Ingubo yezingalo zikaVladimir - uphawu olumlando wasendulo

I-Vladimir - idolobha elisenhliziyweni yeRussia yaseRussia - linokubaluleka okhethekile kobuRashiya. Iyingxenye yeNdonga Yegolide yaseRussia, iye yagcina izikhumbuzo eziningi zakhiwo zokwaseRussia zasendulo, izifakazi ezisekhathini eziyinkimbinkimbi nezishintshayo zezwe.
Isikhumbuzo sangempela sezomlando yisigqoko sezingalo zikaVladimir. Umsuka wayo cishe usudala njengomuzi ngokwawo.

Idolobha laseKlyazma

Izazi-mlando zivame ukuphikisa mayelana nosuku lokusekwa kwedolobha. Ngokusemthethweni, umsunguli wayo nguVladimir Monomakh, owathi ngo-1108 waqala ukwakha isakhiwo esinamandla sokuzivikela enqabeni ephakeme emagqumeni eMfula iKlyazma. Ezinye izazi-mlando ziphakamisa ukuthi uVladimir uthathwa njengomdala wekhulu lonke. Zisekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi emibhalweni, lapho ubhapathizo lukaRus luchazwa khona yiNdvuna Vladimir the Sainte, kuthiwa ngokusekwa kwedolobha ngesikhulu sabapristi ngo-990.

Ngokulandelayo, uVladimir wazizwa kakhulu - futhi ukukhuphukela enhloko-dolobha enkulu ngesikhathi sokubusa, nokubhujiswa okuphelele. Wayehloswe ukuba abe phakathi kwezingxabano zomphakathi, lapho amakhosi amaningi ahloniphekile abakhulu bonke baseRussia yasendulo balwela isihlalo sakhe sobukhosi. Idolobha lalingaphansi kuka- Yuri Dolgoruky, u-Andrei Bogolyubsky, i-Vsevolod le-Big Nest, uDmitry Donskoy, u-Alexander Nevsky. Kusukela esikhathini esidlule kukhona ingubo yezikhali zikaVladimir. Umlando wemvelaphi yezimpawu zomzimba eziboniswa kuwo, ubala amakhulu eminyaka.

Ibhubesi lengonyama

Ibhubesi, noma ikhanda lengonyama, liyisikhathi esitholakala kakhulu phakathi kokuhlobisa amatshe amhlophe amakhredithrals aseSuzdal, eVladimir nakwamanye amadolobha eNdiza yegolide. "Izilwane ze-Leopard", "izingwezi ezigijima" nezinye izinhlanzi zazidwetshwe emafresksi ehlotsheni lokuhlobisa esontweni. Izithombe ezifanayo zazisetshenziswa abalobi bezikhathi zasendulo ukudala izincwadi ezibhalwe ngezandla. Yiqiniso, isilwane sibeka, imininingwane ye-figure, izimfanelo ezithintekayo izilwane zomhlaba, zinzima kakhulu, futhi kunzima ukuletha ngqo ingubo yezingalo zesilwane saseVladimir kusuka emthonjeni othile.

Izazi-mlando azikaze zithole imvelaphi yangempela yalowo mbhubesi, oqukethe ingubo yezandla edolobheni laseVladimir, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi lesi silwane esinamandla sasikhona emasongweni angama-princely kanye namabhanantshi ase-Vladimir-Suzdal izikhulu ziqinisekiswa ngokuqiniseka ngabacwaningi abaningi. Ngakho, ingonyama egijima yayiyizingalo zomndeni weNkosana uSvyatoslav Rostislavovich, owabusa eVladimir ngekhulu le-13.

"I-Titular" yekhulu le-XVII

Entwasahlobo ka-1672, uZar Alexei Mikhailovich wanikezwa isipho esihle kakhulu. Inhloko ye- oda le- Posolsky, umfana u-Artamon Matveyev, wamnikeza incwadi enkulu yesandla, eyanikezwa izazi-mlando ngokuthi igama elithi "Titular's Titular". Kwakuyizinhlobo zezincwadi zokubhekisela, ezifanekiselwa ngokucacile nezithombe zababusi baseRussia nabangaphandle kanye namajaji abulawe ngobuciko bamazwe angaphandle, kanye namazwe ayeyingxenye yombuso waseRashiya.

Okuqukethwe "esiqongweni" kanye nengubo yezingalo zikaVladimir. Isithombe sakhe encwadini "yesiqondisi" sobukhosi - enye yeyokuqala, eduze nendabuko. Ingonyama enekhanda ekhanda layo, ihamba emilenzeni yayo yangemuva, ibambe isiphambano esinezinhlangothi ezine. Yiqiniso, ikhanda lakhe liphendukile, futhi uhamba ngakwesokudla.

Ukuguqulwa

Umqashi waseRussia uCatherine II wazama ukubuyisela ukuhleleka kukho konke, kufaka phakathi uhulumeni wesifundazwe. Ngomthetho wakhe, izimpawu zamadolobha amakhulu kunawo wonke umbuso wamukelwa. Isibonakaliso sikaVladimir ngo-1781 saba yisibonakaliso sokuqala somuzi. Ukuhlukunyezwa komlando okwedlule kwaphela kancane kancane.

Ama-Germanaldaldalists, abamenywe ngu-Alexander II ukuba alethe izimpawu zaseRussia ezindinganisweni zaseYurophu, zanikeza izingubo zezingubo ngamagqabha amaqabunga e-oak ne-Andrew's ribbon futhi eboshwe umqhele womkhosi, kodwa ingonyama emgqonyeni onesihlangu obomvu yahlala ingalingani, nakuba kuchazwe ngokuthi "ingwe yongwe".

Esikhathini sobuSoviet, izingalo zomuzi waseVladimir zazama ukulahla izimpawu zamasiko nezenkolo - ingonyama yalahlekelwa umqhele, futhi esikhundleni sesiphambano sesiliva bazama ukumnika abasebenzi.

Ukubukeka kwamanje

Ngentwasahlobo ka-1992, izinhlangano zomthetho zesifunda saseVladimir babuyisela ingubo yomlando kaVladimir. Incazelo yesibonakaliso somuzi manje izwakala efana nezikhathi zombuso: ensimini ebomvu - ibhubesi limi emilenzeni yalo yangemuva, ligqoke umqhele wensimbi, emgqeni walo ofanele - isiliva eside esivumelwaneni esinezinhlangothi ezine. Esinye isici esisemthethweni sedolobha lasendulo laseRussia - ifulege - lifana kakhulu nengubo yezingalo. Leli yindwangu ebomvu efana nomqhele "wengonyama" ingaphakathi.

Isikhathi sithathwa ngokushintsha izincazelo zezimpawu zasendulo. Namuhla, ingonyama ayibonakali njengokwenziwa komuntu amandla angenakuqhathaniswa namandla angenakuguqulwa kwamandla omhlaba. Ngesikhungo esidumile sezokuvakasha saseRashiya, esivakashelwe minyaka yonke ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabahambi abavela emhlabeni jikelele, lokhu akufanelekile. Isiphambano sesiliva asinakho okuqukethwe okwenkolo okwakusensukwini zakudala. Namuhla, kuyisikhumbuzo somgwaqo omude nobunzima odabula idolobha lasendulo laseRussia.