nge micibisholo "Poseidon" bese "Trident-1." Nambili izikebhe Series uBenjamin Franklin wajoyina imikhumbi ye-ngwenya amasu ku-1960, obizwa ngokuthi "41 phezu abaqaphi inkululeko." Kwakukhona kuwe yonke imikhumbi yemikhumbi zethiwa izibalo emlandweni American.

Uchungechunge ngobukhulu - USS Sturgeon - ngwenya yenuzi esisetshenziselwa kuhlanganisa 37 ngwenya, wadala esikhathini 1871 kuya ku-1987. Isici ehlukile - ongaphakeme umsindo ezingeni nezinzwa for ice ngomkhumbi.

Izikebhe ukukhonza e-US Navy

Kusukela 1976 kuya ku-1996, ukuhlobisa Navy eyenziwe ngwenya esisetshenziselwa uthayiphe Los Angeles. Ubude ekhiqizwa 62 izikebhe kulolu chungechunge, lokhu ochungechungeni elikhulu multi-purpose ngwenya. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhali torpedoes futhi mpo iziqhumane ezicitshwayo "Tomahawk" ne izinhlelo homing. Nine-Los Angeles-class izikebhe ezimpini kweMpi YaseGulf. Sikhungo GE-PWR S6G 26 MW akhiwa "General Electric". Kungenxa nalesi uchungechunge iqala isiko ukuqamba amagama izikebhe imizi Melika. Namuhla, njengengxenye US Navy 40 izikebhe alesi sigaba inkonzo ukulwa.

Uchungechunge ngwenya yenuzi amasu, bephume 1881 kuya ku-1997, siqukethe 18 ngwenya nge ezicitshwayo ballistic ebhodini - uchungechunge "Ohio". I ngwenya is ehlome oluthile, ngalolu chungechunge 24 InterContinental ezicitshwayo ballistic ngesiqondiso ngabanye. Ukuze uvikeleke, basuke behlome ngemibese torpedo amashubhu ezine. "Ohio" - ngwenya, okuyinto ngesisekelo amabutho okuhlaselayo US Navy, 60% of the time wayengumuntu olwandle.

Le phrojekthi yakamuva ngwenya enuzi isizukulwane sesithathu multi-purpose "Seawolf" (1998-1999). Lena iphrojekthi osithekile US Navy. Wabizwa "ethuthukile Los Angeles" okwesikhathi buthule ikakhulukazi. Wabonakala futhi wanyamalala radars engabonwa. Isizathu - ekhethekile umsindo nangokuvikela enamathela, ukwehluleka isikulufo esivuna uhlobo jet injini kanye isingeniso ebanzi umsindo izinzwa. isivinini Ukwakhiwa kwamafindo 20, okwenza kube ezinomsindo efanayo "Los Angeles", esimelela ku ezixukwini. Zonke izikebhe zalolu chungechunge ezintathu "Seawolf", "CT" futhi "Dzhimmi Karter". Lesi sakamuva eyalwa ngo-2005, nokuthi lokhu isikebhe ilawula isinqamuli kule sizini yochungechunge ithelevishini yesibili "Terminator:. I Sarah Connor IziKronike" Lokhu waphinda kuqinisekisa ubunjalo kumnandi yalezi zikebhe kokubili ukubukeka kanye nokuqukethwe. "Dzhimmi Karter" futhi kuthiwa yi-"indlovu elimhlophe" phakathi subs kunomzimba waso (ubude isikebhe nabo 30 metres). Futhi ngokusho izici zayo , le ngwenya angabhekwa kakade ngwenya.

Underwater zakamuva izikebhe isizukulwane

Ngokuzayo US Navy e-shipbuilding kwamanzi waqala 2000 iminyaka futhi ihlobene isigaba esisha USS Virginia ekilasini ngwenya. Isikebhe sokuqala sale ekilasini SSN-744 umkhankaso futhi wasungula ngo-2003.

Imikhumbi-ngwenya-US Navy lolu hlobo libizwa yezikhali arsenal enamandla imishini, kanye "Ingqapheli enhle", ngoba izinhlelo kunzima kakhulu futhi ebucayi sezinzwa afaka nakumikhumbingwenya.

