Art. 395 Code Civil ye-Russian Federation. Isibopho sokungafezeki kwesibopho semali

Isibopho sokungafezeki kwanoma yisiphi isibopho semali esinikezwa ngumthetho wamanje we-Russian Federation. Ngokuyinhloko, ukusetshenziswa okungemthetho kweminye imali yabantu, izigwegwe zenziwe ubuciko. 395 Code Civil ye-Russian Federation. Amazwana kulesi sihloko atholakalayo ngezansi.

Umthethonqubo wemfanelo

I-universality yemali ekuhanjisweni kwezomnotho, kanye nokusabalalisa kwezomphakathi, ukulinganisa kwabo bonke emhlabeni jikelele kungenye yezakhiwo eziyinhloko kuphela eziphathelene nesibopho semali. Le nto inempahla ethize, ngakho-ke isidingo somthetho oqinisekisiwe wesikweletu, esenzeka uma kwenzeka ukungahambisani nesibopho semali, kuyimvelo. Art. I-395 ye-Civil Code yaseRussian Federation lapho imibono yayo ibeka khona kuphela izinhlinzeko nezimo ezidingekayo zokulawula lowo mthwalo wemfanelo. Lesi sihloko sinikeza izigwebo ezifanele zokungafezeki kwesibopho esibekwe ngemali.

Isisekelo sokwenzeka kwecala

Kungenziwa kanjani ukwephulwa kwesibopho semali? Kungokwemvelo, kuphela ngesimo esisodwa ukulibaziseka kokukhokhwa kwemali yonke noma ingxenye yayo, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izimo ezibekwa yizinhlangothi ezivumelwaneni. Ifomu elikhethekile libeka futhi isibopho esibucayi ngaphandle kweminye imithwalo yemfanelo.

Ngakho-ke, isisekelo sokuheha umuntu owephula isibopho semali, kuyoba yiqiniso lokungabuyiselwa kwezimali ngesikhathi esichazwe yizinhlangothi. Yilezi zinto ezithinta ukusungulwa kwecala lomthengi kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuciko. 395 we-Civil Code yaseRussian Federation, futhi hhayi ukuthi wasisebenzisa kanjani imali - ngokungemthetho noma ngokomthetho.

Ukulahlekelwa

Ebudlelwaneni bamakethe zanamuhla, lapho umnotho wanamuhla owakhiwe khona, noma yikuphi umuntu owenza ibhizinisi, noma ngabe ngubani osomabhizinisi noma inhlangano yezohwebo, usebenzisa imali yakhe njalo. Njengomthetho, ithengisa lezi zimali ukugcwalisa izimpahla zamanje, kanye nezinye izinjongo ezibalulekile zebhizinisi. Esimweni esinzima kakhulu, abesomabhizinisi bafaka imali enjalo ezikhungweni zezimali ngemali ebekwe kuyo futhi bathola imali engenayo. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi umboleki womuntu onjalo engabuyiseli imali eyamukelwe ngaphambilini, ngakho-ke akafezi izibopho zakhe, osomabhizinisi ngamunye noma inhlangano inesibalo semali, esilindele. Akakwazi ukuthumela imali ekuthuthukiseni noma ekugcinweni kwebhizinisi, futhi kwezinye izimo lokhu kungabhekana nokulimala okukhulu, noma ngisho nokuwa okuphelele kwebhizinisi. Umbolekisi wezezikweletu ezingathembeki unendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuvimbela ukulimala okungenzeka, lokhu kuthola imali ngaphandle kwemali mboleko. Ngokuvamile osomabhizinisi bafaka lokhu kubhange, okuyinto, njengoba kuyaziwa, ngemali mboleko yabo idinga umvuzo wabo, ohlanganisa iphesenti yezimali ezitholiwe. Lezi yiziphesenti zobuciko. 395 CC futhi izobhekwa njengokulahlekelwa, okuyinto umboleki ongavikeleki obangela umkweletu ukuthi angafezi isibopho sakhe. Uma enika imali ngesikhathi nangesikhathi, lowo obolekayo ngeke adinga ukuxhumana nebhange. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kulahlekelwa kumele kuhlawulelwe ngumphulaphuli wesibopho semali.

