Buddhism. Bodhisattva - Iyini?

In Buddhism, kukhona izidalwa kakhulu, okuthiwa i-Bodhisattva. Kukholakala ukuthi ziba nzima, kodwa kungenzeka, eziningi kangaka abenza ngale ndlela, esilufunayo isimo oyifunayo. Kulesi sihloko uzothola impendulo yalo mbuzo: Bodhisattva - ubani lo? Ungafunda indlela lapho kufanele, futhi izimiso okuyinto ziyalandelwa.

Igama elithi "Bodhisattva"

Bodhisattva - indoda (emhlabeni), ngubani attained ukukhanyiselwa, kodwa ngokungafani akakushiyeli ezweni Buddha kanye kwesokunxele. Umgomo wakhe ulula futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo eziyinkimbinkimbi - ukusiza abantu endleleni yabo okuthuthuka ngokomoya. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Bodhisattva kungenziwa ngokuthi isidalwa oye bakuqaphela bhumi kuqala. Kuze lokhu kwenzeka, lisebenzisa igama elithi "dzhatisattva".

Bodhisattva bahlalela ukuthula nabanye abantu, abagcina izifungo nokuhlala endleleni. Basuke zihlukaniswa nesihawu ukuba ezinye izidalwa. Ngo "Vimalakirti Sutra", ungathola indzaba Bodhisattva ogulayo. Kodwa lapho ebuzwa ukuthi kungani igula ke impendulo sitholwa kanje: ukugula iphutha kusuka onozwela kakhulu abantu abagulayo. Ngakho, kubonakala sengathi ubukele ku wavelength yabo.

Ngokuvamile, kunenkolelo yokuthi ukufika kwalesi silwane emhlabathini - ke kuyisibusiso esikhulu. Phela, Bodhisattva njalo ukuheha abantu abafuna ukuzwa ukuhlakanipha kwabo. Ezinye uthole push kudingekile, okuvumela ukuba ngokuphelele ukuphila kwakhe.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi emasikweni ehlukene wenkolo yobuBuddha, lo mqondo Kuthi ezahlukene, kanye yokusondela kakhulu indlela. Imininingwane engeziwe mayelana nalokhu bayolotshwa phansi ngandlela-thile aphansi.

Kubhekiselwa okokuqala Bodhisattva

Ngokokuqala ngqá le Bodhisattva enkolweni yobuBuddha ohlala kuso kuyakhulunywa ngaso esigabeni sokuqala nentuthuko bale nhlangano yenkolo. Kungatholakala kubhalwe ku sutras bokuqala, ezifana Saddharmapundarika Sutra (lithi amabili nantathu izidalwa ezinjalo) nirdesha Vimalakirti Sutra (elikhonjiswe ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu).

injongo bodhisattvas

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-Bodhisattva - nguye attained ukukhanyiselwa. Ngemva kokuphothula umsebenzi wakhe kuleli zwe - ukwenza zibekezele ngenjabulo, kokubili uqobo kanye nabanye. Kukholakala ukuthi isisekelo umkhuba izidalwa ezinjalo.

Ngokwemibiko ethile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-bodhisattvas. Abanye benze okuhle kuphela, izenzo zabo abakwazi ibe yingozi ezoyidla noma omunye umuntu. Kanjeyana they musa buthelela karma ezimbi neze, wake wenza nje kwesokudla.

Uhlobo Bodhisattva sesibili kuhilela ekuqongeleleni karma okubi, ukwenza izenzo ezimbi ngenxa ezinhle kwabanye. Futhi is fully aware of ngezenzo zakhe isijeziso kubo (engene imihlaba aphansi ngemva kokufa). Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuyindlela yesibili idinga amandla.

izifungo singenakushintshwa

Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekufezeni ezingeni yezifungo Bodhisattva kukhona, ukuthi inikeza ngaphambi kokuqala ukugibela izitebhisi. Bavele baphethe ngokunakekela ezinye izidalwa, nokuqedwa ukukhubazeka ezahlukene uqobo, ukugujwa nokuziphatha, nokunye. D. Futhi ufaka nalesi sifundo unika ngesifungo kanye ezengeziwe ezine izithembiso ezinkulu.

Izimfanelo (paramitas) Bodhisattva

Ngo bodhisattvas kukhona nezimfanelo esingenazo ayikwazi ukunamathela ukushiya ekhethiwe indlela ukuphikisana ukusetshenziswa bonke abantu. Ngo sutras ahlukahlukene, echazwa inombolo ehlukile, kodwa sizobe ukugqamisa eziyishumi ezibaluleke kakhulu:

• Dana Paramita. Ukuphana, esihlinzeka ezihlukahlukene izibusiso, kokubili ezibonakalayo nangokomoya, kanye neminikelo.
• Sila-paramita. Umkhosi yezifungo, okungukuthi. E. Kuyisibopho ukulandela imiyalo nemithetho, ezisiza ukufeza ukukhanyiselwa.
• Kshanti-Paramita. Isineke, okuvumela ukuba zingazizwa inzondo bevalelekile. Kodwa, lo izinga kungenziwa ngokuthi thunzi - ukuhamba ruffle nzima.
• Virya-paramita. Zeal (umzamo) - kukhona umcabango kuphela eyodwa, isinyathelo esisodwa futhi beqondiswa nguye.
• Dhyana-Paramita. Ukucatshangelwa - uya okuhlushwa, Samadhi.
• Prajna parmita. Impumelelo nolwazi nokuhlakanipha eliphakeme, afise ukuba kwenziwe kuwo.
• Upaya-Paramita. Tricks ngawo bodhisattvas ukutakula labo abayidingayo. Isici esikhethekile wukuthi ngamunye indlela efanelwe, ngokuvumela ukuhlupheka ngqo endleleni aphume isondo samsara.
• Pranidhana-Paramita. Yezithembiso ukuthi kumele kuhambisane Bodhisattva.
• Bala-Paramita. amandla Inner, ehlanganisa wonke emhlabeni futhi ukusiza nalabo usuzoba ophakeme endleleni zobuhle.
• Jnana-paramita. Ulwazi, kusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka khona ezimele ezindaweni ezahlukene ngokuphelele.

