Nina Berberova: Biography, imisebenzi

Nina Berberova - owesifazane, okungase ngokuthi omunye abameleli bhá of ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe Russian. Wayehlala isikhathi esinzima emlandweni wezwe lakithi uzama ukwenza umqondo abalobi abaningi futhi izimbongi. Angazi uhlale eceleni noNina Berberova. Iqhaza layo kufanele ekutadisheni ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe Russian kubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Umsuka, iminyaka yokufunda

Berberova Nina Nikolaevna (iminyaka yokuphila - 1901-1993) - imbongi, umbhali, umhlaziyi etemibhalo. Wazalelwa Petersburg Julayi 26, 1901. Berberova kwaba umndeni sasivumela abacebile: unina kwaba Tver mhlaba, futhi uyise ngakhonza Ministry of Finance. Nina wafunda wokuqala e-University of Archaeology. Wabe iziqu University of Don e Rostov-on-Don. Lapha, kusukela ngo-1919 kuya ku-1920. Nina watadisha ubuhlakani zomlando-philological.

Amavesi lokuqala, ujwayele Khodasevich, ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe

Ngo-1921 e Petrograd Nina Berberova wabhala izinkondlo zakhe kuqala. Nokho, ungoyedwa esanyatheliswa eqoqweni "ushkuynikov" 1922. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi okokuqala kwavunyelwana emibuthanweni esankondlo Petrograd. Ngakho kwaba khona amaziyo wakhe nge izimbongi eziningi, kuhlanganise Khodasevich, okuyinto ngokushesha waba ngumkakhe UNina. Ndawonye kanye naye, waya phesheya ngo-1922. Ngaphambi kobana azinze unaphakade e Paris, Berberova nomndeni kuqala wahlala Berlin futhi Italy e Gorky, bese sahamba ePrague.

Ngakho, kusukela ngo-1922, UNina wayesemncane e ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe. Kukulo muzi lapho yena seziqalile ukusetshenziswa kweqiniso kuye izincwadi. izinkondlo Berberova yashicilelwa enyatheliswa M. Gorky futhi V F. Hodasevichem magazini "Interview".

Izindaba kanye amanoveli Berberova

Nina Berberova kwaba isisebenzi iphephandaba "Latest News" futhi Umelekeleli wakhe njalo. Esikhathini kusuka 1928 kuya 1940. yena eyanyatheliswa ngo uchungechunge wakhe izindaba "Biyankurskie Gingerbread". It imisebenzi ironist-ongokomfanekiso, lyrical futhi ezihlekisayo empilweni abathutha Russian e Billancourt. Kulokhu, lo somabhizinisi kukhona abasebenzi zalesi sihlahla "Renault" izidakwa, iziphanzi, eccentrics declassed nabahlabeleli emgwaqweni. Kulesi umjikelezo, kukhona nethonya ekuqaleni laseChekhov futhi Zoshchenko. Noma kunjalo, kwakufanele eziningi yakhe.

Kuze kuvalwe iphephandaba "Latest News" ngo-1940, kwabonakala amanoveli elandelayo Berberova: 1930 - "Kugcine futhi Okokuqala", ngo-1932 - "The Lady", ngo-1938 - "Ngaphandle kwelanga." Kuthe kusenjalo bakhomba idumela njengendlela umlobi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, uNina Nikolayevna.

"Ukugqugquzela ukubamba iqhaza"

Abagxeki baveza budebuduze temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Berberova amanoveli isiFulentshi, kanye azame Nina Nikolayevna ukudala yeqhawe kuphulwa "isithombe ezweni abakwamanye amazwe". Ukuphila phesheya, landscape nezenhlalakahle "komhlaba" (nedlelo) Uchaze umsindo "lula iqhaza." Lolu chungechunge izindaba eyanyatheliswa ngo-1930. Futhi ngo-1948 encwadini igama elifanayo edition ahlukene ishicilelwe. Kulesi umjikelezo wazalwa isihloko yokungabi nakhaya kubalulekile ngobuciko Berberova uwonke. Uma lokhu lagcwaliseka Nina Nikolayevna nakhaya hhayi njengendlela nenhlekelele, kodwa njengoba indoda ifa kwekhulu lama-20 khulula ukuzibophezela "isidleke" zabo, okuyinto uyekile abe uphawu "ukuphepha ukuphila", "charm" futhi "Ukuvikelwa".

"Ugcine futhi Okokuqala"

Esikhathini "nesibongo" Nokho, ziye zachaza ngomzamo ukwakha ezifana "isokhethi." Benqabela ngokwami ekhaya, inoveli wazama ukwakha into efana umphakathi ongumlimi, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola indawo yokuhlala hhayi kuphela, kodwa kwadingeka siphindele umuzwa ungubani kwamasiko amalungu ayo. Phawula ukuthi ngaphambi Berberova cishe akekho echazwe impilo yokuzicabangela kanye nakho, amathemba namaphupho of ezejwayelekile abathutha Russian. Ngemva kwalokho, isihloko ekwakheni umphakathi ongumlimi awuzange athuthukiswe imisebenzi Berberova. Nokho, wahlala kusahlangene biography yakhe. Nina wahlala phakathi umsebenzi epulazini elincane, lapho esebenza ongumlimi zabasebenzi.