Asikho isidingo sobufakazi

Uma siqhubeka ngokusho kwe-Art. I-395 ye-Civil Code, ebeka ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amandla ombolekisi ukuba ifune kumuntu obolekisa inzalo yakhe, lapho isibopho semali siphulwa, ummeli wezombusazwe akasenzi izibophezelo zalowo mbolekisi ukufakazela ukuthi empeleni wabangelwa ukulahleka. Ngamanye amazwi, lowo umbolekisi akudingeki aqinisekise nanoma yimiphi imibhalo ukuthi yenzani intshisekelo ebhange ngemva kokuphoqelelwa ukuba athole imali. Futhi ngokujwayelekile, akufanele aqinisekise ngisho neqiniso lokwamukelwa kwemali mboleko, okwakudingeka athathe ngenxa yokuphulwa kwemithwalo yemfanelo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lowo obolekisayo akakhokhiswa futhi ngokufakazela inani lemali engenayo yephulaphuli okungenzeka ukuthi uyithole ngokusebenzisa imali engekho emthethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lowo obolekayo unelungelo lokufuna isinxephezelo sokulahlekelwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umboleki usebenzise imali engeke isetshenziswe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthola inzuzo kubo, noma le mali ayisetshenziswanga nhlobo.

Inzalo yeBhange

Noma kunjalo, ukuze uthole ukulahlekelwa, umbolekisi usadingeka aveze okuthile. Lona yinani lesithakazelo sebhange esisebenza esifundeni sendawo yenhlangano eye inikeze imali esikweletini, noma esifundeni sokuhlala sikweletu-isakhamuzi. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola lobufakazi akuxhunyiwe nanoma yibuphi ubunzima, kungenzeka ukuthola isitifiketi senzalo yasebhange ngaphandle kwezinkinga kunoma iyiphi isikhungo sezezimali. Kusukela ekubukeni komthetho, leso sinqumo siqondakala kahle. Umbolekisi ongazange athole imali ngesikhathi, njengomthetho, unxusa egatsheni eliseduze lebhange ukuze athole isikweletu. Ngokuvamile, ibhange elinjalo selivele likhonza lo osomabhizinisi.

Umehluko emthethweni wangaphambilini

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubuciko obusha. I-395 ye-Civil Code ayibekeli isithakazelo esithile sokuthi isakhamuzi noma inhlangano ephule isibopho semali inesibopho sokukhokha kumbolekisi bayo. Uma kwi-Civil Code eyedlule inani lemali enjalo linqunywe, kodwa manje selibekwe isamba senzalo.

Isilinganiso seBhange

Inzalo yesithakazelo senzuzo yasebhange - kuyini? Umthetho wesifundazwe awuniki ngalolu ncazelo noma yikuphi ukucacisa, okukholelwa ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthi kusekelwe ekuqondeni okujwayelekile kokusebenza kwezimali okwenziwe ngayo inzuzo. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, kungenzeka ukuphetha ngokuthi lesi sihloko esibucayi sibonisa amanani asetshenziswe njengamanje ezimakethe zezimali. Ngamanye amazwi, lawa amanani asetshenziswa amabhange lapho enikeza imali kumakhasimende.

Uma kucatshangelwa ukuhlukahluka kwemakethe yezezimali, ngesikhathi sokunquma izinga elicatshangelwayo, izici ezithile kufanele zicatshangelwe ukuthi lesi sibopho siphulaphi. Enye yalezi zikhathi zokusetshenziswa kabi kwezimali, inani lesikweletu. Kulezo zimo lapho indawo yomklomelo ikhona izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zezezimali, nesithakazelo kuzo zonke zazo zihluka phakathi kwabo, izinga ngaphansi kobuciko. I-395 ye-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation isetshenziselwa isilinganiso, eshiwo ngamaphesenti waminyaka yonke.

Ukubalwa kwesithakazelo sebhange

I-Civil Code ichaza umthetho ojwayelekile lapho inani lemali elithintekayo libalwe ngosuku lapho isibopho semali sikhishwe khona. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi inzalo yasebhange ivulekele kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokushintshashintsha. Ngakho-ke, uma umboleki evumela ukubambezeleka isikhathi eside, kunengozi ukuthi umbolekisi ngeke athole isinxephezelo esanele sokulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukuphulwa kwesibopho semali. Kulesi simo, isishayamthetho sinikeza ithuba lobolekisi ukuba afake isitatimende sokufaka isicelo ngaphansi kwe-Art. 395 Ikhodi Yomthetho kanye nokufakwa kwamacala okukhokhelwa kwezimali ezilahlekile ezibhekele inzalo ebhange ekhona ngosuku lokufaka isicelo esinjalo. Kungenzeka futhi ukusekela isimangalo ngesithakazelo ngosuku lokukhishwa kwesenzo sokwahlulela. Kunoma yikuphi, ukukhetha indlela yokufaka izimangalo zabo kuhlala nomkweleta.

