Awezinyoka - ke ... izilwane zasemhlabeni, ezihuquzelayo. ezihuquzelayo lasendulo

Isihloko lesi sihloko - ezihuquzelayo. Izinhlobo, imisuka, izindawo, kanye namanye amaqiniso ngazo izokwethulwa kuwo.

Igama elithi "silwane" livela elithi Latin, elisho ukuhumusha "grovel", "khasa". Ngakho kusukela ubunjalo ukunyakaza bale ekilasini. Kufanele kuphawulwe nokho, ukuthi akuwona wonke ezihuquzelayo - yizilwane, ngubani can kuphela ukukhasa. Kukhona ezinye ukuthi kukhona gxuma ezinhle, ugijima, ukubhukuda kanti zikwazi nokundiza cishe uhlela njengoba izingwejeje ezindizayo.

ezihuquzelayo lasendulo

Lezi zilwane aphila kudala ngaphambi ukubukeka indoda emhlabeni. Ukuhlala ezihuquzelayo emhlabeni namuhla - ke kuphela izinsalela (izinsalela ezincane) wehlukile kakhulu futhi ecebile isigaba sokugcina. Sikhuluma ezihuquzelayo, ukufinyelela lalichumile enkulu e kwenkathi Mesozoic (angaba yizigidi 230-67 iminyaka BC. E.). Inani elikhulu of amafomu ahanjiswe ezihuquzelayo lasendulo. Ezinye yohlobo lwazo atholakala emhlabathini. Kungase kuqashelwe phakathi lezi okuzingela Tarbosaurus futhi ezidla uhlaza giant brontosauruses ezinkulu. Abanye, njengalabo zasemanzini ichthyosauri. Abanye kungenzeka Zindiza njengokhozi izinyoni. Izwe elihle ezihuquzelayo yasendulo azikaqondakali ngokuphelele. Mhlawumbe esikhathini esiseduze esizayo, ososayensi uzobhekana okutholakale muva.

Ngo-1988 e-Scotland baye bathola izinsalela zezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Izazi zilinganisela ukuthi eminyakeni million 340 edlule, lezi zilwane wahlala. Kwakuyiqiniso kwacaca ukuthi lasendulo iningi namuhla zinhlobo owaziwa ezihuquzelayo wezinsalela zamandulo. zabo obuphelele ndikimba cm 20.3 kuphela.

Umsuka ezihuquzelayo lasendulo

Kusukela izilwane zasemhlabeni lasendulo savela ezihuquzelayo lasendulo. Lo mcimbi ube isinyathelo esilandelayo kule nkambo okuzivumelanisa ukuphila ezweni ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla. Namuhla, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ukuhlangana. Amphibians ngenye eyaziwa ngokuthi izilwane zasemhlabeni, ezihuquzelayo - ezihuquzelayo.

Amaqembu ezihuquzelayo yesimanje

Ukuze ezihuquzelayo (yesimanje) zihlanganisa amaqembu elandelayo.

1. Izingwenya. Lezi yizilwane ezinkulu ngomzimba yascheroobraznoe. Kukhona zinhlobo 23 kuphela, lapho izinsongo zihlanganisa izingwenya yangempela futhi izingwenya, caimans futhi gavials.

2. Klyuvogolovye. Basuke emelelwa eyodwa kuphela zama-tuatara ngokuthi Sphenodon punctatus. Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo (isithombe omunye wabo lapha ngenzansi) ngokubukeka sifana isibankwa ezinkulu (kufika ku-75 cm) enomzimba omkhulu, nemilenze emihlanu kwabonakala futhi amakhanda ezinkulu.

3. Scale. Leli qembu yilona ezihuquzelayo eziningi kakhulu. Kuhlanganisa 7600 zilwane. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, isibankwa - iqembu elikhulu ezihuquzelayo namuhla. Lezi zihlanganisa: izibankwa, iguanas, pygopodidae, skinks, agama, Unwabu. Izibankwa - okukhethekile iqembu izilwane, okuyinto ikakhulu arboreal. Ukuze ukwazi ukufaka isicelo zibe maholoholo inyoka - ezihuquzelayo legless, kanye Amphisbaena - isidalwa worm-like nge umzimba kanye nomsila iDemo, kepha efaniswe ngokubukeka ukuphela ikhanda. Amphisbaena aguqulelwe ukwenza ukumba indlela yokuphila. Bona awavamile phezu. Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ukuchitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwabo ngaphansi komhlaba noma izidleke umuhlwa nezintuthwane, okuyinto zidla Amphisbaena. Ngokuvamile abanalo nasemilenzeni. Abamele okuqondene uhlobo lwe Bipes, kukhona kuphela imilenze front. Zingashukumisela emhlabathini unhlangothi futhi umsila kuqala. Ngenxa yalokhu, bebizwa futhi amphisbaenia. "Amphisbaena" lihunyushwa lisuselwa ngesiGreki ngokuthi "ezihambayo zombili izinkomba."