Ukushayela emanzini kuqhathaniswa engajulile lihlinzeka ngenjini-athomu nge enuzi, okuyinto kugcinwa uhlelo imfihlo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ophendulayo yakhelwe for a lifetime iminyaka engu-30. Izinga umsindo kuyehla ngohlelo isehlane amakamelo design zanamuhla block amandla "umlomo" enamathela.

ukusebenza Jikelele izici USS Virginia izikebhe ekilasini, okuyinto namuhla ethunywe nantathu:

• Izinga afika ku 34 ifindo (64 km / h);
• ekushoniseni afika ku 448 metres ukujula;
• kusuka 100 kuya zezisebenzi 120;
• Surface ukufuduka - amathani 7.8;
• ubude 200 meters kanye ububanzi mayelana 10 amamitha;
• Isikhungo sokuphehla amandla enuzi uhlobo GE S9G.

Sekukonke, uchungechunge inikeza ukukhululwa kwe 28 ngwenya "Virginia" nge esikhundleni kancane kancane arsenal Navy ku kwesizukulwane sesine izikebhe.

Isikebhe Mishel Obamy

Ngo-Agasti nyakenye ngesikhathi ngisemsebenzini wezempi e Groton (CT) eyalwa 13-class ngwenya i-USS Virginia nenombolo sikebhe SSN -786 futhi igama "Illinois» (Illinois). Wawuqamba ngokuthi behlonipha isimo ungowokuzalwa Ugogo lokuqala Mishel Obamy, ababa nesandla ku ukuqaliswa kwalo ngo-Okthoba 2015. I zokuqala we lady wokuqala, ngokwemfundiso yesiko, kuthiwa wanyathela omunye izingxenye ngwenya.

ngwenya yenuzi 'Illinois "115 budze kanye zezisebenzi 130 ebhodini ifakwe unmanned izimoto zangaphansi kwamanzi ezithuthukile ukuze kutholwe okwami, esangweni for abatshuzi nezinye izinto ezengeziwe. Inhloso ngwenya beqhuba imisebenzi angasogwini nasemaxhaphozini ekujuleni kolwandle.

Esikhundleni yendabuko isikebhe periscope uhlelo telescopic usebenza nge ikhamera ye-TV, i-laser inzwa observation infrared.

Firepower izikebhe: 2 ukufakwa uhlobo ezijikelezayo 6 no-12 mpo kwethulwa cruise micibisholo "Tomahawk" futhi 4 torpedo amashubhu kanye 26 torpedoes.

Inani izindleko sub - $ 2.7 billion.

Ithemba isakhiwo lempi kwamanzi

I gaba US Navy waphikelela ngokuthi esikhundleni kancane kancane ingenakukwazi fuel ngwenya izikebhe, sibe cishe akukho imikhawulo ngokuziphatha imisebenzi yezempi - ne ngamandla enuzi. esizukulwaneni sesine ngwenya yenuzi 'Virginia "inikeza ukuba kukhululwe 28 ngwenya alesi sigaba. Esikhundleni kancane kancane arsenal zamabutho asolwandle phezu kwesizukulwane sesine izikebhe kuzokhulisa isilinganiso kanye ukulwa amandla US Army.

Kodwa amahhovisi design uqhubeke ukusebenzisa futhi unikele amaphrojekthi abo ezempi.

Landing ngwenya American

Sihlale sicashile kokwehla amabutho ensimini ka isitha - okungukuthi ngenhloso yonke imisebenzi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni. Ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili, kwakungenzeka lokhu kwezobuchwepheshe Melika yavela. Bureau of shipbuilding (Bureau of Ihamba) lithole i-oda i ngwenya ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni. Projects avele, kodwa amabutho lokubikezela babengenalo ukusekelwa ngokwezimali, kanti imikhumbi akanandaba umbono.

