Imfundo e-United States: ezingeni kanye nezici

Ukuthuthukiswa imfundo e-US, yaqala ngenkulu kwesigamu yokuqala yekhulu nesikhombisa. Life of bamakoloni owafika kuleli zwe ngaleso sikhathi kwakugcwele ubunzima nemfundo ekuseni kakhulu nokwethuka, kodwa ngaqala ukuvula - kwakunjani isikole esincane kanye izikhungo kahle esikhulu semfundo. Ngokwesibonelo, owaziwa waseHarvard University yasungulwa ngo 1636.

imfundo yesibili e Melika ikakhulukazi isimo, it is uxhaso ngokusebenzisa ibhajethi isimo, imithetho yombuso kanye lendawo. Kodwa ngo-US ephakeme ohlelweni lwezemfundo yakhelwe ukuze amayunivesithi amaningi usebenza nsuku yangasese, ngakho iyakwazi ukuheha abafundi abavela emhlabeni wonke.

isakhiwo

Kuye isimo bobudala obungefani ukuze kuqale ukuqeqeshwa ubude bayo. Ukuze emfundweni yezingane e-United States, njengoba umthetho, kuthathela iminyaka ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili, futhi iphela eneminyaka engu-iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili noma nesishiyagalolunye ubudala. izingane Okokuqala American sabaqalayo nokutadisha khona kuze ekilasini lesihlanu noma lesithupha (kuye ngokuthi izikole kulesi sifunda). Khona-ke zingena esikoleni esiphakeme lapho yokufunda uphela ekilasini lesishiyagalombili. Omdala, noma ngaphezulu, esikoleni - yesishiyagalolunye ku amamaki nambili.

Abafana namantombazane abamukele isikole e-United States, angangena amakolishi. Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka emibili, bathola iziqu, okulingana education amakhono eRussia. Futhi ungakwazi bahlukane nakho e ekolishi noma enyuvesi ngokushesha iminyaka emine futhi bathole iziqu ze-bachelor. Ubani-ke ungaqhubeka imfundo yabo nakakhulu futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu ukuze uthole iziqu zeMasters noma iziqu.

esikoleni samabanga aphansi

Lapha baqeqeshiwe izingane ezineminyaka ephakathi kwemihlanu nengu iminyaka eyishumi nanye noma nambili ubudala. Njengoba eRussia, tonkhe tifundvo nifundiswa omunye uthisha, ngaphandle umculo, ubuciko kanye nemfundo ngokomzimba. Phakathi ezifundweni kukharikhulamu kuhlanganisiwe izibalo (ngezinye izikhathi - algebra aphansi), ukubhala, ukufunda. ngesayensi yezenhlalo kanye yemvelo esikoleni samabanga aphansi wafunda kancane futhi ngokuvamile athathe isimo umlando wendawo. Izici wezemfundo e-United States abanjalo ukuthi ngezindlela eziningi ukuqeqeshwa siqukethe Uhambo, ubuciko imiklamo kanye nokuzijabulisa. Le ndlela yokufunda livelile ngenxa ukugeleza imfundo okuqhubekayo ezavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, okuyinto wafundisa ukuthi izingane kufanele zithole ulwazi ngokusebenzisa izenzo nsuku zonke futhi ahlaziye imiphumela yabo.

secondary school

Lapha, abafundi bafundiswa iminyaka eyishumi nanye noma nambili nane. Uthisha ngamunye lifundisa lokho ayekufundisa. I lwezifundo kuhlanganisa English, izibalo nesayensi yezenhlalo futhi zemvelo, imfundo ngokomzimba. Futhi, abantwana ingakwazi ukhethe elilodwa noma amabili yokufunda ekilasini wena, njengoba umthetho, izinto zobuciko, kukhulunywa izilimi zakwamanye amazwe kanye nobuchwepheshe.

Lapho efunda esikoleni esiphakeme, abafundi baqala wahlukanise ukusakaza: abavamile futhi eziphambili. Ukwenza kahle izingane esikoleni ubuthe "zokuhlonipha" amakilasi lapho zonke izinto ngokushesha futhi anda izidingo zokuqeqeshwa. Nokho, manje, wagxeka abafunde e-United States: ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukwehlukana ekuphileni begodu abafundi kancane akukuniki isisusa omncane ukuba uhambisane.

High school

Lena esigabeni sokugcina imfundo yesibili, kufakwe hlangana ukubandulwa lesishiyagalolunye kuya amamaki nambili. Lapho efunda esikoleni esiphakeme, abafundi kuthiwa inkululeko eyengeziwe enkulu ekukhethweni kuka izifundo ukufunda. nezidingo esabekwa ibhodi lesikole kunikeziwe ukuthola diploma.