Ukunqunywa kwesithakazelo ngaphansi kwenkontileka

Isenzo esisemthethweni siphinde senze ukuthi inani lezintshisekelo ukuthi lowo obolekayo ukhokhele isibopho somboleki anganqunywa nje kuphela ngumthetho, kodwa futhi ngokuvumelana namaqembu. Mhlawumbe, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokucabangela ukuthambekela komthetho okubhekele ukukhululeka kwawo, isimo lapho lezi zephesenti zizobekwa ngokomthetho, kancane kancane zizoncishiswa kancane.

Ifomu lesivumelwano sokunquma lezi zephesenti lithola ukusetshenziswa okukhudlwana emisebenzini yezomnotho yabamele bhizinisi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ababolekisi bazama ukunciphisa izingozi zabo ngokulandelana kokungahlali kahle kokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwemakethe nokushintshashintsha kwayo njalo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, nakuba umthetho ungasunguli imingcele yemali engabonakaliswa esivumelwaneni samaqembu (inkontileka), lokhu akusho ukuthi abahlanganyeli ebuhlotsheni bomthetho babantu bangabanquma nganoma yisiphi isayizi. Ngakho, i-Civil Code ichaza imingcele ethile lapho amalungelo omphakathi angawasebenzisa khona. Imikhawulo enjalo, isibonelo, isungulwe uma amalungelo esetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuncintisana noma ukuxhashazwa kwenhlangano ngesimo esithile esiphezulu.

Zijayeza ezinkantolo

Umkhuba wokwahlulela wokubhekana nezingxabano zomphakathi kuze kube yimanje kanje. Ezimweni lapho amaqembu esivumelwaneni avumelanisiwe ngemigomo lapho umbolekisi ephula khona izibopho zomkweletu, inhlawulo ingase iqoqwe kuye ngaphansi kobuciko. I-395 ye-Civil Code yaseRussia Federation - inhlawulo, khona-ke ngeke isakwazi ukufuna ukubuyiselwa kwesithakazelo ekusetshenzisweni kabi kwemali yabanye abantu. Lesi sikhundla sezinkantolo zamacala okubambisana sichazwa ukuthi, ngokwemigomo ye-Civil Code, akunakwenzeka ukubeka izinyathelo ezimbili zomthwalo wemfanelo kumuntu obolekisa ngecala elilodwa.

Uma ukulahlekelwa kunkulu kunezinzalo

Kungenzeka ukuthi isimo esinjalo senzeke lapho ukwehluleka komkweleti ukufeza izibopho zakhe kumbolekisi kungamenza alahlekelwe lokho, okungeke kwenzeke ukuthi kutholakale ukuthola imali ekhishwe njengezinzalo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umbolekisi ukhokhiswa ngokufakazela leli qiniso, okungukuthi, kuzodingeka aqinisekise ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kuye kwavela ngesamba esikhulu kakhulu. Lapho izinkantolo zixazulula izingxabano ezinjalo, imithetho esebenzayo yomthetho iyasebenza, ehlobene nokuzibophezela kokungafezeki kwezibopho. Ngokuvamile, izimo ezinjalo azivamile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukushintsha kwezintshisekelo zebhange kubonakala ikakhulukazi izimo zezomnotho ezenzeka ezweni, futhi lokhu kungase kube yisisekelo sokufaka ezinye izimangalo ezivela kumbolekisi ukukhokhela ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe. Ngakho, indima yezici ezinjalo zingase zibe ukwehliswa kwemali ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwemali.

Isikhathi lapho isithakazelo siqala khona

Kuyaziwa ukuthi inzalo itholakala ngaphambi kosuku lokuhlala ngqo nomkweleti-mboleko. Ngokomthetho noma ngokuvumelana kwamaqembu, lesi sikhathi singancishiswa. Umzuzu lapho lezi zephesenti ziqala ukwanda, ummeli wezomthetho akaqinisekiswa ngokuqondile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kucatshangwa ukuthi ukubalwa ngaphansi kwe-Art. 395 CC izokwenziwa kusukela ngesikhathi sokuphulwa kwamalungelo ombolekisi ukuthola izimali zayo. Isibonelo, uma kungenkontileka phakathi komklomelo kanye nomboleki isikhathi sokudlulisela imali kumuntu wokuqala kuqala, inzalo iyokwenziwa ngosuku olulandelayo okuzenzakalelayo kwesibili. Futhi kulawo mazinga lapho kuvela khona isibopho nomboleki emva kokuthola isimangalo somkweletu, inzalo kufanele ifakwe kusukela ekupheleni kwesikhathi esabalwa ngokungeza kuze kube usuku lokulethwa kwesikhathi esijwayelekile esidingekayo sokugcwaliseka kwalesi simangalo ngumboleki.