Amagagasi Mechanical: umthombo, property ifomula

Cabanga ngalokho okungenziwa wave mechanical, kungenziwa ngokuphonsa itshe emanzini. Imibuthano ezivukayo therein futhi kushintshana emikhombeni kanye crests - yisibonelo namagagasi lokukhanda. Kuyini yobuntu bazo? amagagasi Mechanical - inqubo ye oscillation esiphelweni kwabezindaba nokunwebeka.

amagagasi capillary

amagagasi anjalo mechanical khona ngenxa umphumela emandleni kuyizinhlayiyana nokuxhumana aphakathi okusamanzi namandla adonsela phansi. Abantu Sekuyisikhathi eside abahlola lesi simo. enhle kakhulu kukhona kolwandle futhi amagagasi. Njengoba kwanda emoyeni ngesivinini, bayashintsha, futhi ukuphakama yabo kwandisa. Liphinde yinkimbinkimbi futhi ukuma namagagasi ngokwabo. Olwandle, bangakwazi sewenziwa okwesabisayo. Esinye sezibonelo ezisobala kakhulu kukhona amandla tsunami esusa konke endleleni yayo.

Amandla zolwandle amagagasi

Ukufinyelela amagagasi ogwini olwandle ushintsho elibukhali ukwanda ukujula. Ngezinye izikhathi bayaba zifinyelela ubude obungamamitha elingamamitha ambalwa. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, amandla kinetic of mass omkhulu amanzi uthunyelwa izithiyo somhlaba ukuthi ushukunyiswa yiwo ngokushesha wabhubhisa. ngezinye izikhathi Amandla surf ifinyelela amagugu ezinkulu.

amagagasi nokunwebeka

Ngo Mechanics cwaningo hhayi iyehla iyenyuka kuphela ebusweni ewuketshezi, kodwa futhi okuthiwa amagagasi nokunwebeka. Lokhu nasiphazamiso, okuyinto basakazwa abezindaba ehlukene ngaphansi isenzo amabutho nokunwebeka kuzo. a perturbation okunjalo yiliphi ukuphambuka we izinhlayiya medium kusukela isikhundla zilingana. Isibonelo esihle amagagasi nokunwebeka kuyinto intambo eside noma tube zenjoloba enamathiselwe komunye umkhawulo kuya lutho. Uma kuwukuthi iqine, bese ukunyakaza abukhali ohlangothini ukudala yesibili (non-okunamathelayo) ukuqeda intukuthelo yayo, sikubona wonke "idabula" ubude intambo ukusekelwa abese ebuyela emuva.

Umthombo amagagasi mechanical

ukuphazamiseka Primary simenza imvelo wave. Sibangelwa isenzo nomzimba angaphandle, okuyinto physics libizwa umthombo amagagasi. Kungenzeka isandla womuntu, zize zithonye intambo noma itshe iphonswe amanzi. Esimweni lapho umthombo has isenzo esikhathi esifushane, in the medium ngokuvamile igagasi elilodwa. Lapho "ophazamisa" ukwenza ezinyakazayo oscillatory eside, amagagasi eqala ukuvela ngemva kwenye.

Imigomo amagagasi mechanical

Ekushintshashintsheni lolu hlobo kungukuthi njalo kwakhiwa. Imfuneko nokuhlanzeka kwangaphandle nokuziphatha kwabo Akukhona ukubukeka ngesikhathi perturbation naphakathi ebezingathuntubeza kuye amandla, e kuyaqina ethile. Bazama ukuletha ndawonye izinhlayiya angomakhelwane lapho zihlukaniswa, futhi bangathandi ukuba nomunye ngesikhathi convergence. amandla nokunwebeka ayisukumele izinhlayiya bathinteka umthombo nasiphazamiso, kodwa baqala uyaziveza aphume ukulinganisela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wonke izingcezu abezindaba zinengxenye isiphakamiso oscillatory. Lokusakaza kunyakaza enjalo futhi kwakuza igagasi.

amagagasi Mechanical e i osebenzelana nokunwebeka

Esikhathini igagasi nokunwebeka, kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili ezinyakazayo ngesikhathi esifanayo: oscillations izinhlayiya kanye nokusakazwa perturbation. It ngokuthi longitudinal wave mechanical, okuyinto izinhlayiya dlidliza eduze isiqondiso esiphelweni salo. Ngokuthi wave transverse, izinhlayiya naphakathi okuyinto ziyahlukahluka ngaphesheya kwawo esiphelweni.

I izakhiwo amagagasi mechanical

Perturbations wave longitudinal kuyinto rarefaction futhi kokucindezelwa, futhi transverse - amashifu (displacements) kwezinye izingqimba isihlobo medium omunye. uhlobo compressive kuhambisana amabutho nokunwebeka. Ngalesi uhlobo phuca elihlobene ne ukubonakala amabutho nokunwebeka ngokukhethekile ukudla okuqinile. I gaseous ne liquid abezindaba shift ungqimba yalezi abezindaba akuyona ephelezelwa okuvela kuyo wathi amandla. Ngenxa impahla yayo, amagagasi longitudinal kungaba asakaze noma ngayiphi abezindaba, futhi isiphambano - kukhethekele okuqinile.

