Amaziko eziyisisekelo umphakathi. Yiziphi?

Basic tikhungo tetenhlalo emphakathini - busekelwe ezindinganisweni, izisusa nemigomo namasu amafilosofi zokuziphatha elawula ezimpilweni zansuku zonke abantu. Ngayinye yalezi izikhungo imisebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezithile: ukwakheka kanye nokuqaliswa imikhuba zokulawula, ie Modular Ikhodi umsebenzi emazingeni ngamunye nanjengeqembu; ukudalwa nokuthuthukiswa izindinganiso zokuziphatha, sichaza "abamnyama" isigaba kanye "amhlophe"; ukuhlonza ubuchwepheshe ukuze afinyelele imigomo ethile - ukuzala, ukuthola ingcebo, amandla, nokunye ..

Ngakho, izikhungo eziyisisekelo umphakathi nokubeka imigomo yentuthuko yayo, kanye indlela Yakha noma Amathrendi ukuyifinyelela ngayo. Ngakho, isikhungo ngasinye siqukethe tincenye nokubusa, ezenhlalo nasekuvezeni izithombo zaso ezintsha kwezomnotho.

Contemporary Sociology ihlukanisa izinhlangano eziningana ezifana jikelele: umndeni, impahla, isimo, amafilosofi (inkolo) nemfundo. Cabanga kubo ngalinye ngokuhlukile.

umndeni

Umndeni kuyisisekelo salokho namuhla esikubiza ngokuthi "the izikhungo eyisisekelo emphakathini." Lokhu kungenxa nje kuphela yokuthi umndeni noma ngababusi ezihlobene uyisibonelo koqobo uhlelo self-elawula nomphakathi. Iqiniso liwukuthi isibonelo igazi-nokuzwelana othayi tribal ezagcwaliseka wonke amanye izindlela zokuxhumana nabanye abantu: sabaphathi iqembu, exchange ukufanekisa ngezimpawu kanye namanye kwezomnotho, imfundo, ngezigaba kwangaphakathi, futhi, ekugcineni, ukubusa zezombusazwe. Namuhla, lo mkhaya - indlela ezimbili, begazi nezenhlalo, ukukhiqizwa kabusha. imfundo yamabanga aphansi, isimilo kokuhlaziywa lokumukelekako eyinhloko futhi ukuziphatha uhlale endaweni omphakathi - konke lezi zinkinga isixazululekile ezingeni ngomshado.

isimo

Isimo, njengoba isikhungo eziyisisekelo umphakathi, ngamakhasimende hhayi kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamalungu ayo, kodwa emithethweni, ezenhlalo, ezingokomoya ukuphepha kanye zanqwabelana izinsiza zezomnotho. Isimo yesimanje empeleni inikeza izindlela zokuzivikela ezimbili ezifana: bangasephula yangasese (emnothweni), futhi ukuphila, amalungelo esintu kanye nenkululeko - inhlalakahle ngabanye ngomqondo zezombusazwe, ibuye waqonda njengendlela yangasese.

impahla

Amaziko eyinhloko umphakathi njengenhlangano isimiso sezomnotho wazithatha sisusela ekuqondeni traditionalist izinto ezithile okuqondene umnikazi. Uma impahla lokuqala kwaba ngokuhlanganyela (noma ngaphezulu ngokunembile we indawo, futhi isikhala lapho lokufeza inqubo wokubutha nokuqoqela ezaziphila ngokufuya), ukuthi njengoba ukuvela sabaphathi alapho lo mkhuba ngezigaba kwezenhlalo, iba yangasese noma wabelane, igxile nokunonophala ngabanye. Ngesikhathi isakhiwo esifanayo, ngaphezu luyingxenye imisebenzi kwezomnotho, ngokucacile exhumene kusihlwa "umkhaya" isigaba, bevumela ifa ngqo basuke bengabangane bengcebo zanqwabelana.

inkolo

Inkolo ngasizathu simbe kubhekwe ukuba ingxenye yezwe engokomoya, nakuba empeleni khulula zifakwe ohlelweni, "le izikhungo eyisisekelo emphakathini." Ngemva ukubukwa ezingaqondakali generalized, empeleni, nemfundo, abe umsebenzi luyingxenye ngemibono - nencazelo futhi Ukulungisiswa imodeli evelele yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle.