Klyazma (emfuleni). Klyazma River, uVladimir esifundeni

Klyazma - umfula, elise-Russia, eYurophu eyayiyingxenye yezwe. Kugeleza insimu ka Nizhny Novgorod, Ivanovo, uVladimir futhi eMoscow izifunda. Kuyinto owumthelela kwesokunxele Oka. Lesi sihloko Bayokhuluma emfuleni ekhazimulayo.

Izici Key

Klyazma - umfula, nge ubude 686 amakhilomitha, endaweni umcengezi - 42,5 amakhilomitha. Isilinganiso ukusetshenziswa wonyaka we amanzi - 139-147 m ³ / s (185 km kusuka umlomo, emzini Kovrov eduze). Umfula ikakhulukazi iqhwa. Klyazma zilimaze ngoNovemba, engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli ivulekile. On emfuleni kukhona emadolobheni amaningi Shchyolkovo, Dolgoprudny, Korolev, Noginsk, Losino-Petrovsky, Pavlovsky Posad, Gorokhovets, Vyazniki, Kovrov, uVladimir, Sobinka, Orekhovo-. Shore Klyazma ithatha cishe ku-1.7 million abantu. Emkhakheni umcengezi emfuleni inabantu abangaphezu kuka 3.3 million.

incazelo kwendawo

Ngaphakathi eMoscow upland kuvela emfuleni Klyazma. Ibalazwe ikhombisa ukuthi umthombo wawo ngasedolobheni Solnechnogorsk. Umfula ke ugelezela ohlangothini southeasterly eMoscow (idolobha esifundeni Khimki). endleleni yakhe iyaqhubeka ngasemngceleni Molzhaninovsky wesifunda yenhloko-dolobha, eduze nedolobhana Cherkizovo uphendulela empumalanga. emfuleni sifinyelela engenhla esigodini esiphakeme kuyinto ngempela emincane. Ngo Klyazma ububanzi 12 metres. River kugeleza Pirogovskoe futhi Klyazminskoe kwesigubhu lapho ixubene iVolga. ukugeleza Ezansi kulawulwa, ububanzi eduze kwepulatifomu ujantshi "Klyazma" - 20 amamitha. Ukusakaza amanzi sidlula elisezansi Meshchersky, okwamanje ebhange esifanele ephansi kakhulu kunalokho ngakwesobunxele. Klyazma - River ejulile futhi ebanzi. Ngo Noginsk amabhange kwakhona at ibanga kwamamitha 50 kusuka komunye nomunye, uVladimir - 130 metres. Ngokwengxenye ububanzi kwamamitha angu-200. Ukujula incane, inani lemali - 8 mitha, ngokuvamile - 1-2 amamitha. Ezansi le Klyazma ubumba, ikakhulukazi anesihlabathi. Kwezinye izindawo emfuleni besika limestone kwezakhi.

ziyamaniswa nokungangeni

Klyazma - emfuleni nemingenela eminingi. Abaningi babo yasendulo amagama Finno-Ugric milambo ezijulile. Nemingenela aphume ashone Suvorosch (14 km), LUH (68 km), umthombo (79 km), Iphakheji (110.7 km), Msterka (111 km), Tesa (135 km), Shizhegda (151 km), Nerehta (190 km ) Sudogda (244 km), Nerl (269 km), Rpen (285 km), Koloksha (326 km), Shalovka (329 km), Vorsha (336 km), Golf (378 km), Peksha (396 km) birch (416 km), plate (445 km), Kirzhach (459 km), Dubna (466 km), Vyrka (476 km), Drezna (481 km), Vohonka (502 km), aminyene (514 km), sherna komfula ( 516 km), Zagrebka (524 km), Chernogolovka (526 km), Lavrovka (526 km), Shalovka (540 km), Vorya (551 km), efundisa (577 km), Alba (640 km), Radomlje (665 km ) Chernavka (671).