Imfundo ephakeme e-United States

Leli zwe cishe 4500 zemfundo ephakeme. Ingxenye yomhlaba engamaphesenti angaphezu kuka amahlanu abafundi ukukhetha ukuqeqeshwa kuhlelo eneminyaka eyisithupha (Bachelor + Master). Imfundo e-United States ngonyaka bazakwemukela okungaphezulu kwengxenye yesigidi Ukuba nabafundi bakwamanye amazwe, abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye kulo bayizinkulungwane abamele amazwe ase-Asia. ukwenza ukuthi inkokhelo yemfundo luyanda njalo ngonyaka, futhi lokho kusebenza kuwo womabili amanyuvesi zomphakathi kanye nezizimele. Ukuze uthole unyaka cwaningo kuyadingeka ukusakaza ezinhlanu kuya eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane amadola (kuncike isikhungo). Nokho, abafundi abathola iholo eliphansi emanyuvesi amaningi akhokhe imifundaze ophanayo. Lapho ekhuluma baseMelika ngokuvamile zonke izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme abizwa ngokuthi amakolishi, ngisho noma eqinisweni akusiwona ekolishi, futhi inyuvesi.

izinhlobo zemfundo ephakeme

Imfundo ephakeme e-United States zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu. izikhungo zemfundo kuhluke kakhulu emkhathini futhi inani labafundi. College of University ukungabi / khona izinhlelo zocwaningo futhi iziqu ezifundweni.

Amakolishi ngokuvamile kwenzeka yokufunda umfundi futhi imisebenzi yesayensi kungaphezu kwamandla anoma izinhlelo zemfundo. Njengomthetho, labo amakolishi okudinga degree oneminyaka emine, ayimfihlo nabancane (kuthatha abafundi ayizinkulungwane ezimbili). Nakuba ezinkulu State College kubantu abasha abanamakhono aye amiswa eminyakeni yamuva. Ngaphansi komthetho wase-US ezikoleni enjalo angase ukubhalisa ohlala endaweni ukuthi zikuphi, kodwa empeleni ingase yenze kube kuhle nzima. Ngenxa izikole ezahlukene amazinga ehlukene ukuqeqeshwa, amakolishi musa ngempela uthemba amamaki abafundi futhi ahlinzeke izivivinyo zabo kubo.

Zonke amanyuvesi yezwe, futhi, zihlukaniswe ku amayunivesithi ilizwe baxhaswe nguhulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele. Ngakho udumo kuqala kancane wawungaphansi yokugcina. Injongo eyinhloko amanyuvesi isimo - ukufundisa abafundi esifundeni yabo, futhi intsha evela kwamanye amazwe esungulwe umncintiswano, futhi kumele bakhokhe anda ukufundisa Imali. Kulezi amanyuvesi ikhwalithi yefundo ngokuvamile ehlupheka ngenxa namaqembu amakhulu kakhulu, ubushiqela nokuntula usizo yothisha abafundi. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, abaningi abasanda kuphothula umatikuletsheni ngisho izicelo angaphandle abafisa ukufunda emhlambini United States ukuba okungcono isimo amanyuvesi, kuhlanganise Michigan noVirginia, kanye University of California Berkeley.

Ukuze ezizimele imfundo ephakeme basonta amanyuvesi edume kunazo American, okungukuthi, Stanford, i-Harvard, Princeton, MIT, i-Yale, California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Iningi amanyuvesi yangasese - yobukhulu medium, kodwa kukhona ezincane kakhulu (isibonelo, Caltech), mikhulu kakhulu (isibonelo, i-University of Southern California).

I-US Ezemfundo

Imfundo ephakeme e-United States ubhekwa omunye the best kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngokuvamile, izinga kokukwazi baseMelika ifinyelela angu-99. Ngokwezibalo ngo-2011, amaphesenti angu-86 abantu abasha abaseminyakeni yobudala ephakathi kwengu engamashumi amabili nanhlanu kwadingeka education amakhono (esikoleni + eminyakeni emibili ekolishi), no-30 per cent - iziqu ze-bachelor (iminyaka emine esikoleni + ekolishi noma enyuvesi).

Ngokungafani impumelelo izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme, imfundo yesibili e-United States ihlangabezana eziningana nobunzima. Njengoba United States uNobhala Ezemfundo, ohlelweni esikoleni kuleli zwe manje yokujama tsi futhi awukwazi ukuncintisana namanye amazwe amaningi. Amaphesenti angu-25 abafundi American awukwazi ukuqedela izifundo zabo ngesikhathi, ngoba asikwazi ukumelana nokushintsha ukuhlolwa kokugcina.

Ekuphetheni

Naphezu eziningi izinkinga ohlelweni wezemfundo e-United umise ngokwaso njengoba omunye the best kakhulu emhlabeni. Amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu minyaka yonke ukuza e-United States esuka emazweni ahlukahlukene nenjongo eyodwa kuphela - ukufunda emakolishi aseMelika namanyuvesi. E-US izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme okungaphezu kwanoma yikuphi okukhona nezinye isimo. Kodwa amanyuvesi ezifana neHarvard, iStanford, Cambridge, Princeton, sekuyisikhathi eside lahlotjaniswa ezingeni eliphezulu lemfundo emhlabeni wonke. Abantu abaye baphothula kubo, babe njalo ithuba esikhathini esizayo ukwakha imisebenzi yokuziphilisa emihle.