Derzhavin G. R. ODE "Felitsa": Isifinyezo nokuhlaziya etemibhalo

Poet Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin (1743-1816 GG.) Ubhale ku isitayela classicism isiRashiya, ngaleso sikhathi wamenqabela ukwenza ukuhlanganisa ODE okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye ukubhinqa kwelinye umkhiqizo, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana ngakho.

Imbongi wayevela emkhayeni ka gentry lawela owayehlala Kazan. Rhode Derzhavins, njengoba kulotshwe encwadini ingobo yomlando siqu umbhali, owaqala ngokuvukela inzalo wohlanga olukhulu Bagrima ngubani ngokuzithandela eyeke ukuba iNkosana Vasily II.

Ezinezinkondlo lokusungula Derzhavina izinkondlo ikakhulu amelelwe: civil, zefilosofi, ukunqoba yokushisekela izwe futhi Anacreontic.

Derzhavin, "Felitsa": ubhala isifinyezo

niche Hlukanisa elalihlala izinkondlo yombango, okuyinto abhekiswe i izikhulu zikahulumeni enethonya: mithi nabakhulu. Futhi omunye abameleli bhá lokhu uhlobo olusankondlo kuyinto Ode to "Felitsa" short kokuqukethwe yayo izokwethulwa ngezansi. Imbongi abazinikezele ukuba Russian Umbusikazi uCatherine II.

Derzhavin waqala inkonzo e Preobrazhensky ibutho Petersburg, lesi sikhashana kwaqondana ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe senkondlo. Njengoba abaningi njengoba engu-40, uye aphethwe ezihlukahlukene okuthunyelwe civil nezempi, futhi ngisho Kwakuwumsebenzi imfihlo ukuze uthwebule Emelyana Pugacheva. Ngaleso sikhathi wayesesangweni inkonzo Jikelele A. A. Vyazemskogo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Uyabhala ODE yakhe edumile ethi "Felitsa". Amazwibela umsebenzi utshela indaba kwabahlakaniphileyo ezinhle inkosazana Kyrgyz, ogama lakhe lalingu-Felitsa. Lapha-ke uba umbusi fair, umniki-mthetho futhi nkosi nomusa.

Oda nokudumisa

Ukuthola kwengqikithi ethi: "Felitsa" summary ", kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lo mfanekiso izinkondlo zakhe Derzhavin ayithatha" I Tale of Tsarevich Chlorine "eyabhalwa uCatherine II ngoba abazukulu bakhe.

Lolusiko - ukubhala izinkondlo laudatory isithombe nkosi ukukhanyiselwa - baqhubeka futhi Derzhavin, eboleka ke kusukela University. Laba bantu omkhulu wazibona amakhosi ohlanga kumuntu umphakathi ukuba anakekele inhlalakahle kahulumeni kanye nabantu balo.

Umsebenzi libonisa emzabalazweni, aqondiswe ukuhlukunyezwa isikhundla sakhe nezikhulu eziphezulu. Zonke Kumelwe kusebenze ezinhle eRussia - lokhu kwaba lohulumeni lokusungula Derzhavin. Kungenxa ohlanga ukukhanyiselwa , wabona amandla ezokwenza ngokwanele ukuphatha izwe elinamandla ezifana Russia.

G. Derzhavin, "Felitsa": inkondlo

Ode "Felitsa" baletha inkazimulo enkulu kunayo yonke wombhali kanye umvuzo somusa esasivela iNdlovukazi yena, ngubani podarovala snuffbox wakhe oyigugu owenziwe ngezinhlamvu wegolide elihlanzekile igcwele amadayimane zonke.

Eminyakeni engu-80 Derzhavin awuzange ngakho wayesondelene kakhulu uCatherine II, umfanekiso wakhe edala izindaba lalikhona intando yakhe. Kodwa imbongi wayazi eziningi nethimba lakhe, iphansi kwesandla sika-ayelayo ukukhonza ngezikhathi ezehlukene. Esikhathini ODE idealized isithombe uCatherine II kuhambisana ukugxekwa lakwakhe nezicukuthwane.

indlovukazi nesihe

Umsizi ukudala master isithombe laba idokhumenti mandative eyabhalwa uCatherine II. Kulesi "Iziyalezo" yakhe wabhala ngesidingo nokunciphisa eminye imithetho kwi isigwebo sentambo, livame ukusetshenziswa ukwephulwa ezincane. Ngakho-ke, Heroine yakhe Felicia Derzhavin wanika ububele ezifana nonembe njengoba wakhe soMkhulu uCatherine II.

Felitsa e umkhiqizo uyakhazinyuliswa iqiniso ukuthi iyeke kushushiswa labo ababefunda nayo eyaba nesibindi ukuveza zonke izinhlobo ukuthukwa kuye.

