Biography Starodum. Comedy Denisa Ivanovicha Fonvizina "Oaf"

Lokhu play abadumile Fonvizin labhalwa nguye 1782. Comedy namaqhawe ayengabantu abazinikele kwezakhi nomphakathi abakhulu XVIII leminyaka, serfs, izikhulu zikahulumeni kanye mbumbulu imfashini uthisha. Ngaphambi sibonisa ngokugcwele kwengqikithi ethi "Biography Starodum 'ukuhlala kancane ku abakhileyo Prost endlini, ngoba nabo konke kwaqala.

Prost

Ngakho, nabalingiswa abasemqoka: ignoramus - Mitrofanushka eyishumi nesithupha - nonina, uNkosazana Prost, okuyinto umlingiswa oyinhloko ezimbi yalo msebenzi. Kuyinto ngendlela enesihluku futhi ezingezwakali, futhi ufuna ukushada, unyana wakhe, ezingasebenzi Mitrofan, ngubani ngokuphelele qakala konke. Ayithandi unina, kodwa sengathi ngenxa uhlamvu yayo eqinile futhi enamandla.

Prost, ukufunda ukuthi wakhe nomshana UZandile umyeni (uyindoda ehlonipheke kakhulu futhi abafundile) waba indlalifa ukuba fortune inkulu, okusho ukuthi bequeaths umalume wakhe oyigugu Starodum yanquma noma yini ukumshada ukuze Mitrofanushka yakhe yakhombisa ubuvila. Nokho Starodum izihlobo kwase kuyisikhathi eside wangcwatshwa, futhi manje le nto ayenza manje igama lakhe livela busobala. Indlu Prost zonke uqale go crazy ngoba lefa lakwa Sofia, ngemva 10,000 - lemali ngaleso sikhathi akuyona bekhohlisa. Wayengubani Starodum futhi lapho evela khona?

Biography Starodum

Umdlalo Sway Fonvizin Starodum ethulwa omunye ephakeme kakhulu izinhlamvu omuhle kakhulu. Yena baba abalandeli bakhe. Ngempela, umsebenzi "Elincane" abathintekayo eziningi ngezepolitiki, kwezenhlalo, ezemfundo kanye nezimilo.

Umlobi eshiya ngokuqondile umbuzo evulekile ukuthi Starodum mhlaba, kodwa ukuthi lingafunyanwa esigodlweni bese baya eSiberia ezaziwayo. Emazwini akhe siqu hero, lapho ukuthola imali, ngaphandle kokushintsha nabo unembeza, hhayi meanly Buck hhayi ababaphangayo izwe, abahola wawakhipha ezweni akabazi ubuzenzisi ngeke popravosudnee abantu, futhi ngenxa yemizamo yabo akhokhe kweqiniso ngokwethembeka nokuphana.

"Abathengisa izikhulu"

Fonvizin kwezamabhizinisi Starodum ibonisa inqubo langempela le ukuphila kwezomnotho yezikhulu isiRashiya, amehlo ayo ngemva umbhali French elihunyushwe indatshana ngokuthi "bargaining izikhulu protivupolozhennoe izikhulu ezempi."

Starodum biography uthi yaceba zasezimayini zegolide, injongo yayo kwaba ukuqinisekisa ikusasa okunethezekile umshana wakhe kuphela futhi othandekayo - Sofyushki. Imicabango Starodum ohlakaniphile futhi esiyigugu, uthi kuye ngokuthi wayebenzile isimo esinjalo ezingaba umvumele ukuba bashade, ngisho nabampofu, kodwa into esemqoka - indoda ehloniphekile. Akenzi ukuxhuma nomshana inhlalakahle ukuba ubunikazi serfs lyudom.

Futhi Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane: Fonvizin wabhala play njengoba ngezikhathi ezithile, lapho Russia wazama ukufunda kusuka impi ongumlimi ka 1773-1775. ezindla nezimbangela zayo, okuyinto cishe kwaholela isimo amakhosi asendulo-ahlukile kuya ekufeni nasekubhujisweni. Nokho, abacindezela ukucasula abantu sika, isimo uCatherine II ezicukuthwaneni nakakhulu futhi landise amalungelo lesigaba esibusayo. Abantu abampofu phambi komthetho wabheka engenamandla nakakhulu nabangenabani. Esikhathini play "Elincane" lezi ngezepolitiki babé acute kakhulu futhi baqonde izinto ezenzekayo.

