Makaryev Monastery: kanjani lapho? Umlando, incazelo, izakhiwo

On ibhange kwesokunxele iVolga, esifundeni Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni Lyskovsky elise Makaryev Monastery, isithombe okuyinto, okusesihlokweni esithi kuqinisekisa ngokugcwele ukuthi kubhekwa omunye amahle kakhulu e-Russia. I white walls we Isigodlo, sengathi ukhuphuka uvela emanzini, akakwazanga ukumsiza abelethe khumbulani isithombe kumnandi Kitezh City, futhi ivela nezikhencezo kubo kuphela kuqinisa inhlangano. Nokho, ubuhle kangaka amanga eside futhi egcwele indaba emangazayo.

Mayelana nendlela wawubangelwa Makaryev Monastery

Chronicle ibika ukuthi ngo-1435 indela we Nizhny Novgorod Caves Monastery Macarius isibusiso Abbot kwesokunxele esigodlweni sakhe, waya ogwini Yellow pustynnozhitelstva chibi eduze noMfula iVolga. Simelele kwechibi futhi yonke indawo lalibizwa amanzi ophuzi. Lapho, phakathi emahlathini namasimu, bagawule yena futhi esitokisini sakhe, adikile okumatasa izwe elisempumalanga, wamisa wazinikela ngokuzila ukudla nomthandazo.

Kodwa, kwenzeka kanjalo ukuthi ukukhanya kweqiniso kaNkulunkulu yokuquba, futhi ngokushesha izindaba atehlukanisa zasakazekela isifunda, kanye esitokisini yedwa esitokisini echibini wadonsa abantu. Ezinye senifeze kuye ngomthandazo, babuyela ezweni, kanye nabanye, njengoba sithole imvume, futhi wahlala Yakha zokuhlala eziseduze. Ngokushesha imizamo ahlangene izindela bagawule lokhuni isonto kancane, abangcweliselwe ke egameni zintathu Ongcwele. kancane kancane kwakheka umphakathi wezindela, ngaso leso sikhathi lapho iminyaka eminingi wema loMfula iVolga Holy Trinity Zheltovodsky Macarius Monastery.

Incithakalo sezindela kanye bamba izakhamuzi zakhona

Kodwa ngeke kuqhubeke isikhathi eside wayemiselwe ukuba bahlala kule ndawo monk Macarius nomfowabo. Sekudlule iminyaka emine kuphela kusukela ngaleso sikhathi njengoba sebehleli njengoba bamanzi, iNkosi ocucuzayo Tatar Khan Ulu Muhammad kugasela ezweni Nizhny Novgorod, futhi kanye nezinye zezindela ongcwele, ubhubhise futhi wafaka ithoshi sezindela asanda kusungulwa. izindela Abaningi baye bathatha kusukela nesitha wafela ukholo, nalabo asebephumelele Tartar izinkemba nemicibisholo, wadunwa imoto ngokugcwele.

Phakathi kwezinye izinceku yazibonakalisa St Macarius. Futhi baye bamthengisela ebugqilini, uma kungekhona esesabekayo Khan. Basurmanina washaya ukuthobeka ejulile, ezichithekile wonke ukubukeka indela eyisithunjwa, futhi ekuseni umusa luchivshayasya emehlweni akhe. Ngemva kokubuza ngaye amasosha basiqhubela, ayezizwe ukuthi phambi kwakhe indoda ngaphandle kokudala umuntu umonakalo bese uzama zonke endleleni ukwenza okuhle, hhayi nje abangane bakhe amashwa, kodwa ngisho nalabo bamshushisa eboshiwe, ezinothuli umgwaqo.

inkululeko elingalindelekile futhi imithwalo entsha

Washaya wezwa, Khan walikhuza ngumqaphi yilo indela mnene nimnike inkululeko. Lesi sinqumo sakhe, wachaza ukuthi uNkulunkulu - zonke efanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukholo lomuntu ophila - inevitably jezisa ubani ababemonile lokhu ngakhethi. Ukukhipha Macarius enkululeko, kuba isicelo lokugcina ukuyidlulisa kuye izigqila kodwa abaningi, kuhlanganise nabesifazane abaningana, kulokhu nezingane.

