Umsuka iChibi iBaikal. IChibi iBaikal kumephu. Ubudala iBaikal umcengezi

Umsuka iChibi iBaikal zomhlaba. It iseningizimu eSiberia; Kuyinto ejulile emhlabeni. Leli chibi futhi zonke izindawo ezizungezile kuhlala zinhlobo ngempela ahlukahlukene futhi eyingqayizivele zezilwane nezitshalo. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi kule Russian Federation, Baykal ngokuthi kolwandle.

Okwamanje, kukhona izingxabano mayelana zingaki ngempela ubudala ichibi. Njengomthetho, sonke sinamathela ngohlaka: eminyakeni million 25-35. Nokho, kuba izibalo ezinembile zikhona izingxoxo. Lokhu "ukuphila" ukuba leli chibi uncharacteristic kakhulu, njengoba umthetho, yonke Lakes agugula emva kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane 10-15 wempilo.

Imininingwane kawonkewonke ezindawo

IChibi iBaikal liyindawo etholakala maphakathi-Asia, ke osuka ntshonalanga-mpumalanga. ubude bayo - 620 km, ububanzi okungenani - 24 km, kanye esiphezulu - 79 km. Ugu ibanga ayizinkulungwane 2. Km. Lake umcengezi elizungezwe amagquma kanye izintaba. Ogwini olusentshonalanga ye ifomu emaweni rocky. Ngo ogwini empumalanga uyisicaba.

Lokhu emanzini yiyona ejulile emhlabeni. endaweni Jikelele iChibi iBaikal obuyizinkulungwane 31. ^km2. Isilinganiso kwesigubhu ukujula - 744 metres. Ngenxa yokuthi ukudangala at yizinkulungwane 1. M ngezansi ezingeni Umhlaba Ocean indishi echibini ingenye ebaluleke kakhulu.

Fresh umthamo amanzi - ayizinkulungwane 23 km ^{3 ..} Phakathi namachibi iBaikal lifaka yesibili kulolu sibalo. Yena kuvuma yoLwandle iCaspian, kodwa umehluko ukuthi ngamanzi anosawoti yokugcina. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi kwesigubhu has a semali amanzi kuka isimiso sezinto Great Lakes.

Ngo XIX kwatholakala ukuthi 336 iwela emanzini echibini ageleza. Okwamanje, akukho izibalo eqondile, futhi ososayensi njalo ngokuthi idatha ezahlukene, kusukela 544 kuya 1120.

amanzi Climate futhi echibini

IChibi iBaikal incazelo kusenza siqonde ukuthi kwesigubhu samanzi eqhukethe oksijini, namaminerali anele (particulate futhi wavala) futhi ukungcola organic.

Ngenxa amanzi lapha sezulu ngempela kubanda. Summer okushisa izingqimba musa idlule 9 degrees, okungenani - 15 degrees. Kwakuwusuku lokushisa eliphakeme 23 degrees kwezinye amatheku.

Lapho umfula okwesibhakabhaka (njengoba umthetho, kuba ezifana entwasahlobo), sibona phansi echibini, uma kungukuthi ngalesi sikhathi ukujula ingeqi 40 amamitha. Ehlobo kanye autumn lo mbala ukuthi imibala amanzi ubalekela, obala iba ubuncane (hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-10 m). Nosawoti nazo ezincane, ngakho ingasetshenziswa njengoba amanzi distilled.

okokuqandisa

Freeze-up uyaqhubeka kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-January futhi eyishumi yokuqala Mashi. Ice ehlanganiswa bonke ubuso ichibi, ngaphandle ukuthi elisezweni lendlu yebhanoyi. Kusukela ngo-June kuya ku-September iBaikal ukuvula i-navigation.

Ice ukujiya ngokuvamile ingeqi 2 amamitha. Lapho kukhona yesithwathwa esindayo, ice imifantu ahlukaniselwe izingcezu eziningana ezinkulu. Njengomthetho, izikhala zenzeka ezindaweni ezifanayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo basuke ephelezelwa nomsindo omkhulu ekukhumbuza isibhamu noma ukuduma. IChibi iBaikal inkinga Akucaci ngokuphelele, kodwa lokhu eziyisisekelo. Ngenxa imifantu izinhlanzi abafi, ngoba amanzi ahlanganiswe umoya-mpilo. Ngenxa yokuthi leli qhwa sihamba imisebe kwelanga esikhathini ulwelwe amanzi zikhule kahle.

Umsuka iChibi iBaikal

Imibuzo mayelana umsuka iBaikal asinayo impendulo enembile, futhi ososayensi zisaphikisana ke. Manje kunobufakazi bokuthi ugu zamanje hhayi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-8 yinkulungwane, ichibi ngokwalo lapho isikhathi eside.

