Inhloko-dolobha ye-Benin - Porto Novo. I-Republic of Benin - ezweni elithile eNtshonalanga Afrika

isimo aseNtshonalanga Afrika akuyona neze into yezivakashi. It is kahle asethuthukile ingqalasizinda, kanye share sengonyama sabantu abaphila ngaphansi imithetho efanayo nasezinkolelweni ezingamjabulisi iminyaka 100-200 edlule. Nokho, kuyoba mnandi kuso kusukela iphuzu zomlando umbono, ngoba ungabona Afrika yangempela, ukuqinisekisa ubuwena wabantu bayo, namasiko alo uzibuze.

mayelana izwe

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyokwazi ukuphendula ngokushesha umbuzo iphi Benin. Abaningi, cishe, kuleli zwe ngokuvamile abangalwazi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, isimo kuyinto owalandela zomlando kuya kanye enamandla medieval Afrika imfundo yomphakathi waseDahomey.

I-Republic of Benin iseningizimu eNtshonalanga Afrika, eduze eGulf of Guinea. Kusukela imingcele enyakatho ne Niger kanye neBurkina Faso, entshonalanga - ne Togo empumalanga - ne Nigeria. Insimu isimo sehlukaniswe neminyango nambili zokuphatha: Alibori, Atlantic, Atakora, Borgou, Collines, Couffo, Dongo, Littoral, Mono, Ouémé, Plateau, Zou. Bonke ngothi lwabo, yena, ahlukaniselwe 77 communes.

inhlokodolobha ngokulinganisa of Benin kuyinto Porto-Novo, eqinisweni, umangalela zonke amahhovisi kahulumeni, zamanxusa ku Coston. uhlelo State - republic kamongameli nge monopartiynoy uhlelo. UMongameli kokubili ikhanda lika uhulumeni, okuyinto usebenzisa amandla esiphezulu. umthethosisekelo Benin Ukwenza manje wamukelwa ngonyaka 1990.

Kukhona ulimi ezine ezivamile: isizinda, isiYoruba, Sombo kanye isiFulentshi, okuyinto isimo. Umnotho we Benin ngokuphelele esekelwe kwezolimo yemvelo (i-yam, ummbila, tapioca) nokuba umuntu athuthukise ukotini. Esikhathini yembathani okwamanje uwoyela negesi Amasimu, kodwa akukhona ukuthi ziphathwa esizakala ngawo. Inani okuncane ukuze gold mine, itshe-nsimbi, idwala phosphate, zemabula.

Climate nemvelo

Uma ubheka ibalazwe, uzoqaphela ukuthi Benin (Africa) ine ijamo side-Atlantic Ocean maphakathi nezwekazi. Lokhu kuchaza yokuthi isimo itholakala zokuzamazama ezimbili zezulu. Nasengxenyeni eseningizimu ubuswa sezulu elisenkabazwe nge ejwayelekile nenkathi yezimvula iphelela ngo-March kuya July futhi kusukela ngo-September kuya ekuqaleni kuka November. Umbuso wasenyakatho ingxenye Benin itholakala ibhande subequatorial. Khona unyaka zonyaka ezimbili liphinyiselwe: ezomile (Disemba - April, May) semvula (June - Novemba). Lina incane kakhulu ukwedlula eningizimu. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu ukuhamba uma kungenziwa wavakashela inhlokodolobha Benin, kwenzeka kusukela ngoDisemba kuya ku-March, isimo sezulu ukhululekile kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi, futhi kuleli zwe kukhona nemikhosi eminingi nemikhosi.

Uma lonke izwe ifihliwe ehlathini. Manje bamane nje kancane walondoloza maphakathi isimo, kodwa ngokuvamile cishe ukusika izihlahla kuphela ingatholakala esifundeni. Nezilwane imelelwa izinyoni, ezinkulu ezilwaneni eziyingozi (panthers, izingwenya) kanye ezidla uhlaza (izindlovu, Buffaloes, antelopes).

dweba zomlando

Insimu Benin yesimanje yake ingxenye umbuso omkhulu medieval waseDahomey, nenhloko-dolobha yalo emzini Abomey (manje sokuqondisa se uMnyango Zou).

Abantu abake baphila la mazwe kusukela Paleolithic kanye Neolithic. Kingdom waseDahomey yasungulwa ngekhulu le-17. Ngalesi sikhathi ulwazi lokuqala mayelana dolobha yesimanje Porto-Novo. Umsuka izwe ukuya Aja isizwe, wasebenzisa ukuba bahlale kule ugu State Allada. Akha enyakatho kancane kancane ezimfundisweni nabantu bendawo.

