U-Antiochus Cantemir: Biography. Isebenza Antioha Dmitrievicha Kantemira

Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir - omunye izibalo bhá we syllabic inkathi kwamasiko (sokuthuthwa kwempahla izincwadi ngaphambi Lomonosov kwekuhlela kabusha). Yena yasungulwa ngokugcwele ubuntu, wahlanganyela hhayi kuphela ezincwadini, kodwa futhi kwezombusazwe: bekatsatsa okuthunyelwe zamanxusa ngaphansi Catherine I. Ake jwayelana eduze nomsebenzi kanye biography.

U-Antiochus Cantemir: Biography emfushane

U-Antiochus wazalwa ngo 1708 emkhayeni kwesikhulu kanye izimpande Romanian. Uyise, Dmitry K., waba ngumbusi we ubukhulu eMoldavia nonina, Cassandra, kwakungezesizwana umndeni lasendulo futhi wekuvana Cantacuzino. Wazalwa futhi wachitha eminye iminyaka engu yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe eConstantinople (manje Istanbul), futhi entwasahlobo 1712 umkhaya wathuthela uMbuso Russian.

Umndeni-Antiochus Kantemir wayengomncane kunabo bonke. Kwakukhona 6 izingane: amadodana 4 namadodakazi 2 (Maria, Smaragd, uMathewu, uSergei, Constantine nase-Antiyokiya). Bonke wathola imfundo yekhethelo ekhaya, kodwa hero yethu kuphela babebamba amathuba futhi baqhubeka ukuqeqeshwa e yamaGreki Slavic Academy. Ngenxa yentshiseko kanye isifiso sokuthola ulwazi, Prince Antiochus Cantemir waba ngomunye wabantu ukukhanyiselwa kakhulu futhi okuqhubekayo kwekhulu le-18!

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, le-Antiochus abasha bajoyine Preobrazhensky Regiment, futhi ngokushesha kakhulu wavuka isikhundla sokuba Ensign. Phakathi nale minyaka (1726-1728 GG.), Waya izinkulumo inyuvesi Bernoulli futhi Gross e Russian Academy of Sciences.

Imisebenzi yokuqala ye umbhali

Ukuqala izindlela zokudala umbhali ngaleso sikhathi, lapho umphakathi laligujwa ukuphendula kubuhlungu ukumiswa izinguquko likaPetru I.-Antiochus ngokwakhe wayengumuntu umlandeli amasiko kaPetru, ngakho ngo-1727 ahlangana khona neqembu, okwakubekelwa eliholwa Feofan Prokopovich. Ezinkondlweni zakhe saba nethonya elikhulu kwale mizwa emphakathini.

Yokuqala umsebenzi lakhe ubulotshiwe njengesiqondiso esisebenzayo ngamavesi waseBhayibhelini kanye nehubo, wabizwa ngokuthi "Symphony yamaHubo ukuze". Ngo 1726 Waletha wesandla sakhe Catherine mina, njengophawu lwenhlonipho ejulile ngaye. Indlovukazi ujabula kakhulu amazwi akhe, futhi lo mbhalo wesandla yanyatheliswa edition amakhophi 1000.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke encwadini Cantemir

Kamuva, waqala ukuhumushela imisebenzi ehlukahlukene angaphandle, ikakhulukazi - ke lihunyushwa lisuselwa French. Umsebenzi edume kakhulu, okuyinto sivunyiwe ke njengoba umhumushi omkhulu - ukuhunyushwa Fontenelle. U-Antiochus Kantemir hhayi kuphela wagcwalisa kuphindza acoce afanele incwadi "Inkulumo mayelana ukuhlukahluka imihlaba", kodwa futhi wanezela kwesigaba imicabango yayo namazwana. Naphezu ukuphuthuma bhuku kumazwe amaningi aseYurophu, e-Russia, imisebenzi yakhe bavinjelwa ngu iNdlovukazi, ngoba kusolakala ukuthi iyaphikisana izisekelo zokuziphatha inkolo.

