Dmitry Kedrin: biography namaqiniso athakazelisayo okuvela ekuphileni

UDkt. Kedrina, omunye wabalobi abanolwazi lweRussia emva kokuguquka, uvula izimfihlakalo zokuphila nokufa. Unina wayeyindodakazi engashadile yesikhulu esinezimpande zasePoland. Kodwa esaba ukuhlazeka nokuthukuthela kukayise, washiya umfana emndenini nomhlengikazi omanzi. Ikusasa lembongi lamukelwa ngumyeni kadadewabo.

Njengokuthi isiphetho esibi silingisa imbongi yonke impilo yakhe emfushane. Akazange abe neyakhe ekhoneni, wazinika isikhathi esiningi emsebenzini wakhe, wathola imali encane, futhi wahlehliswa umsebenzi ongashicilelwe etafuleni.

Naphezu kwezibuyekezo ezimbi kakhulu zeBagritsky, iMeakovsky, iGorky, indlu yokushicilela ngaphansi kwezizathu ezihlukahlukene ayifuni ukushicilela izincwadi zikaKedrin. Yonke imibhalo yakhe enqatshiwe umlobi ebeka etafuleni ngaphambi kokufika kwezilaleli.

Incwadi kuphela ephuma ngesikhathi sokuphila kwembongi kwakuyiqoqo loFakazi (1940). Umbhalo wesandla ubuyiselwe izikhathi ezingu-13 ukuqedela. Ngenxa yalokho, le ncwadi inemibongo engu-17 esele.

Dmitry Kedrin. Biography

Ubusika obusika isifuba esinethalente sivele. Ngo-February 4, 1907, uDmitry Borisovich Kedrin wazalwa edolobheni laseShcheglovka. Umkhulu wakhe wayeyipani lami elinguPoland. URuto-Rutenko-Rutnitsky. Indodakazi yakhe encane, u-Olga, unina womlobi, wabeletha umfana engashadile. Wamukelwa ngumyeni kakanina kaBoris Kedrin, owanika imbongi igama lakhe negama lakhe. Ngo-1914 uyise kaDmitry wafa, futhi abesifazane abathathu baqala ukumnakekela-unina ka-Olga Ivanovna, odadewabo nogogo.

Ngesikhathi uDmitry eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala, umndeni wakhe wathuthela e-Ekaterinoslav, manje eseyiDnepropetrovsk. Ngo-1916, eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye ubudala, imbongi yesikhathi esizayo uDmitry Kedrin wangena ekolishi lokuhweba. Engakatholi khona ulwazi oludingekayo, waqala ukuzifundela, okuyinto wazinikela cishe sonke isikhathi sakhe samahhala. Wayethanda ukufunda kuphela umlando nezincwadi, kodwa futhi ne-geography, i-botany, ifilosofi, uDmitry Kedrin. I-biography eqhubekayo isitshela ukuthi etafuleni wayenesichazamazwi sombhalo kanye nemibhalo yombhalo mayelana nokuphila kwezilwane. Ngalesi sikhathi esifanayo, waqala ukuhlanganyela ngokujulile ezinkondlweni. Izingqikithi zezinkondlo zaleso sikhathi zazinikezelwa izinguquko ezweni.

Ukufunda nokusebenzisana nabamemezeli

I-revolution eyenzeka ngo-1917, kanye ne-Civil War yashintsha izinhlelo zomlobi. Qhubeka ufunda uDmitry Kedrin wakwazi kuphela ngo-1922, ngesikhathi eseniswa esikoleni sezobuchwepheshe. Kodwa akazange aqede lesi sikhungo ngenxa yemibono embi. Futhi ngo-1924, imbongi yayisijoyina intatheli encwadini ethi "The Coming Change". Ngesikhathi esifanayo waqala ukusebenza enhlanganweni ethi "Young Smithy" uDmitry Borisovich Kedrin. I-biography yenkondlo ithi ngaleso sikhathi wabhala izinhlayiyana kubaholi bokukhiqiza, kanye nama-feuilletons amaningana.

Izincwadi zakhe zaziswa kakhulu eMoscow, lapho aqala khona ngo-1925. Imisebenzi yakhe yezinkondlo yanyatheliswa eKomsomolskaya Pravda, Spotlight, Young Guard nezinye izincwadi. Ekubuyekezeni ngobuciko uKedrina waphawula isitayela sakhe esiyingqayizivele.

Ukuboshwa kwendlovu

UDmitry Kedrin akakwazanga ukuvimbela ukuboshwa kwakhe ngisho naphezu kwezincwadi eziningi zokushicilela izindlu. Waboshwa ngo-1929 ngenxa yokungathengi umngane wakhe, uyise owayengumengameli webutho likaDenikin. Ngemva kokuchitha unyaka nezinyanga ezintathu ejele, uDmitry Kedrin wakhululwa. Ngemva kwalokho, washada futhi ngo-1931 wathuthela eMoscow, lapho aqala khona ukuhlala endlini engaphansi komuzi waseTaganka. Umndeni osemusha wawuhlala lapho kuze kufike ngo-1934. Ngemva kwalokho, wathuthela nendodakazi yakhe eCherkizovo.