Ekhulwini le-17. IsiFulentshi, isiDashi kanye isiPutukezi ogwini zwe bake wasungula isiphetho zokuqala zaseYurophu abathengisi. Inkosi adayiswa izigqila esenana izikhali, ayesetshenziselwa ekwandeni. BaseYurophu futhi bakhangwa amasiko endawo. engavamile Ikakhulukazi ngabo kwaba khona kwesihogo kumiswa lempi abesifazane - Amazons waseDahomey. Baye kungase kutholakale ukuthi amasosha yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba, abanesibindi futhi professional ngesikhathi wokuQala nowesiBili Franco-Dahomean neMpi.

WaseDahomey waqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngekhulu le-19. Lapho-ke iwine amabutho French avela eSenegal. Kwabe ukubusa koMbuso nokwenziwa French eNtshonalanga Afrika e 1904. I bamakoloni ngokwengxenye nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni esifundeni: ekuqaleni nokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo, izitshalo zezimboni.

Ngo-1946, waseDahomey washintsha isimo salo futhi waziwa ngokuthi njengendawo yayo ephesheya kwezilwandle yeFrance. Lapho umbusi, ukubusa izwe, waqala ukusebenza General Council, okuyinto wawuyingxenye nezazi zendawo onxiwankulu.

Ukuthola uzibuse Republic waseDahomey wathola Agasti 1, 1960 umongameli wokuqala kwaba M. K. Yuber, empeleni ukusungula uhulumeni wobushiqela siqu. Kusukela ngo-1963 kuya ku-1972, izwe wazibonela amasu okugumbuqela imibuso emine lempi. Ngenxa yalokho wale mithandazo wafika amandla M. Kerekou, base bakha uhlelo iqembu elilodwa ne kaMarx-Leninist yekuphila. Ngo-1989 sazilahla izimiso zakhe, bese labetibambile ukhetho zayo zokuqala mahhala, futhi isimo Yaphinde yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-Republic of Benin.

Benin abantu

Ngokusho kwemibiko yamuva, isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke abantu abayizigidi 8.3, isilinganiso sobude bokuphila kwabantu uphansi futhi iminyaka engu-54. Leli zwe isimo sasivumela nzima nge imithi, wenzalo kanye nokushona, ikakhulukazi phakathi izingane. Mayelana 1.9% labantu abathwali-HIV.

Benin iyisimo zamazwe ngamazwe, insimu yayo owakhiwe amazwe angaphezu kuka-60 namaqembu ezinhlanga 42. isizwe Largest Wakhula (cishe ngo-65%), ezihlobene ewe. It is ikakhulukazi basakaza eningizimu ezindaweni ezakhelene lamazwe angomakhelwane. Inombolo - 3.5 million abantu, baba ikakhulukazi ukugcina izinkolelo zendabuko, kanye kuphela ingxenye kungokwalabo ubuKristu. Isikhathi esiningi benza owakhiwe inhloko-dolobha Benin. Ingemuva iyi-core yobuhlanga waseDahomey.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abavamile Barba cishe 1/10 labantu lonke lelo zwe. Bayakholelwa ikakhulu bendabuko, ingxenye encane - amaSulumane Sunni. EBenin, izizwe ngobukhulu baphile abantu Sombo kanye Yoruba bead.

isimo Capital

Imithombo lokuqala ebhalwe ukuthi usho inhloko-dolobha Benin, eyakho ngekhulu le-17. Usuku olunembile isisekelo ayaziwa, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi sekwenzekile ekhulwini le-18. Ngesikhathi esifanayo in the isiPutukezi ixazululwe, ngenxa ngalo muzi waba isikhungo ukuhweba ngezigqila. Yena ezamenyezelwa inhloko-dolobha isimo kusukela ukuthola inkululeko ngo-1960,

Porto-Novo - ingenye nezimbobo eGulf of Guinea, etholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe. He is nekomkhulu lalo okuzisholo futhi settlement lesibili ngobukhulu emva isikhungo langempela Conton. Lesi sakamuva okubaluleke kakhulu isimo njengoba iphuzu kwamasiko umbono ovela zezombusazwe. Esikhathini izimpilo dolobha, ngokuvumelana 2002, 223 552 abantu.

inhlokodolobha ezikhangayo

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inhloko-dolobha Benin kungaba ozibongayo ezingeni lelisetulu induduzo izivakashi futhi ezinkulu ngobukhulu, kuyathakazelisa kusukela umbono komlando wasendulo. Izivakashi kufanele abe nesithakazelo ezikhangayo ezilandelayo:

• Cathedral kwekhulu XVIII., Eyakhelwe yi isiPutukezi.
• Imyuziyamu ye-ethnographic, equkethe i Kusaphazwa izinto Yoruba yokuzinikela, kanye izincwadi zomlando ngabanye nasezintweni ezazisetshenziswa kudala.
• Da Silva Museum, anikezelwe uhlobano phakathi Afrika kanye neBrazil, nge cinema ezivulekile, umtapo wezincwadi kanye ehhotela.
• IRoyal Palace, owawungumnyaka yokuhlala weNkosi Roy toffee.