Isiteji yentuthuko bodhisattvas

Kukhona futhi izinyathelo eziyishumi we Bodhisattva. Isigaba ngasinye kuthatha ukuzalwa eziningi, futhi kuthatha impela eningi izigidi zeminyaka. Ngakho, lezi zidalwa ngokuzithandela lahlwa ngokwabo ukuba isondo samsara ukuze usize ukuphuma lesinye isidalwa. Cabanga ezingeni (bhumi) Bodhisattva (ezithathwe emithonjeni emibili - "Madhyamikavatary" nesithi "Umoya Sutra osemqoka"):

• lowo olusizo injabulo eliphakeme;
• nengangcolile;
• shining;
• amalangabi;
• esiyivelakancane;
• wabonakaliswa;
• efinyelela kude;
• umhlabathi;
• dobromudry;
• dharma efwini.

Bodhisattva e Hinayana

Kufanele sicabangele uyini Bodhisattva enkolweni yobuBuddha amasiko ehlukene. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kanjani le nkolo, abanye sebeqale ukuphelelwa ukuthatha indlela uhlukile olwazini, futhi ubuhlobo ezinye izidalwa.

Ngakho, ngo-Hinayana Bodhisattva - isidalwa (umzimba wakhe kuhluke ngokuphelele, ezifana isilwane, umuntu noma ummeli amaplanethi tshwala), okuyinto iye yanquma ukuya yonke indlela ukuthi ube Buddha. isinqumo esinjalo kufanele esekelwe nesifiso esinamandla ukushiya isondo samsara.

Isiqondiso hinayana izidalwa ezinjalo kungaba Buddha wangaphambili (hhayi engaphezu kwamashumi amabili nane), futhi kufika isikhathi lapho uba kubo. Bodhisattva kumele ihlangabezane omunye lokuzalwa Buddha, okwenza kube esiprofethweni esibikezela ukukhanyiselwa esizayo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isiko Hinayana bodhisattvas - lokhu akulona umzimba enhle. Iningi labalandeli ezilwela sifinyelele isimo arhanta, okuyinto ezizibheka njengezingcwele, waya kuyo yonke indlela uze Nirvana bebodwa, vele ulandele imiyalelo Buddha. Akekho omunye lapha akakwazi ukukusiza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kule mfundiso abakwazi ukuba uyikholwa elula bafinyelele Buddhahood.

Bodhisattva e Mahayana

Bodhisattva e Mahayana Buddhism has a isimo ethé ukuhluka kancane, kodwa futhi phakathi ngokwayo, okuyinto wabunjwa kamuva kakhulu kunaleyo yangaphambili, lihlukile. Isici esiyinhloko we Mahayana ingabe umbono wokuthi wonke umuntu kungaba basindiswe, labo abakholwa futhi agcine izithembiso. Yingakho kwale nhlangano, futhi wathola igama layo, okuyinto namanje elihunyushwe ngokuthi "Imoto Omkhulu".

Ngo Mahayana Buddhism, i-Bodhisattva - a enhle zenkolo kuwo wonke umuntu kufanele ukubabela umlandeli Amathrendi. Arhanty okuyinto Hinayana idealized wangabaza ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi ngokuvamile ukukhanyiselwa siqu, hhayi ukunakekela ukuhlupheka kwabanye abantu. Ngakho, luhlala ngaphakathi kohlaka "Mina" yakhe.

Ngokuvamile, le Mahayana endleleni arhanstva - indlela ewumngcingo nobugovu. Mahayana obuqinisekisa nomqondo ngezindlela ezintathu: ekufezeni arhanstva ke ukukhanyiselwa Pratyeka Buddhas futhi bodhisattvas indlela uqobo.

Bodhisattva e Vajrayana

Ngo Vajrayana Bodhisattva - ingxube ezinye isithombe irhuluphelo yogi ngubani enekhono zonke siddhas. Kuyinto, isimiso Yiqiniso, njengoba yona eyavela kamuva kuka owedlule ezimbili. Esinye isici ukuthi ezinye Bodhisattva kukhona ukuthi zibangelwa amagesi athile Buddhas. Ngakho, isimiso indlela ekupheleleni kulahleka.

Ezinye bodhisattvas abahlala kuleli zwe lethu

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhona onkulunkulu bodhisattvas, uhlu zazo zingase ngamunye ngesikhathi nobuBuddha. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Mahayana ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana bodhisattvas bukhoma real ngaphambili ababesedwaleni zokukhula ezihlukene zalo. Lokhu Aryaasanga (ezingeni lesithathu), Naagaarjuna (amazinga ayisishiyagalolunye), kanye nabanye. Isimiso esibalulekile ezibhekwa Avalokitershvara, Ksitigarbha, Manjushree et al.

Maitreya - a Bodhisattva, okumele ngokushesha sokuza emhlabeni. manje Ugijimela isheke ezinkulu emkhakheni esibhakabhakeni Tusita ufisa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lihlonishwa Bodhisattva zonke imisinga Buddhism.

isiphetho

Manje wazi impendulo yalo mbuzo: Bodhisattva enkolweni yobuBuddha - kuyini? Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isimo sengqondo maqondana lezi zidalwa bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene Buddhism ihlukile, Singularity yabo ukuswela inselele enzima, ngoba ukwakheka lendlela kumele ube nencwadi yamafa eqinile futhi umoya.