Abanye abacwaningi ukwamukela umqondo wokuthi umsuka iChibi iBaikal ngenxa yokuba khona we fu elinobuthi isiphuku, elinye - the uguqule iphutha zone, kanti eyesithathu - bashayisana we ipuleti Eurasia. Kulesi emanzini namanje kokushintsha ngenxa ukuzamazama komhlaba njalo.

Impela kuphela eyaziwa ukuthi ukucindezeleka, okuyinto iChibi iBaikal - elalikhona. isakhiwo sayo kufana isakhiwo yoLwandle Olufile.

Umsuka somfula iChibi iBaikal babe esikhathini Mesozoic. Nokho, abanye banomuzwa wokuthi kwenzeka eminyakeni million 25 edlule. Njengoba kwesigubhu has imicengezi eziningana, bayehluka esikhathini kwetinhlavu kanye nesakhiwo. Okwamanje, ukuvela ukuqhutshwa entsha. Ngenxa ukuzamazama ngaphansi kwamanzi bahamba kulesi siqhingi futhi kwasungulwa ingxenye encane bay. Ngo-1959, ngenxa yemvelo phansi kwesigubhu liye lehla ngo amamitha ambalwa phansi.

Ngaphansi phansi njalo kwenzekani kugcwele Ukushisa, it is kakhulu ukuthonywa umsuka somfula iChibi iBaikal. Lawa iziza bayakwazi ukukhulisa ungqimba lomhlaba, sinyathele ukuba deform. Cishe, inqubo efanayo kwaba juqu kumiswa izintaba ezisizungezile lonke ichibi. Okwamanje, ayimigodi zomhlaba azungeze iBaikal kusukela cishe kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.

Abaningi Eqinisweni owaziwa ukuthi minyaka yonke ogwini echibini kude nomunye ku 2-3 cm. Umsuka iChibi iBaikal umthelela umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba endaweni. Manje kule ndawo kwesigubhu Awekho intabamlilo, kodwa mlilo namanje abakhona.

Relief echibini ngaphansi ice age. Kwezinye moraines waphawula ithonya labo. Kwesigubhu wawa izigaxa ubukhulu amamitha angu-120. Okungenzeka futhi leli qiniso, ukuthi umsuka iBaikal Lake kuye kwahlotshaniswa ukuncibilika floes ice. Kodwa siyazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ichibi isikhathi eside hhayi embozwe iqhwa, okwenza ukuphila kuwo ugciniwe.

Biota

IBaikal anomoya izinhlanzi nazo izitshalo. Lihlala 2000 zezilwane zasolwandle. Iningi lazo - kukhona sendawo, okungukuthi, baphile kuphela kule ndawo. inombolo enkulu okunjalo abahlali amachibi ngenxa yokuthi emanzini a-mpilo okuqukethwe okwanele. Ngokuvamile kukhona ezinamagobolondo epishura. Badlala indima ebalulekile empilweni iBaikal njengoba yenza umsebenzi lemifanekiso.

Izigaba cwaningo futhi ukuhleleka kokuhlala kwabantu echibini

Ngokusho imibhalo, okuyinto atholakele ngenxa ukuhlolwa iBaikal, kuya kweleshumi XII insimu eduze uhlalwe Buryats. Baqale kahle ogwini olungasentshonalanga, futhi kamuva weza Transbaikalia. nemizana Russian uvele kuphela ekhulwini XVIII.

Isimo emvelweni

IBaikal has a ngemvelo esiyingqayizivele. Ngo-1999, imithetho esemthethweni ukuvikela umzimba ngamanzi Benziwe. Kufakiwe umbuso elawula yonke imisebenzi yomuntu. izinkinga iChibi iBaikal elihlobene ne-cutting of izihlahla, esithinta kakhulu imvelo. Abantu abathintekayo kulezi zinto, bashushiswe ngokomthetho.

Umsuka kwegama

Lo mbuzo ibingakazeki, kanye eyanikezwa ososayensi zihluke kakhulu. Okwamanje kukhona ezingaphezu kweziyisishiyagalombili nokuba eziyishumi nencazelo futhi conjecture. Ezinye zisekelwe version okungukuthi e umsuka igama lolimi Turkic (Bai-Kul), abanye --Mongolian (Bagan, futhi Baigal uDalai). Abantu ababehlala ogwini echibini, yena waba okuthiwa ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele: Lamu, Beihai, Beigang Nuur.

Ngu iBaikal engafinyelelwa kusukela kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi. Njengomthetho, zezivakashi ku Severobaikalsk futhi Irkutsk Ulan-Ude.

A amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka e-Irkutsk Listvyanka elise - eduze ichibi emzaneni. Nguye ohola kunombolo zezivakashi. Lapho ungachitha iholide lakho ngenkuthalo futhi amaningi kakhulu abathanda ubuhle kuleli chibi.

Ogwini olusenyakatho ye IChibi iBaikal liyindawo Khakusy resort. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungathola emizileni yemvelo.