Ngenxa yokuboshwa kwenkondlo isikhathi esithile benqaba ukushicilela. U-Dmitry Kedrin usebenza ngalesi sikhathi njengomxhumanisi ku "Oqapha Abancane" nomhleli eGoslitizdat. Lapha ngo-1932 imisebenzi yokuqala yomlobi yashicilelwa ngemuva kwesiphetho. Phakathi kwabo kukhona inkondlo ethi "The Doll", uGorky ngokwakhe eyayiqaphela. Umsebenzi wonke kaKedrin, owalandela, wanikezelwa ekamelweni, emlandweni kanye nasezindabeni ezithandako, lapho ekhonza ubuhle beqiniso. Ekuphenduleni, kulandelwa ukugxeka kukahulumeni okuqinile.

Ubuhlakani Kedrin

Ngo-1932, uKedrin wabhala inkondlo ethi "Doll", eyayiletha udumo lwembongi. Bathi kuthinta uGorky izinyembezi. Ngo-Okthoba 26, 1932, wahlela ukufunda le nkondlo endlini yakhe kanye namalungu obuholi obuphezulu. "Budle" wezwa uBudyonny, uZhdanov, Yagoda noBukharin. Ngayithanda lo msebenzi no-Stalin. Ngenxa yalokho akushicilele futhi "Red Nova." Emva kwalolu shicilelo, umlobi wavusa umbhali ogunyazayo. Kodwa ukuvunywa kobuholi bezwe akuzange kusize ngempela imbongi, yonke imizamo yakhe yokushicilela lo msebenzi ayiphumelelanga, eyadumaza imbongi u-Kedrin Dmitry. I-biography yakhe ichaza ukuthi yonke imisebenzi yakhe enqatshiwe umlobi uyibeka etafuleni.

Ekupheleni kwawo-1930 uKedrin waqala ukuchaza umlando waseRussia ezincwadini zakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wabhala "Abadwebi", "Ihhashi" ne "Ingoma ka-Alena Lo Mdala".

Ngo-1938, uKedrin wadala inkondlo ethi "Abadwebi", abagxeki ababiza ngokuthi ubuciko bezinkondlo zekhulu lama-20. Umsebenzi mayelana nabakhi baseSt. Basil iSonto Elibusisiwe uphefumulelwe uAndrei Tarkovsky ukudala le filimu "Andrei Rublev." Ngaphambi kwempi, uKedrin washicilela idrama yenkondlo "Rembrandt."

Izinkondlo eziningi ze-Kedrin zafakwa kumculo. Unayo futhi izinguqulo ezisuka esiGeorgia, isiLithuania, isi-Ukrainian nezinye izilimi. Izinkondlo zakhe zahunyushwa ngesi-Ukraine.

Ukuphila empini

I-Great Patriotic War ekuqaleni, uDmitry Kedrin wathola eCherkizovo. Akazange angene empi ngenxa yemibono embi. Wenqaba ukuthuthwa, okungenzeka azisole, njengoba ama-fascists awazange afinyelele kuleli dolobha kuphela amakhilomitha angu-15.

Phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yempi, wahumusha amavesi aphikisayo amaqembu aseSoviet Union futhi wabhala izincwadi ezimbili zezinkondlo. Kodwa lezi zindlu zokushicilela zenqaba ukuzishicilela.

Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ka-1943, ekugcineni uDmitry wakwazi ukufika phambili. Kuze kube ngu-1944 wasebenza njengomlobi wencwadi ethi "Sokol Rodina", eyayiyi-Sixth Air Army, eyayilwa enyakatho-ntshonalanga.

Ukufa kweKedrin

Ehlobo lika-1945, iKedrin, kanye nabanye ababhali, baya eChisinau, lapho ayeyithanda kakhulu. Wayefuna ngisho nokuthuthela lapho nomndeni wakhe.

UDmitry Borisovich Kedrin washonela ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi ngoSeptemba 18, 1945. Wahamba ngaphansi kwamasondo wesitimela lapho ebuya eMoscow waya endaweni yakubo.

Izindlalifa zikaKedrin

Asikwazi ukukhohlwa ngowesifazane wesibindi owagcina, eqoqwe futhi ekulungele ukushicilela ifa lezincwadi likaKedrin - umfelokazi wakhe uLyudmila. Ngemuva kokuba umama wakhe uSvetlana aqhube ibhizinisi lakhe. Ungumhumushi, imbongi, ilungu labalobi be-Writers 'Union, umbhali wencwadi mayelana nobaba "Ukuphila naphezu kwakho konke".

Ngo-February 6, 2007, isikhumbuzo kuDmitry Kedrin savulwa eMytishchi. Umbhali walo nguNikolai Selivanov. Ngosuku lokuzalwa lomlobi futhi ngesikhathi sokuvulwa kwetshe lesikhumbuzo kwafika indodakazi nomzukulu - igama le-imbongi. U-Dmitry Borisovich - umculi, ungumvuzo wemiklomelo kulokhu.