wemizi yasendulo

River Klyazma, izithombe okuyinto ekhishwa kulesi sihloko, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo laliyindawo zokuhlala lwezizwe ngezizwe. Imivubukulo ibonisa ukuthi amabhange kwalo abantu Paleolithic (Sungir), Neolithic ophilayo (endaweni yokupaka eduze nedolobhana Eoginskom Bunkova), Mesolithic (Pavlovsky Posad wesifunda, eduze nedolobhana Saurova). Kamuva izizwe Klyazma Meria wahlala Muroma, Meshchera. Olimini kulezi zizwe yasendulo egama layo lingu nemingenela eminingi. Found osebeni futhi owokuqala kulesi sifunda Slavic yokungcwaba izindunduma.

ukusetshenziswa

Klyazma - umfula, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ukuthuthukiswa yonke ingxenye esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yeRussia kusukela ngekhulu le-12, kusukela enkathini we uVladimir-Suzdal ubukhulu. Ngalezo zinsuku emfuleni kanye ubude bayo yonke kwaba imikhumbi. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba Slavic isiphetho Umzila wezohwebo Klyazma - gangway - eMoscow enikeziwe ekuthuthukisweni komnotho esifundeni. Njengoba sekunama-zimboni ekhulwini le-17 emfuleni kwakukhona iqoqo Ceramic, zendwangu futhi umkhakha iphepha, wezandla kuqala, bese ifektri futhi endaweni yokukhanda.

Ekhulwini lama-20, ngo-1937, yaqedwa ukwakhiwa umsele kubo. NaseMoscow, sifinyelela ongenhla emfuleni ivinjiwe Pirogov edamini futhi kwakhiwa Klyazma. Amanzi ukugeleza ngokusebenzisa edamini baba elawulwayo waqala ukudla imifula iVolga kanye enyakatho ingxenye esifundeni eMoscow. Ngo-1941, i-Klyazma saqala ukwakha izitshalo ezimbili Hydropower, kodwa ukwakhiwa kwayo sanqamuka nge ekuqaleni kwempi. Ekhulwini elidlule, 70s, uhanjiswe ukuze kuhlolwe wokwakha emaphethelweni esempumalanga umsele umkhumbi dolobha.

Njengamanje, umfula e sifinyelela yayo eziphakathi nendawo yamanzi inikeza ukukhiqizwa ahlukahlukene nabakhileyo kukhona nezindawo eziningi. Klyazma kuyinto imikhumbi ibanga amakhilomitha 267 emlonyeni wayo ukuze edolobheni laseVladimir, it is esetshenziswa ukuthutha izikebhe wezimpahla. Ngokwesilinganiso phakathi lokuthumela Stony elinganiselwe ingxenye phansi kanye of phakathi Mstera futhi umata ukujula ezincane. Esisogwini port wezimpahla komfula (Vyazniki) futhi kukhona igceke lemikhumbi ezindala e Gorokhovets.

izakhiwo wokubacindezela

On emfuleni Klyazma ugcwele izakhiwo wokubacindezela. Esakhe amadamu angu eziningana: e Solnechnogorsk wesifunda (isigodi Lunev), edolobhaneni Pirogov, emzini Korolev, Tarasovka ngomzana, Obukhov nemizana of Sverdlovsk, eduze emzini Shchelkovo (isigodi Amerova). ingxoxo Hlukanisa ufanelwe edamini aphathekako Noginsk. ukuphakama Its 2.5 amamitha. Inama a Spillway ogwini akhiwe phakathi emifuleni eziyisithupha adjustable.

On Klyazma eziningana kwamanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle izinhlelo: Nut-Zuevskaya, Pavlovsky Posad, Noginsk, Obukhov, Shchelkovskaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esifundeni Moscow ingaphansi observation njalo linezingxenye kwamanzi Environmental Monitoring Sikhungo Sekukhangisa ekhatsi Moscow imvelo kanye meteorology. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu Hydro-chemical iphuzu: Pavlovsky Posad, Schelkovo futhi Orekhovo-.

