Amarekhodi Umhlaba Athletics. Amarekhodi endala umhlaba kwezemidlalo

Qondisa British Athletic Federation esebeké phambili umqondo kabusha irekhodi emhlabeni athletics. Lena ngenxa inani elikhulu futhi yemakhono doping Amahlazo 2015. Lo mkhankaso ithole ukuqonda noMongameli we-International Association of Athletics netiNhlangano (IAAF), uSebastian Coe.

Wasikisela uqede "ezisolisayo" Imiphumela ephezulu kungafinyelelwa nge ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni. amarekhodi anjalo futhi manje kubonakala lungafinyeleleki.

indaba

I abadlali professional bavela okokuqala maphakathi nekhulu XIX eNgilandi. Khona-ke okokuqala kwaqala yokubhaliswa imiphumela ephezulu izinhlobo ezahlukene athletics. Amarekhodi lokuqala Umhlaba Athletics alotshwa run 1 imayela. Nge inhlangano ngo-1914, i-international emizimbeni ebusayo, i-IAAF, imithetho sokubhalisa impumelelo okusezingeni eliphezulu nohlu eyala zenzelwe, lapho zalotshwa.

Kancane kancane kwaba izindlela ezilungisiwe sokulinganisa Imiphumela nemibandela mncintiswano nenani rekhodi hhayi ngemibuzo. Ngo-1968, e Mexico City, e-Olympic Games in eyala ezweni lonke-ke kwase kuqala asetshenziswa ngangokunokwenzeka uhlelo ezenzakalelayo for ukulinganisa isikhathi. Umphumela sabhalwa kuya wokuhamba eliseduze of a yesibili. Amarekhodi Umhlaba Athletics e uphonsa bese uziphonsa emanzini waqala ibhaliswe usebenzisa lamadolobha esimanjemanje kakhulu sokulinganisa zomculo kanye izinhlaba.

Imithetho eyisisekelo kuciniswa amarekhodi emhlabeni

Ukuze abasubathi ku-nokuwumisa alinganayo, sibone isidingo ukurekhoda kokugubha langempela imithetho eqinile esabekwa IAAF. Ngakho, luthi alufane ka treadmills, imishini kokuphothula, isakhiwo - konke kumele nezindinganiso sivunyiwe. Amarekhodi Umhlaba kungukuthi fixed - abathole imiphumela ephezulu athletics - mncintiswano, lapho abadlali abanayo ngobulili ezahlukene, noma uma edluliselwe ithimba egijima abasubathi bezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Lapho uqhuba sprints 200 m kanye ovundlile umoya Ukudlula kuzuba kumele singeqi 2 m / s. Ngoba wonke-round mncintiswano avunyelwe ipheshulwa kuze 4 m / s.

Isimo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuze ukubhaliswa yimpumelelo, okumele kwenzeke nezinhlaka zamazwe ezemidlalo uloba IAAF World, ukugcwaliseka izinyathelo elawula ukuze doping control. Yikuphi ukwephula imithetho ukulethwa amasampula nokwenza ucwaningo lwabo wenza impumelelo eliphakeme engumlanjwana. Kuyinto emhlabeni lezi zinkinga ilingise ukungabaza ikakhulukazi iphethini engajwayelekile impumelelo emhlabeni.

Okunhlobonhlobo impumelelo emhlabeni

Ohlonishwa kakhulu emhlabeni ithrekhi futhi ensimini ezibhekwa amarekhodi esabekwa abesifazane futhi amadoda e-Olympic athletics imincintiswano labetibambile ngaphandle. Ngemva Olympics, lo mncintiswano yesibili ebaluleke kakhulu abasubathi - ehlobo World Cup. Amarekhodi Okwezwe Athletics Championships - isifezo esinodumo yimuphi umgijimi noma thrower zonke-Rounder. Winter Championships labetibambile kwezemidlalo Arenas ngaphansi kophahla, has ngokucacile ayo futhi itafula yezimpumelelo eliphakeme.

Noma yimuphi umncintiswano abasubathi abalulekile has umlando walo, ngakho-ke, itafula yayo izimpumelelo. Amarekhodi Yama-Olympic, Championships Continental, kekulu esiteji yabasubathi Grand Prix - isisusa sibalulekile iyiphi umsubathi. Okukhulu zemidlalo futhi irekhodi lakhe imiphumela engcono, okungase avuselelwe.

Amarekhodi emazingeni ahlukene

Emlandweni umdlalo eziningi izinkanyezi, ibonisa imiphumela irekhodi emazingeni ahlukahlukeneko wendlela umsebenzi wakhe wezemidlalo. Ithebula, okuyinto langena amarekhodi emhlabeni kwezemidlalo phakathi Juniors unayo uhlu lwamagama alabo abangathanda Wabe esecela imiphumela engcono kakhulu lapho usukhulile. I umsubathi esheshayo le planethi, Usain Bolt ophethe irekhodi lomhlaba ngamamitha labesifazane 200 junior - 19,93 nomuntu omdala - 19,19 imizuzwana.