Kusukela ucabangela sina izinhlelo zibandakanya iphrojekthi Seaforth Iqembu yenkampani ezavela 1988. Yakhiwe kubo kokufika ngwenya S-60 kufaka ekwehleleni emanzini at ibanga amakhilomitha 50 ogwini, engizakubhapathizwa a 5 amamitha ukujula. With ijubane 5 ifindo umsiki kwamanzi ifinyelela ugu emoyeni noma umhlaba 60 amabhuloho retractable at ibanga amamitha 100 kusuka osebeni. Nakuba lo msebenzi akekho wathenga.

Ukuthembeka, osekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziswa

I ngwenya endala kunawo wonke emhlabeni, okuyinto kuze kube yilolu suku njengoba ihlanganyela enkonzweni - umkhumbi "SS 791 Bala Hai Shih" ( «Sea Lion"), inkampani ephethwe Taiwan Navy. ngwenya American eMpini Yezwe II, wakha igceke lemikhumbi Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, ngo-1945, wandisa ngwenya ezempi US Navy. Uneziqu umkhankaso wokulwa August 1945 elwandle eliKhulu iPacific. Ngemva ngcono eziningana, ngo-1973 wayiswa eTaiwan China isibe isikebhe sokuqala ezisebenza.

Ngo-January 2017 i-cindezela libike ukuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-18 yesondlo esihleliweko shipyards shipbuilding Corporation Taiwan International shipbuilding Corporation «ulwandle ingonyama" izobamba a ukulungisa jikelele futhi imishini olwandle. Le misebenzi ngeke kunwetshwe impilo inkonzo ngwenya ize 2026.

Veteran ukukhiqizwa US ngwenya, alifani nelamuntu, ihlele ukugubha ayisishiyagalombili lokuzalwa impi.

amaqiniso kakhulu edabukisayo

izibalo uvulelekile futhi akafihli lutho ku abalimala nezingozi ngoxhaxha ngwenya-United States asipheli. Nokho, kungaba okufanayo wathi mayelana Russia. Lezo zinto zenziwa zaba yomphakathi, izokwethulwa kulesi sahluko.

Ngo-1963 ukuhlolwa umkhankaso wezinsuku ezimbili yaphela ngemva kokufa ngwenya American "thresher". Imbangela olusemthethweni yengozi - ukugeleza kwamanzi ngaphansi kwalesi sikebhe kunesikebhe. Muffled yisimo ngwenya ophendulayo, futhi waya ukujula, ukuthatha impilo zezisebenzi 112 17 abantu abangekho empini. Izinsalela we ngwenya at a 2560 amamitha ukujula. Lona ingozi zobuchwepheshe ngwenya okokuqala zenuzi.

Ngo-1968, e-Atlantic Ocean yanyamalala unomphela multi-purpose ngwenya yenuzi 'Scorpion »(USS Scorpion). Le nguqulo esemthethweni ye ukufa - the detonation nezinhlamvu. Kodwa imfihlakalo kusalokhu namuhla imfihlakalo, nokufa kwalo Mkhululi isitsha. Ngo-2015, i-US Navy sobudala seliphinde wanxusa kuhulumeni ukwakha ikhomishana ukuthi iphenye sigameko, ukucacisa inombolo izisulu futhi ukunquma isimo sabo.

Ngo-1969, i-ukwazi kucwila we ngwenya i-USS Guitarro ebizwa inombolo 665. Kwathi odongeni quay futhi at a 10 metres ukujula. Ukungabibikho kokuxhumana nokunganaki ongoti Samandla amathuluzi kwaholela izikhukhula. Lifting nezikebhe ekubuyiseleni abiza American wentela yizigidi ezingu-20 zamaRandi.

Isikebhe ikilasi "Los Angeles", okuyinto wathatha ingxenye ukuthwetshulwa "Ukuzingelwa Red Okthoba" May 14, 1989 eduze nogu California, exhunyiwe ikhebuli yokuxhuma nethonya futhi isikebhe esinesinqe esibanzi sokuthwala impahla. Lesi sikebhe esingamathani eyenziwa dive kokuqina okwesikhathi donsa. Izihlobo kwelungu isikejana esincane esidonsa izikebhe ezinkudlwana nemikhumbi nezisebenzi abashona ngalolo suku, wathola isinxephezelo kusukela Navy in inani $ 1.4 million.