ukudoba

Indawo enkulu abathandi ukudoba imele emfuleni Klyazma. Ukudoba lezi zindawo mkhulu. Amanzi atholakala cishe bonke abamele nezilwane ezihlukahlukene emfuleni ngumgogodla lizwe. nice kakhulu Imiphumela isikhathi - entwasahlobo. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke emfuleni kusukela kwesigubhu uqale izikole ngomkhumbi zezinhlanzi. Spring oficwa yilokho wiring ide, Pike futhi perch ubanjwe on nokuwashwa bream futhi roach - ku iflothi ngenela futhi zakidushka. Ehlobo kungenzeka ukubamba chub, carp, bream, carp crucian, tench. Phakathi Driftwood phansi ebanjwe burbot. I ezingavamile kakhulu futhi eziwusizo nokukhiqiza-Klyazma - Sturgeon.

"Ukhamba"

UVladimir ibalazwe esifundeni ibonisa ukuthi Klyazma kugeleza insimu yalo ikakhulu emasimini, ngezinye izikhathi kuphela esendleleni kukhona aminyene. Umhlabathi loMfula endaweni siqukethe isihlabathi nobumba. Abaningi phezu aphakeme emaweni futhi umfula isihlabathi esephimisela, Klyazma uthanda umoya pan izindawo ezihlukahlukene ezithakazelisayo. "Ukhamba" - iyisici ukwazi ukuthi kwenzeka uma umfula ngokuzumayo uphendulela 180 degrees bese uqala ukugelezela sengathi kolunye uhlangothi. Emabanga phakathi iziteshi lomfula efanayo ongafinyelela amakhilomitha. Khona-ke, izindikimba ezimbili kancane kancane axhumene futhi yakha isiqhingi ebabazekayo. Lena isithombe esihle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zindawo abacebile kakhulu izinhlanzi ezihlukahlukene. Ekuqaleni bahlala ASP, khona-ke thatha indawo perches futhi Pike. Khona-ke phakathi namytyh isihlabathi esephimisela nge snags olunothile iqala ukuba bawe eyikati kanye umbokwane. Ngo amanzi nge ahlanzekile, hhayi yene nezimila phansi livela cishe zonke izinhlanzi: .. perch, roach, chub, garters, bream, njll Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, "ukhamba" igcwele utshani, ixhaphozi kakhulu, kodwa kufanele uye iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Eminyakeni yokuqala khona, indawo efana - ipharadesi elingokoqobo abathandi yokudoba.

ukuzilibazisa yekwentiwa

Klyazma River (Vladimir esifundeni) - nendawo enkulu ukuze kokuhlala ezimnandi emaphandleni. Ngenxa wamanje oqinile lapha kungenziwa elixutshiwe ku kayak. Isikhathi sokuba imisebenzi efana ongaphandle iqala ngo-May iphela ngo-September. Woza ku Klyazma kungenzeka futhi nje ukujabulela emabhishi ayo amahle, yene nemihlanga neminyezane, umhlanga cattails, alisma, ihlathi geranium, ngokulandelana ezinyunyana nezinye zasemazweni. River amanzi lihlotshiswe hornwort, waterweed Canadian, Potbelly, iminduze amanzi, duckweed futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene pondweed.

ebhishi ngamaholidi

Phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo, ungaya uphumule ebhishi. On emfuleni Klyazma ka Lithatha inombolo enkulu. amabhishi kaMasipala ayahlanzwa njalo, odokotela emsebenzini kanti inkonzo wokutakula usebenza. On emikhawulweni, okuqondene abanye ekhaya iholidi, isibonelo, egibela endlini "Klyazma" ku kwesigubhu esifanayo, usebenza catamarans sokuqasha, izikebhe, jet eqhweni nezikebhe. Kukhona ilanga loungers kanye baphathe nezambulela, amathilomu kanye nemigoqo. Ukunikezwa emfuleni uhambo kufika imikhumbi ahlotshiswe in isitayela frigates ubudala nezinye izimoto engavamile. Isimo kwemvelo bamanzi cool we Klyazma eduze iso Ochwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, ukubhukuda umfula akuyona kuphela emnandi, kodwa futhi iphephile.