Kokunye kuphela Khan wayefuna ulalelwe ngenkani - wabenqabela ukubuyisela Yellow Lake abhuqe sezindela. Akekho ayikaziwa ukuthi kuyoba iminyaka eyikhulu namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, futhi endaweni efanayo ngeke avuselele Makaryev Isigodlo, kodwa izindela ngaleso sikhathi, wathola omangalisayo futhi ezingalindelekile indlela inkululeko, kodwa akukho okunye angakwenza iqalisa usesho indawo entsha ukuze sezindela yabo.

Ukuphela nokuzula

Kwaba indlela eside futhi nzima izwe lazo lendabuko. Emgwaqweni, St Macarius nabangane bakhe lwafikela yindawo enhle, etholakala ogwini Sviyagi. It nje bamba yonke into Isigodlo entsha. Lapha isimo wawanika, ukudala egqumeni elincane, izungezwe izinhlangothi ezintathu amagquma wageza ngasemfuleni. Kodwa, Le ndawo ingeyamakhosi Kazan Khan, okwathi ngemva kokufunda mayelana nokubonakala impahla yakhe-Orthodox izindela, ayesethi aziphume.

Okuningi eside zase izindela, kwaze kwaba yilapho ekugcineni sifike emazweni Kostroma futhi akazange ayeke e Unzhe. Labo ebuya Tatar ekuthunjweni, njalo wathola ngemfudumalo eRussia, futhi njengoba izithunjwa zokuqala zazizinhle kakhulu futhi abantu bakaNkulunkulu, ababhekana ngayo ngozwela olukhulu, futhi Macarius - ladvwetjelwe ngokumhlonipha.

Kumila sezindela entsha

Kodwa ibanga kusuka omile honours zezwe uMfundisi kubhekwe ke ukuze kuzuze kokuyeka ehlathini. Kukhona nanhlanu zamakhilomitha ukusuka edolobheni wamisa esisha, yesibili Makaryev Monastery. Umlando indalo yayo ncamashi okuphindaphindiwe konke okwenzeka eminyakeni eminingana edlule echibini eliphuzi. lwaphuka Ngokushesha ukuba yedwa unkom 'idlayodwa Zimisele ukuhlanganyela naye ft lezindela, futhi ngenxa yalokho ziye zavela futhi ehlathini elimnyama amaseli emva kwabo - esontweni ngokhuni, futhi ekugcineni kwakhiwa umphakathi.

Ngesikhathi St Macarius esegugile, futhi 1444, lapho eseneminyaka engu engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nanhlanu, wafa ngokuthula. Ngaphambi nje kwalokho, ilindele ukwehlukana okuseduze kusukela bazalwane, ukuthi washiyela izingane zakhe ezingokomoya ukuze zibuye lapho kungenzeka, phezu Yellow Lake, endaweni lapho bethatheka lwesiTatar khan, futhi ukuhumushela Makaryev Monastery.

indela Muromsky - imiyalo oyiculayo St. Macarius

Kwathatha cishe emakhulwini amabili eminyaka. Futhi isikhathi sesifikile lapho uJehova wabusisa izindela ngokwethembeka ivuselele amaseli wabo loMfula echibini eliphuzi. Lo mcimbi ehlangene egameni Abrahama Zheltovodskogo - indela omunye Murom Isigodlo, okungakhulunywa ngazo kodwa njengomuntu olungile, kodwa ngezenzo zabo wathola udumo ongafi.

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, ezidabukile inhliziyo kanye ezibhuqiwe yesigodlo, wayevame wakhuleka phambi isithonjana St Macarius, sicela ukusekelwa wakhe wasezulwini nokubuya kwakhe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi indela zenzisa wathola isibonakaliso esithile eyaziwa, wafakaza ukuthi umthandazo wakhe uzwakele, nokuthi umusa kaNkulunkulu niyochuma kuye kule imbangela esihle.