Lokhu kuboniswa ngokucacile ezishiwo ODE "Felitsa". Executive Summary uchaza ukuthi kusukela imigqa yokuqala ODE ungafunda umbusi Russian uCatherine II. Ngakho Derzhavin udonsa nomfanekiso waso esisencwadini kwasekuqaleni, esekelwe izinga womuntu esingokwemvelo, futhi ingeze izinsuku zakhe kuqala laseRussia aqala ukulandela imikhuba namasiko awo. Kulokhu, it is a uzwela kuphumelele kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho savusa ukuze egcekeni lakwakhe ezicukuthwaneni nonogada. Kunobufakazi bokuthi i-Ode to izinyembezi wathinta Empress.

Derzhavin yabonisa etemibhalo umthamo ezintsha futhi sihlanganyela ODE yokudumisa ekuqaleni incriminating nge ukubhinqa, bese lwalungamukelekile. Hlakaniphile Felice nesithombe sakhe enhle abangu waphendula ngokugcizelela grandee abanganaki - "wohlanga olukhulu". Egcekeni lomuzi St Catherine kwaba GA Potemkin, Bala P. I. Panin, amagrafu Orlov, Prince AA Vyazemsky, nokunye. D.

Derzhavin kubo ukumchaza ngokunembile ukuthi kwakulula ukuqagela kubani asebenzelana ngayo emsebenzini wakhe.

A ukubhinqa phezu kwezicukuthwane

Literary ukuhlaziywa ODE "Felitsa" uthi Derzhavin nge ukubhinqa ezijulile kugcizelelwe zonke ubuthakathaka babo, izithakazelo ezincane kanye kwaneliswa nezifiso. abantu ahloniphekile ezinegunya abanakukubheka ngendlela engafanelekile ezinjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ukuboniswa Potemkin gourmet nesiminzi ababethanda ukuba nedili nokuphuza ukuzijabulisa. Orlov walithanda ukuba ukudansa kumnandi futhi kuvelaphi ukulwa ngenqindi. Panin, sashiya ezinye ukwenza imisebenzi yabo, waya abazingeli nezinja. A Vyazemskij khanyisa ingqondo yakho ekufundeni "Bova futhi Polkan," njengoba ayevame abalala eBhayibhelini.

Sizoqhubeka ukutadisha isifinyezo ODE. Derzhavin "Felitsa" yasekuqaleni futhi ngesibindi kakhulu kuveza isithombe umbhali emsebenzini. Ngokucace futhi iqiniso, wabhala: 'Lihlezi ekhaya, mina wayenochoko, ukudlala isiwula nomkakhe ... ".

Neziphawulekayo futhi -Lokucuketfwe Oriental ukunambitheka izinkondlo, njengoba kuba indaba egameni Tatar wohlanga olukhulu, futhi kuze ngisho kubhekiselwe kuzo empumalanga nedolobha eSmirna, Kashmir futhi Baghdad. It iphela i Ode to isiko kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu isitayela laudatory.

Derzhavin e ODE yakhe eqhathanisa wokubusa uCatherine II, okuyinto kudala eziningi wusizo isimo imithetho Omkhulu, isimilo ngokungafanele, futhi sinesihluku Arkelawu ERussia phakathi no-Anne Ioannovne ngokuthi izikhathi Biron.

Felitsa sithombe izinkondlo of Derzhavin "Felitsa" "grandee"

Ngemva "Felitsa" okuyinto uyakhazinyuliswa phakade Derzhavin, imbongi iqala ODE "indoda enkulu." Nalapha futhi, ukwakhiwa kusekelwe ezimisweni ezimbili - laudatory futhi satirical. Kodwa uma "Felice" kwaba isiqalo omuhle, ukubhinqa hilarious futhi ukuhleka yamakhosi, ODE "grandee" kuyinto isilinganiso ezahlukene okuhle nokubi. UDumo encane kakhulu - kuphela ekupheleni, ukhathazeke kakhulu ebhekisela PA Rumyantsev. Iningi idlula ukubhinqa uthukuthele. Heard yentukuthelo umbhali nandaba ezicukuthwaneni abalamacala wobaba yakhe. Lena akuyona imisebenzi ehlukene kakhulu kwekhulu XVIII. It derzhavin ishaqiswe isimo sabantu bakubo izifundo abaphethwe yizikhonzi nobulelesi nandaba, edilini lomshado lapho isisebenzi esiphendula izingcingo kulayini amahora sezikwazi ukuhlala phansi bese ulinda izilaleli nenduna futhi umfelokazi nengane ngezingalo zakhe, futhi leli sosha kwabonayo.

isiphetho

Ngakho, sihlaziya isifinyezo ODE. Derzhavin "Felitsa" kanye "nomuntu omkhulu '- kuba isikhalo ukubhinqa, okuyinto kancane kamuva, ngekhulu XIX, Gogol kwaphindwa umsebenzi" The Tale of uCaptain Kopeikin "futhi Nekrasov e" Ukucabanga kusukela phambi kwendlu. "

Sakujabulela lokusungula nokunye kamuva ulingisa eyandulela wakhe, A. S. Pushkin kanye Decembrists KF Ryleev.