Iyini ifoni: kusuka ku-Aesop kuze kube namuhla

Ekuqaleni ukusuka kubantu

Umuntu angahlala isikhathi eside ephikisana ngokuthi uyathandana njengomuntu oyisiphambano, uthi bonke abathintekayo nalabo "abathengayo" ngamagama amanga, bobabili babheka ubuwula futhi benze okubi. Futhi ungakwazi nje ukutshela inganekwane nge-fox kanye noshizi. Ngamafuphi, amandla futhi angcono asasasho.

Izindaba ezincane ezakhayo mayelana nezilwane ziye zavela emhlabeni isikhathi eside kakhulu: ezinye zazo zaba imizekeliso, ezinye - izinganekwane. Isikhathi eside "ubaba" wendabuko wayebizwa ngokuthi i-Aesop (cishe ngekhulu lesithupha BC), ngisho noma kukhona into enjengokuthi ulimi lwe-Aesophi (inhlamvu). Kodwa ucwaningo olusha luveza ukuthi intsha endala yiBabiloni-Sumerian, futhi kuphela i-Indian ne-Ancient Greek yabonakala.

Incazelo yanamuhla

Futhi u-Aesop, ehlambalaza ububi babantu, wasebenzisa imifanekiso ezindabeni zakhe hhayi ngenxa yokuthi wayeyisigqila futhi ekhuluma ngokukhululekile yayingozi, kodwa ngoba wayazi ukuthi iphiko eliyiqiniso nokuthi kuyisiko ukulichaza kanjani. Noma kunjalo, u-Aesop wehla emlandweni njengengcweti yenkolelo, waphenduka uhlobo lwezinganekwane ezivela kubantu ukuya enkulumeni yamathekisthi. Futhi emva kwamakhulu eminyaka, cishe zonke izindaba zezindaba zakhe zazisetshenziselwa umsebenzi wakhe ngabanye abakhiqizi.

Futhi manje inhloso yezemfundo ye-fable ihlala yinto efanayo, yingakho lolu hlobo luyizincwadi zama-didactic, lowo obizwa ngokuthi afundise, achaze futhi afundise. Umbuzo othize: "Iyini i fable?" - umuntu wesimanje uzophendula ukuthi lokhu kuyisenzo esingokomfanekiso sosayizi encane evesini noma e-prose, lapho izinto ezimbi zabantu kanye nomphakathi zivezwa khona. Amaqhawe ezincwadi ezinjalo ziyizilwane nezinto (umuntu unqabile kakhulu), umthelela kumfundi uyenzeka ngosizo lwamahlaya (ukulinganisa) nokugxeka, futhi imfundiso (umqondo oyinhloko) yikutholwa, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuziphatha.

E-Russia konke kwaqala nge-Aesop

Uma eGrisi lasendulo eminyakeni engama-600 ngaphambi kokuba uKristu aqonde kakade ukuthi yiqiniso, khona-ke eRussia kwafundwa kuphela ngakho eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili. Incazelo yalo njengendlela yohlobo yenziwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17 nguFedor Gozvinsky lapho ehumusha izintambo ze-Aesop ngesiRashiya. Ezinye izindabakwane zitholakala kakade emisebenzini yaseCanemir, eSomarokov, eKomnitzer. Noma kunjalo kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi cishe yonke imisebenzi yabo kwakungumsebenzi wokuhumusha nokuguquguquka kwemisebenzi yabanye: i-Aesop efanayo, kanye neLafontaine, uGellert no-Lessing. U-Ivan Chemnitzer kuphela owenza imizamo yakhe yokuqala yokwakha i-fables yakhe, ngakho-ke uDmitriyev uthatha lesi siko, kodwa lapho u-Ivan Krylov ethatha umsebenzi, izwe lezincwadi laqonda ukuthi i-fable ivela emgqeni weklasi. Kuze kube manje, kunombono wokuthi u-Ivan Andreevich uyathembekile njengenhlobo ephakanyisiwe ekuphakameni okunjalo ukuthi kuzothatha amakhulu eminyaka, ngakho-ke kwavela ukuthi othile unento entsha. Imigqa evela emisebenzini yakhe yahlushwa kuze kube yi-aphorisms: uma uhlaziya i-fable ka-Krylov, noma ubani, kucacile ukuthi i-fabulist enkulu yezifundo ezingezona isiRashiya ishintshaniswa nengqondo yaseRashiya, yenza izinkolelo zakhe zibonakalise izici zezwe.

Izici zokuhlaziywa

Ukuhlaziywa kwenganekwane yezinkondlo kuhluke kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni kombhalo wezinkondlo, ngoba, naphezu kokuba khona kwemvumelwano, into esemqoka emsebenzini onjalo yizindlela zokufeza umgomo wokufundisa. Ukuhlaziywa kwefable, kuqala kokubili, kufaka amaphuzu alandelayo:

- ukudalwa kwefable (umbhali, unyaka wokubhala, isakhiwo sakhe);

- isifinyeto (umqondo oyinhloko);

- amaqhawe e-fable (okuhle, angalungile), njengoba adluliselwa ngomlingiswa wawo;

- ulimi lwefable (zonke izindlela zobuciko nezokuchaza) ;

- ukufaneleka kwefable;

- kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona ezinkulumweni ezithembekile eziye zaba izaga noma phraseologicalisms.