4. Omunye iqembu - ufudu. emizimbeni phansi bo thimu neziqhumane phezulu azungeze. Carapace kuhlanganisa besisu (plastron) kanye amaphiko (carapace) panel ezixhunywe ebhulohweni ithambo noma umsipha umqulu. Turtles, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-300 zezinhlanzi.

Bekanye ezincelisayo izinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ehlangana zibe yiqoqo elilodwa yezilwane ezinomgogodla ephakeme.

Baphi ezihuquzelayo?

Iningi ayindlela eliwumhlaba ukuphila reptlii. Ziyakwazi nezidalwa abakhetha namathafa evulekile wotha ilanga, kuhlanganise cishe elingenalo uhlaza elingenamanzi ehlane. Nokho, izimfudu eziningi nezingwenya konke bahlala emifuleni, emachibini noma emaxhaphozini. Ezinye izinyoka nezimfudu nazo njalo bahlala khona izilwandle.

Sezilwane ezihuquzelayo isikhumba, ngeshwa, manje selisetshenziswa womshini lesikhumba izimpahla. It is kakhulu ukuba khona, futhi ngenxa yalokho wahlupheka abameleli eziningi ezihuquzelayo. ikusasa labo - kusezandleni zethu.

ingwenya izindawo

Kuwo wonke amazwe zasezindaweni ezishisayo izingwenya ezivamile. Iningi lezi zilwane - ngezilwane ezihlala ephezulu amanzi emaxhaphozini, emachibini noma emifuleni. Ayevame ukuchitha ingxenye enkulu yosuku emanzini. Izingwenya ukuza angajulile angasogwini ekuseni ntambama, ukuze yokuthamela ilanga. Ukuze amanzi usawoti kwamukeleka bambalwa yohlobo lwazo. Saltwater ingwenya aphinde abhukude abuyele olwandle kude kakhulu - kufike ku km 600 ukusuka ogwini.

tuatara izindawo nezibankwa

Tuatara ezigcinwe kuphela zesiqhingi enamadwala, etholakala eduze New Zealand. inqolobane Special yasungulwa lapha ngenxa kubo.

Izibankwa atholakala cishe wonke iplanethi, ngaphezu zone abandayo. Izinhlobo ezithile ezintabeni usukume kuze kube semngceleni iqhwa okuphakade, isibonelo, zaseHimalaya - kumuntu ukuphakama 5.5 km ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. ukuphila Terrestrial kuyinto izibankwa kakhulu.

Nokho, ezinye zazo ukukhuphuka izihlahla noma otshanini, ezifana iselesele. Abanye bangase baphile unomphela ezihlahleni labo abazokwazi ehuquzelayo indiza. Wentulo Ebizwa Nge futhi geckos ezihlala emadwaleni Ungahambisa kanye evele mpo. Futhi ezinye izibankwa emhlabathini. Ngokuvamile abanalo amehlo, futhi imizimba yabo side. isibankwa Marine uhlala umugqa Surf. It has a ikhono athuthukiswe kahle ukubhukuda. Uchitha isikhathi esiningi amanzi, zidla ulwelwe.

Owakhiwe yizinyoka nezimfudu?

Kuyo yonke indawo emhlabeni kukhona izinyoka ezivamile, ngaphandle New Zealand, ezindaweni ezibandayo futhi kwezinye iziqhingi kwakufika wasolwandle. Zonke bebhukuda kahle, kukhona ngisho izinhlobo cishe yonke noma sonke isikhathi ukuchitha emanzini. Lokhu izinyoka ulwandle. imisila yawo gwedla emise singatsheki onomfutho. Ngenxa kwathatha izinyoka burrowing yokuphila abanye babo lehla amehlo akhe futhi wanyamalala ngaphansi izihlangu, kanye imisila mfushane. It microhylidae izinyoka slepuny.

Amachibi nezwe izimfudu zitholakala kwi eziningi iziqhingi, kanye on wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle Antarctica. zahlukahlukene kakhulu yazo. Kuyinto Emahlathini emvula, izingwadule ezishisa, emifuleni, emachibini nasemaxhaphozini, expanses ka ulwandlekazi nezilwandle ugu. Kukho konke ukuphila kwami Izimfudu zasolwandle eyenziwa emanzini. Bathandana nalo babuye bathandane waya ogwini kuphela amaqanda.

Inyoka ngobukhulu

Inyoka ngobukhulu lamadolobha esimanjemanje - lena Anaconda (ngenhla) nenhlwatsi reticulated. Ekugcineni bahlangana ukufinyelela 10 metres. Empumalanga Colombia Ngokwesibonelo Anaconda watholakala, esiyingqayizivele ngobukhulu - 11 m 43 cm Brahmin slepun kuyinto. Inyoka kulencane. yayo obuphelele umzimba akuyona angaphezu kuka-12 cm.