Ukuvuselelwa Isigodlo futhi wamukele isimo salo olusemthethweni

Njengoba sebezinikele kule uhlu imifanekiso, lapho wathola izindaba ezinhle ku-Abrahama nezindela eziningana kubazalwane sezindela bafike endaweni Yellow Lake, nethi wathandaza ngobuqotho kuJehova baqala ukubuyisela Isigodlo emlotheni ubudala. Abantu bendawo abafisa ukwenza umnikelo zokunikela, ukuwasiza.

credit kakhulu impumelelo yalo msebenzi obalulekile kungokwalabo Tsar zenzisa Mikhail Fedorovich - umbusi wokuqala we Romanov lwamakhosi. Ukuvakashela e 1619 Unzhensky sezindela kanye nokufunda mayelana izifiso osithekile izindela libhekele feat yabo Izigodlo khona, lapho afike wasungula khona esigodlweni sakhe sokuqala St Macarius, wabanikela zonke usizo. UMbusi akugcini nje asekelwe kubo ngesinqumo somthetho, kodwa usunike usizo ngemali okukhulu. Isimo yokugcina sezindela yakhethwa ngo-1628 i-diploma ye-eMoscow uMphathi weSonto Filaret.

Iminyaka abode nokuchuma

Kodwa hhayi kuphela ababusi basemhlabeni wayenethonya kosizo lwabo esigodlweni sezindela. Esivulekile wehlele kuye, futhi umusa kaNkulunkulu. Intando Supreme iVolga ekugcineni washintsha isiteshi salo, ngokugcwele amunca Yellow Lake, futhi ngaleyo ndlela Makaryev sezindela kwaba phezu lomfula omkhulu Russian, ingenye ezinkulu Russian lokuthumela imithambo.

indawo enjalo elula Isigodlo nomthelela yokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ku-izwe elalingelemizi liqala ukuthola fair, esizibiza ngokuthi isihloko sezindela Makary. Njengoba abanikazi insimu, izindela wayenalo ilungelo lokwenza bazokhokhisa yokuthengisa izintela - isizumbulu kakhulu, okwabenza bakwazi ukwakha ngesikhathi esifushane esigodlweni sezindela izakhiwo eziningi itshe futhi kakhulu ukwakha impilo yakho.

Ukuncipha kanye ukuqedwa Isigodlo

Yaqhubeka sikhathi evundile kufika ku 1817, ingakafiki iNkosi akabavumelanga ukudluliselwa ukujabulisa, okuyinto kulekelelwa yengcebo kangaka Isigodlo, e Nizhny Novgorod. Kube bathatha ububanzi elikhulu, kuyilapho esaziwa ngegama yayo yangaphambili. Kodwa Macarius Monastery Zheltovodskogo, zibancishe umthombo wabo oyinhloko wemali, aqala ukuncipha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wathola isimo supernumerary.

I kunenhlekelele, njengoba sazi, akezi wedwa, futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwezindonga zawo umlilo owaqothula ingxenye enkulu yokuthi iminyaka eminingi yakhiwa inzala eziningana izindela. IsiGungu Esingcwele seSonto uye njengenkulumo ke idingekile ukuze ukubuyiselwa Isigodlo, futhi uyekwa. Icons futhi izitsha, silondolozwe umlilo, sayalwa idluliselwe Nizhny Novgorod Cathedral of St Alexander saseNevsky.

sezindela esibuyiselwe kuphela ngo-1883, ngemva ukubusa ukuze sobukhosi sikaNkulunkulu onothando uMbusi u-Alexander III, kodwa manje njengoba imfundiso kaZiqu-zintathu Makaryev Zheltovodsky esigodlweni. Kusukela manje, kwaba owakhileyo odade ababefisa ukushiya umsindo befuna umhlaba obhubhayo nomphefumulo bazinikele enkonzweni kaNkulunkulu.

Le nhlekelele konyaka weshumi nesikhombisa

Kusukela imibhalo esekhona siyazi ukuthi ekuqaleni Apocalypse, egcwele ku-Russia ngo-1917, ezindongeni Isigodlo wahlala izindelakazi abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu, futhi kwaba phakathi best ifakwe kuleli zwe. Nokho, esimweni sakhe sengqondo esigodlweni sezindela, futhi ngempela ukuba zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni amaBolshevik kwahluka kancane kusukela Khan Ulu-Mohammed, kanye ezazihlupha Macarius sezindela.

emakhulwini amahlanu eminyaka edlule, bathuthela emigwaqweni ewubhuqu yakwa-izindwendwe Russian yezigqila, kanye, futhi ngekhulu XX yakhishwa nasenyakatho enyakatho-mpumalanga izitimela engapheli we becindezela, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona owesifazane esidabukisayo izembatho Izigodlo. Kodwa, ngokungafani kuya abayimizulane asemaqeleni, kanye pha inkululeko uMfundisi Macarius, futhi nalo nenqwaba yezinye abaseRussia, lamanje zidlamlilo khans kwadingeka isihe, abaningi izithunjwa zabo + ngakho ungalokothi futhi ayikwazanga ukubona imizi yabo.