U-Antiochus Cantemir: imisebenzi ukubhinqa

Antiyokiya kubhekwa umsunguli lolu hlobo izincwadi, njengoba ukubhinqa. izinkondlo zakhe kuqala Olahlwe ababeshisekela Sciences. Omunye imisebenzi edume kakhulu yile okuthiwa "Ukuze lokuthuka imfundiso. Ukuze ingqondo yakhe, 'kulo msebenzi, yena Okuxakayo ukhuluma labo abazibheka" izazi ", kodwa" Zlatoust noma ukuqonda. "

Ukufinyelela iziphetho ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yakhe yokudala esenzeka eminyakeni 1727-1730. Ngo 1729, lonke uchungechunge kubo versification satirical yadalwa. Ubude 9 wabhala satires, nazi edume kakhulu kubo:

• "Ukuze nomona zloenravnyh izikhulu" - bebahleka nabakhulu, owayeshonelwe ukuziphatha yakhe yasekuqaleni ezinhle futhi kude ngemuva isiko.
• "Ngo-umahluko phakathi izinkanuko womuntu" - kwaba uhlobo umyalezo uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Novgorod, lapho obala izono nesihawu nabaholi abaphezulu isonto.
• "I sindiso kweqiniso" - imisebenzi abalobi Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir izinkulumo phezu umbuzo okuphakade zokuphila futhi linikeza impendulo "kuphela esibusisekile kule impilo owanelisekile kancane futhi siphile ngokuthula."

sici imisebenzi

Ikakhulu isikhulu satirical kwakubangelwa izinkolelo zakhe siqu. Prince-Antiochus Cantemir wayethembekile ngakho eRussia futhi abantu Russian kothandekayo wabo, umgomo wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwukushumayela ukwenza konke inhlalakahle yabo. Yena besho nokusho ukuthi zonke izinguquko kaPetru mina, futhi inkosi is ngokungenamkhawulo ihlonishwa ngenxa yemizamo yakhe kutemfundvo. Yonke imicabango yakhe obala washo kaningi emibhalweni yakhe. Isici esiyinhloko izinkondlo zakhe netinsimu kuyinto diatribes elithambile, imisebenzi yakhe zigcwele Ukumemeza futhi bengenalo soperezhevany kabi ekuncipheni eziningi emitameni omkhulu kaPetru I.

Abanye bathi u-Antiochus Cantemir, ogama Biography futhi ekhathalela imisebenzi yomphakathi, wakwazi ukwakha ngokujulile ngakho ukubhinqa zezombusazwe kuphela ngokusebenzisa okuhlangenwe nakho njengoba inxusa eNgilandi. Kwakulapho ukuthi usezuze ulwazi okukhulu mayelana isakhiwo isimo, wajwayelana imisebenzi omkhulu Western Ukukhanyiselwa: lokusungula UHorace, Juvenal, Boileau nasePheresiya waba elikhulu emsebenzini wakhe.

umsebenzi State Antioha Kantemira

Cantemir Antiyokiya Dmitrievich (biography eduze zithandelana amaphuzu turning emlandweni wonke uMbuso Russian) kwaba umsekeli izinguquko kaPetru mina, ngakho ngo-1731 kuthiwa ukhulume kabi umthethosivivinywa, okuyinto ezihlongozwayo yokunika ezicukuthwaneni amalungelo abo ezombusazwe. Nokho, wajabulela nje ukuthi abantu bakhetha iNdlovukazi Anny Ioannovny, kube nesandla kakhulu yokwanda imisebenzi yakhe.

Naphezu ebusheni bakhe, u-Antiochus Kantemir wakwazi athole impumelelo enkulu nezindaba zomphakathi. Nguye owasiza iNdlovukazi ukuthatha indawo yakhe elifanele njengombuso ozimele abamele Council Ephakeme bebehlela nesigaba umbuso. U-Antiochus Cantemir eqoqwe amasignisha eziningi ezikhungweni nezinye izikhulu sabantu bezigaba ezingafani, bese mathupha ephelezelwa Trubetskoy futhi Cherkasky e Empress Palace. Ngezimpawu namasevisi wakhe ngesandla esivulekile endowed nesamba semali eyabelwe inxusa zamanxusa eNgilandi.

ezinhlwini zamanxusa

Ekuqaleni 1732 eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-23, waya eLondon ukwenza umsebenzi walo umhlali zamanxusa. Nakuba engakwazanga ukuwaphendula emakhono elulwimi kanye yokungabi nokuhlangenwe nakho, wakwazi ukwenza lemisebenzi emikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izithakazelo of the Empire, Russian. AmaNgisi ngokwabo sikhulume ngaye njengenhlangano ezombusazwe ngokwethembeka futhi nonomusa. Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: wayenguKristu inxusa wokuqala Russian ezweni entshonalanga.