Mahhala-ukucabanga, izinguquko kanye wezinguquko

Biography Starodum, yena ngokwakhe futhi utshela interlocutors bakhe, ikakhulukazi Pravdina futhi Milo, kuhlanganisa ulwazi mayelana nalowo, ukuthi wayeneminyaka engu-60 ubudala. igama wakhe usikisela ukuba afake silandela izimiso kwenkathi endala - inkathi uPetru I. Starodum wakhumbula amazwi kayise, ababemi kwelokuthi wayehlale ngalokho okudingeka abe ngenhliziyo nangomphefumulo, bese wena kuthanda umuntu nganoma isiphi isikhathi.

Kulesi play satirical Starodum livela kuphela ekupheleni kuqale isigcawu sokuqala. Bekanye Pravdin Milon futhi aqede UZandile Prostakova ekuhlukunyezweni futhi inikeza ukulinganisa ekukhuliseni abangenalwazi isiwula Mitrophan.

Izici Starodum uthi enhliziyweni yakhe yena wezinguquko enkulu futhi izinguquko. Ubizwa fed up ukungalungi isimo, lapho iqiniso futhi inkonzo ngokwethembeka Sekuyisikhathi eside devalued, konke inqunywa ngokukhulumisana prisposoblennichestvo futhi servility. Ezemfundo Starodum akavunyelwe buthule sibheke indlela abanye babangane bakhe abaseduze zobuqili impudence wafuna yakhe. Yingakho-ke washiya inkonzo, ngoba wahluleka iwumphumela ekuzameni ukufinyelela izikhundla eziphakeme akuzona abantu efanayo, kodwa bayiziphukuphuku futhi uyakufanelekela kakhulu bahlala ngaphandle emnyango.

aphorisms Starodum

Ngenxa nenhliziyo eqotho yakhe, imfundo imfundo zokuziphatha, it umemezela izimiso zikahulumeni, lapho yonke imithetho yokulawula ziyafinyeleleka futhi engenzeleli.

Kuvela elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi aphorisms Starodum nezifiselekayo ngoba uthi into elungile kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi ukukhanyiselwa kakhulu ngaphandle umphefumulo kuba ohlakaniphile isidalwa esidabukisayo. Yena akakhathali wokuphindaphinda ukuthi imfundo we gentry - endabeni ka isimo. Futhi lapha kufanele kufakwe imfundo ka enhliziyweni nasengqondweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwenza imfundo wenhliziyo kwasekuqaleni.

isici Starodum kubonisa ukuthi kuqondile, elula ngomqondo futhi okuqonda. Zonke Prost umndeni ebolile, ebona ngokusebenzisa iso futhi uthi konke akucabangayo kubo.

kudlalwé

Esikhathini play "Elincane" Fonvizin wanika yena uzibheka "abantu abathembekile" nokubona lokho kufanele ukuzenza ongeyena lawo lokuphumula. Futhi ngakho umfanekiso Starodum lapha akukhona ngephutha. Okuzobe kudlalelwa "Nedorosl" ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, ke yephuza isikhathi esithile. Yahlatshwa boom "okubi", ngawo labo bantu bazithola play efomini ngokungakhethi, kuzovikela ophumayo yayo. Futhi, ngokusobala, Fonvizin yena wayenokuqonda iphendukele abashisekeli enamandla ukususa zonke izithiyo.

Ngo-1782, September 24, kudlalwé play namanje labetibambile esiteji Petersburg eFree yaseshashalazini Russian. Kuqondiswe ngumlobi umsebenzi. Futhi, Kuyathakazelisa ngokwanele, play azange abe ukushintsha isilebhuli olulodwa, ngakho-ke, kwaba impumelelo enkulu.

Omunye zalabo abayibona undunankulu wathi ezinye izigcawu yamahlaya ebizwa uhleko kudlula ngokushesha, kodwa izigcawu sina ngokoma omkhulu balalelisise zonke izilaleli wokuziphilisa, owathanda ngenkathi Amacebo namazwana nobuthakathaka wokuziphilisa futhi savagery kwamanye amasiko isikhathi. Umdlalo sibonga ukuphila tetinkhulumomphendvulwano, amahlaya, aphorisms, izingcaphuno ezithakazelisayo futhi nemvelo ezemfundo, kuye kwasiza enye intsha ukuba ubone Prost, abese exoshwa emizini yabo lzhepedagogov uhlobo Vralmana futhi Tsyfirkin.

isiphetho

Umdlalo "Elincane" Kwakuyimi ngedwa kahle amiswa yonke idrama Russian kwekhulu XVIII. Ngo engu-classicism yena walahla bendabuko indlela abantu abakhuliswe ngayo ahlukile, "savagery" futhi "zlonravie" izikhulu yesifundazwe. Zonke izinhlamvu zihlukaniswe ngokucacile emihle nemibi, njengoba salisikisela amagama abo: Staro, PRAVDIN, Prost, Skotinin etc ...