Isigodlo yakhiwe e kusukela yasetshenziswa izidingo zasendlini. Ngesinye isikhathi ngo-yangaphambili sezindela behlaliswe imfuyo ukulima ezakhiweni ngokuyinhloko emathempelini kaNkulunkulu, waqhubeka izinkomo.

Isikhathi eside elindelwe izinguquko

Kepha akusimina kodwa wake eyathatha ihlazo, ukuvumela kukaNkulunkulu ngenxa yezono zabantu. Futhi ifinyelele osebeni iVolga umoya ohlanzekile ukulungiswa. Ngo-1991, uhulumeni wamisa umthetho Makaryev sezindela amasonto lapho ngaleso sikhathi befika isimo esiphuthumayo, wayiswa Nizhny Novgorod besifunda-bhishobhi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi waqala yokutakula akhe asebenzayo.

Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa kwafika ngesinqumo isiGungu Esingcwele seSonto nokuthi Makaryev Monastery iyaqala imisebenzi yayo iphazanyiswe kwatholakala ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka obscurantism yizwe elingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. izindelakazi wakhe wokuqala waqala izindelakazi amabili nanhlanu ababefuna ukuya kwamanye mansions zwe.

Namuhla Makaryev Monastery, ogama kheli: Nizhniy Novgorod, Lyskovo wesifunda, pos .. Makarievo, liphakathi edume kakhulu futhi avakashelwa pilgrimage zezindela Russia. Minyaka yonke, kuthatha amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezivakashi ezisuka kulo lonke izwe. Futhi kungokwemvelo, njengoba lapha, phezu loMfula iVolga, izivakashi ukufakaza inyunyana ubuhle okungokomoya kokholo Orthodox nge ubuhle eziyingqayizivele yayo izakhiwo zethempeli.

Isigodlo lizungezwe izindonga awugqinsi, ticongotekulindza nakakhulu. Phakathi kwalezi isikhungo yezakhiwo iyona ngokubabazekayo zintathu Cathedral, ukwakhiwa zazo kweNyuka Cathedral of the Moscow ezibiyele likhishiwe njengesibonelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziyinkimbinkimbi sezindela kuhlanganisa amathempeli amahlanu ngaphezulu lakhiwa ezikhathini ezahlukene, kodwa izwi elazwakala alibazuzisanga, umklamo ezivamile compositional.

Babe they babhala wavakashela Makaryev Monastery

Izimpendulo ezivela kulabo ababenegunya nethuba lokuvakashela Isigodlo ingatholakala eziklanyelwe lolu injongo ncwadi Izigodlo kanye okuqondene lezindela Imininingwane imithombo. Abaningi baye baphawula ezingeni eliphezulu e- Cathedral, futhi uyinaka nobuchwepheshe bale choir, yakhiwa bosisi sezindela.

Ngokuvamile ezishiwo ukubuyekeza, bese, nge izindelakazi babewusizo futhi benomusa aphendule noma yimuphi umbuzo noma isicelo izivakashi we sezindela. Ngo iningi labantu amarekhodi ungathola uwukubonakaliswa ukuhlonishwa ubuhle ekuseni ukuthi owandile yesigodlo, lapho izindonga lasendulo futhi voznosyaschiesya ngasezulwini ezimhlophe amasonto Dome ahlanganisiwe e ukuvumelana asicekeleki ne umfula omkhulukazi, okuyinto waba uphawu lokuhlala Russia ubudala.

Ungakwazi ukufinyelela sezindela ngesikebhe kusukela Nizhny Novgorod. Labo abafisa ukusizakala umhlaba yezokuthutha kufanele ifinyelelwe ngezindaba Nizhny Novgorod ibhasi isiteshi edolobheni Shcherbinka Lyskovo, bese ngiqhubeke nohambo esigodlweni sezindela ngesikebhe, wahlukana pier yayo.