Ambassador England zamkhonza isikole esihle zamanxusa, kwathi ngemva kweminyaka 6 yesevisi eLondon, washintshelwa France. Wakwazi ukwakha ubuhlobo obuhle abaningi izibalo French: Maupertuis, Lakho nabanye.

1735-1740-yalolucwaningo ayesinda kakhulu ubudlelwane Russian-isiFulentshi, kwakukhona ukuphikisana ahlukahlukene, kodwa sibonga imizamo Cantemir, nezindaba eziningi sezixazululiwe ngokusebenzisa izingxoxo zokuthula.

ukudalelwa imisebenzi

Kuzo zonke wabhala imisebenzi mayelana 150, phakathi lapho kukhona satirical izinkondlo, izinganekwane, epigrams, izinkondlo ukuhumushwa kusukela French. Baye basinda kulokho kube yilolu suku, kodwa ezinye izinguqulo ezinkulu zalahleka. Kukhona izinsolo ukuthi acotshodiswa ngenhloso.

Ngokwesibonelo, isiphetho ayikaziwa zemibhalo yesandla "Epictetus", "Izincwadi Persian" nezinye izinguqulo eziningi izihloko ezivela French ku Russian.

Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe u-Antiochus Cantemir ngemvume ngaphansi kwegama Hariton Makentin ukuthi kuyinto umdlalo wokuphicaphicana ngamagama nezinombolo igama nesibongo sakhe. Wayeziqhenya ngokuba umsebenzi wakhe, kodwa kababoni ukukhanya: kwakuqoshwe balahlekelwa cishe wonke amakhasi kulowo mbhalo wesandla.

ifa lakhe etemibhalo imisebenzi engaphezu kweyodwa namashumi amahlanu, kuhlanganise 9 versification satirical, 5 iculo (ODE), 6 izinganekwane, epigrams 15 (3 ezibizwa ngokuthi "amanothi kwakhe", futhi bamele izingxenye ezintathu umkhiqizo owodwa), izinguqulo ngu-50, 2-3 translation ezinkulu usebenza kusuka kubalobi French ababe ababephila Cantemir.

Yini umnikelo esenziwa u-Antiochus ezincwadini Russian?

ukubaluleka kwakhe emlandweni ukuthuthukiswa kanye kumiswa Russian lasendulo, nezincwadi zanamuhla, kunzima overestimate. Phela izimpikiswano ezaphakama e-imisebenzi yakhe, ehambisana namuhla: .. Izicelo Eziya Kuziphathimandla izikhonzi amandla, izenzo ezingekho emthethweni esikhundleni kwezikhulu namalungu emikhaya yabo, njll Cantemir kuyinto ukhokho wawo lolu hlobo izincwadi, njengoba ukubhinqa. Omunye angase abuze ukuthi kungaba engajabule isikhulu titular, futhi okuyiwona Waloba ukubhinqa? Impendulo itholakala ezincwadini zakhe, lapho waqaphela ukuthi kuphela umuzwa isakhamuzi kweqiniso umnikeza isibindi ukuze ubhale imisebenzi enjalo ohlolayo satirical. Phela, igama elithi "isakhamuzi" laqanjwa yena Cantemir!

Iposi ka inxusa Paris kwaba nethonya elibi empilweni lakubo, okwakuyindlela kakade ababuthakathaka ngenxa isifo ebuntwaneni - ingxibongo. Ngeshwa, Cantemir kwadingeka akhuthazele ngokuqhubeka ukufa eside futhi kabuhlungu. Washona ngo eParis 1744 eneminyaka engu-37 eminyakeni. Wembelwa St Nicholas ngesiGreki Isigodlo, itholakala e Moscow.