Ngemva kokuphela nge-career kwezemidlalo professional umsubathi kweqiniso akagcini ukuqeqeshwa esebenzayo. Imincintiswano phakathi Veterans kunomthelela ukuthandwa ezemidlalo kanye namarekhodi kwezemidlalo phakathi Veterans zomhlaba - isisusa esikhulu, hhayi ukunciphisa umsebenzi yokuncintisana lapho usukhulile. Abasubathi ukuncintisana bakhe emabhola emacenjini abo yobudala futhi zivame aphule amarekhodi, ukuboniswa nobudala obufanayo.

Ngenela kulenyakankulungwane ezayo

Professionals babuzwe mayelana kangaki kuzobuyekezwa futhi kuze kube kuliphi izinga lungenzeka imiphumela ephezulu ezimpikweni ezahlukene zemidlalo. Izindaba babe amarekhodi, kwabonakala obungantengantengi, kodwa kwanyatheliswa abasubathi we izizukulwane ezizayo. Esinye sezibonelo kunazo yesiteleka - ukuzuzwa jumper eside Bob Beamon.

Ekupheleni kwe-Olympic Games in Mexico City, wahluleka gxuma 8,90 m. Irekhodi odlule emhlabeni weqiwe ngumuntu kumnandi 55 cm. Ngosuku lokugcina drizzling imvula, umoya wawuphambene ku uhla evamile. Bathi usalelwe, njengazo zonke abasubathi, wasiza emoyeni rarefied sezintaba eziphakeme. AbaHluleli isikhathi eside ayikwazanga ukukala ngokunembile "indiza" Beamon, futhi lapho kwakukhona irekhodi izinombolo, akekho babengakwazi bakholelwa ubuqiniso yabo. Leli rekhodi sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi okuphakade, kodwa kwathatha iminyaka 23 futhi American jumper Mayk Pauell kudlulwe ngaleso 1991 World Championships e-Tokyo ku 5 cm. Ukuphumelelisa izinsalela Beamon-Olympic irekhodi.

Irekhodi endala

Uma sekunqunyiwe ukuba kabusha ithebula amarekhodi emhlabeni ukuwa nokufeza, okungenzeka uyogcwala kwamashumi amahlanu. Amarekhodi endala umhlaba e ithrekhi futhi ensimini ukubonisiwe ngesikhathi lapho ukusetshenziswa evuselela akuyona ngaphansi ezifana enqabelo nesihluku, ngendlela ongayo namuhla. Ngakho-ke, abaningi wazwakalisa ngokungemthetho yobukhona babo phezu uhlu impumelelo okusezingeni eliphezulu, nakuba bengathweswa kuboniswe "inkosi ngosuku" abasubathi abake baya phezulu indlela ziningi futhi zaba nzima.

Julayi 26, 1983 umgijimi Czechoslovakian Jarmila Kratochvílová wagijima 2 emathangeni emhlabeni nkundla - 800 m - 1 iminithi 53.28 isekhondi. WayesenguFakazi nomsubathi abanolwazi futhi ukusebenzisa on amabanga isilinganiso ebandakanyeke Sprint. yi kwalo kubonakala okungenangqondo ukulindela ukuba abagijimi lanamuhla.

Irekhodi endala umhlaba ezihlobene engaphakathi Uhlelo athletics, irekhodi e shot ukubeka zasendlini kuboniswe umsubathi eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia kakhulu, Helena Fibingerovoy. Februwari 19, 1977, yena wathumela projectile at 20 m 50 cm. Waba yini umphumela kangcono enkundleni evulekile ubuye ikhehla, ungaphansi kweminyaka eyi-9 kuphela ubudala futhi ezingaphezu kuka-13 cm. It kungokwalabo umsubathi Soviet Natalia Lisovskaya.

ezemidlalo elite

irekhodi Umhlaba - liyireferensi iphuzu bonke abahilelekile kulokhu kwezemidlalo ezingeni eliphezulu hhayi kuphela. Ezweni lanamuhla, lapho umdlalo - ithuthukiswe nokuzijabulisa mass umkhakha, futhi kubalulekile isisusa zezimali. Amabhonasi kanye nezinzuzo, okuyizinto emhlabeni irekhodi-abasubathi uzwakalise yamadijithi amqoka. Akusiyo ingozi e gxuma eliphezulu nge lesithupha - kwindlela ukuphakama Imininingwane sabelwe nomsubathi kanye umqeqeshi - inani elikhulu imizamo yimpumelelo ukusungula irekhodi elisha emhlabeni. I edume Sergei Bubka - nombhali 35 amarekhodi zomhlaba, noYelena Isinbayeva ephakanyiswe ibha kulirekhodi okusezingeni eliphezulu izikhathi 28.