"Lady" futhi "Ngaphandle kwelanga"

"Lady" - noveli yesibili Nina Nikolayevna. It yanyatheliswa ngo-1932. Umsebenzi libhekisela basemazweni okufika imininingwane yokuphila intsha eziphathelene kubantwana kuso isizukulwane sesithathu. Ngo-1938, kwaba khona inoveli yesithathu - "Ngaphandle kwelanga." Abafundi nezinhlamvu kuwo kwaphakamisa umbuzo ngalokho futhi indlela yokuphila yabantu abaphuma kwamanye amazwe insikazi Russia. Impendulo ocacile wokuba kuyinto: Uthando olukhona ebandleni kuphela ungaletha injabulo. Abagxeki baveza ukuthi lezi zindaba ezihlobene eyayenziwe nomunye, kuyafundisa abukhali, bezijabulisa futhi ngezinye izikhathi ovusa nezhenskoy siqaphile ukuze abantu nezinto. Le ncwadi iqukethe imigqa eziningi ezinhle lyrical, Amakhasi elikhanyayo, imicabango esikhulu ezijulile.

Ukuhambisa e-United States, "Cape Iziphepho"

Khona-ke, ngo-1950, wathuthela e-United States Nina Berberova. Biography of yakhe eminyakeni imakwe ngokufundisa at Princeton University ulimi lokuqala isiRashiya, bese izincwadi Russian. Nokho, uhla izithakazelo abalobi 'Nina Nikolaevna azishintshile. Ngo-1950 kwafika inoveli "Cape Iziphepho". Likhuluma ezimbili izizukulwane ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe. Kwabasebasha "jikelele" kuyinto ebaluleke ngaphezu "bomdabu" futhi abantu asebebadala ( "abantu kwekhulu elidlule") ukuthi ngingaphila kanjani ngaphandle amasiko Russian. Ukulahleka lizwe kuholela ekulahlekelweni Nkulunkulu. Nokho, izinhlekelele ngokomoya futhi yezwe, it is uhlangabezana, conceptualized njengoba ukukhululwa ekugqilazweni izikhungo zendabuko, okwenza igcinwe ukuze izwe lawela inguquko.

Izincwadi ezimbili mayelana bomculo

Nina Berberova amabhuku mayelana bomculo eshicilelwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi. Le misebenzi abe documentary futhi uhlamvu oluchaza. Ngo-1936 yabonakala "Tchaikovsky, umlando wokuphila engenabantu," futhi ngo-1938 - "Borodin". Aye esikalini njengoba enzeka nge izinga entsha etemibhalo. Lawa kwakungamadodana amanoveli okuthiwa eqanjiwe noma cha, ngokuvumelana Khodasevich, biography, wazibona ngobuhlakani, okuyinto banamathela ngokuqinile amaqiniso, kodwa esehlanganise it nge inkululeko yakhe evamile bezincwadi eziqanjiwe.

"Iron Owesifazane"

Nina Berberova njengoba umhlaziyi nezaba ubuze lolu hlobo, ikakhulukazi funa ngesikhathi isithakazelo phetho engavamile futhi ubuntu. Nina Nikolayevna impumelelo eziphakeme kulolu isiqondiso yethulwa ngo-1981 incwadi ethi "Iron Owesifazane". Lokhu kufakazelwa umlando wokuphila Baroness M. Budberg. ukuphila kwakhe ahlobene eduze ne Gorky kuqala, bese - ne G. Wells.

Berberova, inikela nge umcabango ozelwe "imihlobiso" kanye eqanjiwe, uye wakwazi ukwakha acacile portrait adventuress. M. Budberg kwakungekaNkulunkulu uhlobo lwabantu okukholelwa Berberova, ngokucacile kakhulu siveza izici ejwayelekile kwekhulu lama-20. Isikhathi abangenasihe ke waba owesifazane ophawulekayo. Akazange anikezele nezimfuneko inkathi, baphoqwa ukuba bayakhohlwa izimiso zokuziphatha baphile nje ukuze sisinde. Indaba eyakhelwe izincwadi, imiqulu, kofakazi bokuzibonela, kanye izinkumbulo yezenzakalo kombhali nge Heroine futhi zibona on ngempela emlandweni, ihlanganisa cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka. Yena ugcina incazelo uhambo ukuthi Budberg eyenziwe 1960, lapho waya ahlaza B. Pasternak eMoscow.

"Yebo wami"

Ngo-1969, ngesiNgisi bese ngesiRashiya (ngo-1972) ishicilelwe i okukhuluma Nina Berberova "Omalukeke okwami." Uma ngibheka emuva ekuphileni kwakhe, uNina ubona "okuvela izindikimba" kuwo, kanye lokwakha umongo ngemibono nangokomoya isikhathi sabo esedlule. Kuchazwa isikhundla sakhe etemibhalo esibaluleke njengokudeda pro-Western, anti-Orthodox futhi antipochvennuyu, lo msila ukwazi ukuzihlanganisa ngokusebenzisa kulezi zici "isakhiwo" sobuntu bakhe, aphikisanayo "fragility" futhi "meaninglessness" zomhlaba. Incwadi presents i-panorama sokuphila kwezobuciko ubuhlakani ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe Russian kule minyaka esiphakathi kwezimpi zezwe ezimbili. Ngo Umlando wakhe, kukhona ubufakazi ezibalulekile (ikakhulukazi Khodasevich) kanye ezigxeka zokudala abalobi Russian angaphandle (Ivanov, Nabokov nabanye.).

Berberova Nina Nikolaevna ngo-1989 wahambela Russia, lapho ahlangana khona nabafundi kanye abahlaziyi bemibhalo. Washona ngo-September 26, 1993 e-Philadelphia. Futhi namhlanje uhlala ziphoqa lokusungula Nina Berberova. Izinkomba kuye umxhwele ngokwanele kakade.