Ubukhulu izingwenya

I izingwenya ngobukhulu - Saltwater futhi iNayile. Ubude befinyelela 7 m. Ukuze 1.2 m kanye 1.5 m nabesifazane nakwabesilisa ubude esiphezulu we paleosuchus umzimba, kokuncane kunakho phakathi kwezinye izingwenya.

izimfudu Iningi ezinkulu nezincane

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke ufudu yesimanje kubhekwa ulwandle leatherback. ubude bayo kungaba idlule 2 amamitha. E-UK, ogwini, kwatholakala isidumbu iduna 1988 izinhlobo izimfudu, athatha ububanzi 2,77 m kanye nobude - 2.91. Musk ufudu luncane phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo. Ubude obuphakathi nendawo carapace yayo ilingana 7.6 cm.

Ubukhulu izibankwa

Phakathi izibankwa ezincane kunazo ezibhekwa sphaerodactylus intombi. 16 kuphela mm ubude imizimba yabo (ngaphandle umsila). Ngokungangabazeki, isibankwa ngobukhulu udrako Komodo (esithombeni sakhe kuboniswa ngezansi).

ubude bomzimba wayo kuze kube amamitha amathathu nakakhulu. Njengoba ehlala Papua New Guinea langurs ukuqapha Salvador ifinyelela 4,75 m ubude, kodwa mayelana 70% ubude umsila uwela.

lokushisa umzimba ezihuquzelayo

Like izilwane zasemhlabeni, ezihuquzelayo ungenalo lokushisa emzimbeni njalo. Ngakho-ke umsebenzi wabo wokuphila kuncike kakhulu ezingeni lokushisa elifanele. Ngokwesibonelo, e-nesomiso kanye nemfudumalo, zingabantu matasa ngalesi sikhathi futhi ngokuvamile ukubamba iso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, e sezulu kanye abandayo nokubi, aphole futhi kuyaqabukela baphume ezinqabeni zabo ecashile. Emazingeni esondele ku-zero ezihuquzelayo awela catalepsy. Yingakho ezonini ehlathini bayingcosana. Nampa, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-5 kuphela zezinhlanzi.

Awezinyoka ungalawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo, nje ecashele hypothermia noma okweqile. Isikhucululi, isibonelo, ivumela ezihuquzelayo ukugwema amakhaza nokufudumala kosuku - Umsebenzi ebusuku.

umkhuba ukuphefumula

Awezinyoka (izithombe ezinye zazo ethulwa kulesi sihloko), ngokungafani kuya kweziyisikhombisa nesilwane sasolwandle esisodwa ukuphefumula ukukhanya kuphela. Bona kalula londoloza isakhiwo isikhwama, kodwa ezihuquzelayo kungaphezu kuyinkimbinkimbi Sakhiwo sangekhatsi kunobukaJohane izilwane zasemhlabeni. Eligoqiwe lezinyosi isakhiwo kukhona kwezindonga engaphakathi sacs yamaphaphu. Ziyakwazi okusikhumbuza lezinyosi. Lokhu kakhulu kwandisa reptilian ebusweni zokuphefumula. Ngokungafani nezilwane eziphila ezweni, ezihuquzelayo umoya ngeke injected. Nokho, i-iningi labo kuba umoya isici okuthiwa "ukuncela" uhlobo. Bona exhale futhi donsa umoya ngokusebenzisa amakhala usebenzisa ukusikwa futhi ukunwetshwa esifubeni. Kwesenzo sokuphefumula kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izicubu besisu futhi intercostal.

Nokho, izimfudu izimbambo ongasanyakazi ngenxa yokubakhona igobolondo, ngakho kwezinhlobo lingelakhe, isungule nenye indlela ukupholisa kunamanye ezihuquzelayo. Basuke eliqhutshwa emaphashini esebenzisa nokugwinya, noma okwenza imilenze front ekhiphela up ukunyakaza.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Awezinyoka ukukhiqiza kabusha ezweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bona, ngokungafani nezilwane eziphila ezweni, ukuthuthukiswa ngqo, okusho ngaphandle esigabeni elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu. Awezinyoka ngokuvamile amaqanda ezinkulu isikhuphasha nokuceba igobolondo-futhi amniotic (igciwane) amagobolondo ukuvikela umonakalo mechanical ukulahlekelwa amanzi imibungu, futhi ahlinzeke negesi lokushintshisana kanye nokudla. Ngesikhathi hatching, ukufinyelela babebaningi kakhulu, izilwane ezihuquzelayo abasha. It has ncamashi amancane abadala.