Properties of amagagasi amanzi

Amagagasi phezu ketshezi hhayi longitudinal noma transverse. Ziyakwazi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, okubizwa ngokuthi uhlamvu longitudinal futhi transverse. Kulokhu, izinhlayiya uketshezi ukuhambisa circumferentially noma lesiyingi side. I motion isiyingi izinhlayiya ngaphezulu woketshezi, ikakhulukazi lapho kunyakaza ezinkulu ahambisana ezinyakazayo zabo kancane kodwa okuqhubekayo kanye isiqondiso wave esiphelweni. Kuyinto lezi izakhiwo amagagasi mechanical amanzi kubangela ukubukeka loMfula kwasolwandle ahlukahlukene.

Imvamisa amagagasi mechanical

Uma medium nokunwebeka (ewuketshezi, okuqinile, gaseous) ukuqalisa oscillation yayo izinhlayiya, ngenxa ukuxhumana phakathi kwawo, kuyoba asakaze ne velocity u. Ngakho, uma othile osebenzelana gaseous noma uketshezi kuyoba emzimbeni oscillating, iqala ukuhamba adluliselwa wonke kuyizinhlayiyana eduze. Bayobe ehilelekile inqubo elandelayo nokunye. Kuleli qophelo konke naphakathi ngeke oscillate imvamisa alinganayo elilingana ukuvama umzimba oscillating. Kuyinto ukuvama igagasi. Ngamanye amazwi, lesi silinganiso lingachazwa ngokuthi i oscillation imvamisa amaphuzu endaweni lapho igagasi Ukhuthaza.

Ngokushesha kungase kungabi sobala ukuthi le nqubo kwenzeka. Nge amagagasi mechanical ezihambisana oscillatory ezinyakazayo yokudlulisa amandla emthonjeni layo azungeze i-medium. Phakathi ezingavela okuthiwa gqwa ukusonteka wave bawuthwala kwelinye iphuzu eya kwelinye. Ngokwenza kanjalo, izinhlayiya medium musa ukuthutha kanye wave. Isukela eduze yakhoibrium yayo isikhundla. Yingakho ukusatshalaliswa namagagasi mechanical kungukuthi ephelezelwa ukudluliselwa impahla kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Esikhathini amagagasi mechanical amaza ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, bayahlukaniswa babe amabutho futhi wadala esikalini esikhethekile. Imvamisa ulinganiswa hertz (Hz).

ifomula eyisisekelo

wave Mechanical, ukubala ifomula okuyinto ulula, uyinto ezithakazelisayo zokutadisha. I velocity wave (υ) - kuyinto ngesivinini ukuzanyazanyiswa phambi bayo (Locus wonke amaphuzu lapho oscillation ifinyelele imvelo okwamanje):

υ = √G / ρ,

lapho ρ - kwabantu naphakathi, G - wemfihlo.

Lapho kubalwa isivinini akumelanga siphanjaniswe amagagasi mechanical konemimoya nge ijubane lokuya izinhlayiya naphakathi abathintekayo inqubo wave. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, igagasi umsindo Ukhuthaza ngokusebenzisa emoyeni ngesilinganiso isivinini iyehla iyenyuka zishintshe kwayo 10 m / s, kuyilapho acoustic wave Isivinini ezimweni ezivamile, kuyinto 330 m / s.

Wavefront kungaba ezinhlobo ezahlukene, elula okuyizinto:

• eyisiyingi - kubangelwa ekushintshashintsheni medium gaseous noma uketshezi. I liyancipha wave amplitude nge okwandisa ibanga kusuka umthombo inhlukanozigaba esikweleni yebanga.

Flat • - simele indiza okuyinto perpendicular isiqondiso wave esiphelweni. Kwenzeka, isibonelo, in a avaliwe piston isilinda lapho oscillates yokugcina. Igagasi indiza libhekene amplitude cishe njalo. ukwehla kwalo kancane nge ibanga kusuka umthombo ukuphazamiseka lihlotshaniswa degree of viscosity medium liquid noma gaseous.

wavelength

Ngaphansi wavelength bona ibanga ukuthi phambi kwalo bathuthele kule ndawo isikhathi okuyinto ilingana kwenkathi oscillation izinhlayiya naphakathi:

λ = υT = υ / v = 2πυ / ω,

lapho T - oscillation sikhathi, υ - wave velocity, ω - imvamisa eyindilinga, ν - imvamisa oscillations ka amachashazi ophansi.

Kusukela Isivinini Lokusakaza wave awayindwayo bathembele ngokuphelele ezintweni property medium, ubude bayo λ ngesikhathi Ukuqeda esisodwa naphakathi kwenye washintsha. Kulokhu, lo oscillation imvamisa ν uhlala njalo okufanayo. Mechanical futhi amagagasi kagesi zifana ekusakazeni leli pheshana yabo Kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokudlulisa amandla, kodwa ayikho ukudluliselwa ndaba.