Archimedes - sezibalo ngesiGreki, wababaza: "Eureka"

Archimedes - a sezibalo ngesiGreki, wababaza: "Eureka." Ungomunye kakhulu ososayensi adumile kusukela endulo. imisebenzi yocwaningo Archimedes ingawuthinti kuphela wezibalo, njengoba abantu abaningi becabanga. Usosayensi wazibonakalisa emkhakheni physics kanye astronomy, ngisho Mechanics. He qamba izinto eziye zasetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene izinto ezenziwa abantu, elivela kwezolimo ukuze ezindabeni zezempi. Ezinye izitho akhiwa Archimedes ziyisisekelo eziningi kumadivayisi lanamuhla. Ngokwesibonelo, "Archimedes Intulo" isetshenziswa labathaki bamafutha eziphathekako inyama grinders. Lokhu usosayensi yamaGreki asendulo wayengomunye walaba izibalo yisakhiwo sodumo isiko zomhlaba kanye nomlando.

Umlando womuntu ophilako kancane

Archimedes, sezibalo lwesiGreki sakuqala, wababaza: "Eureka", wazalwa ngo-287 BC eSirakhuse. Uyise lo muntu Phidias - sezinkanyezi nesazi sezibalo. Kwaba uPapa kusukela ebuntwaneni zakuqala wagxilisa nenzalo yabo uthando isayensi, ikakhulukazi ngezinkanyezi, izibalo kanye Mechanics.

EGibhithe, Alexandria, sezibalo ngesiGreki, wababaza: "Eureka", wahlangana ososayensi abaziwayo ngalezo zinsuku: Conon futhi Eratosthenes. Kamuva, ngaphambi kokuphila kwakhe Archimedes kwakuhambisana lezi zidalwa. physics ngesiGreki wahlala sokuthuthwa kwempahla Library of Alexandria. Kwaba yesandla engaphezu kuka-700 eziyinkulungwane. Ngokusobala, lokhu lapho Archimedes wafunda imisebenzi Democritus futhi Eudoxus, kanye nezinye geometry aziwayo yaseGrisi yasendulo.

Kodwa e Alexandria, usosayensi ayihlalanga isikhathi eside. Ngokushesha wabuyela Sicily. Ngo Syracuse, anakho, ukunakekela umuntu, nomthombo wokusekela ngokwezimali. Njengo-Archimedes wahlala isikhathi eside, iningi amaqiniso yomlando wakhe eduze zithandelana tinganekwane kokuqagela izikhathi, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi yini kwakuyiqiniso nento engabalulekile. Usosayensi WaseGrisi wasendulo kwaba consummate umhlaziyi umakhenikha futhi nongoti, kodwa wezibalo kwakungumsebenzi wakhe wokuphila.

Isisho abadumile usosayensi

Bonke abantu bazi ukuthi sezibalo yamaGreki asendulo wababaza "Eureka", kodwa hhayi kakhulu owaziwa kwabaningi, kwakwenzenjani iphutha. Okumangalisayo okusungulile usosayensi yimbangela ezinganekwaneni okuyinto athuthukiswe phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Ngakho, kukhona indaba ethandwa kanjani Archimedes wakwazi ukuba sithole ukuthi Hiero yinkosi umqhele owenziwe ngokuphelele igolide noma abasebenze ngamagugu ayo ekudalweni ngephutha izinto eziyigugu nakho esiliva.

Imi yodwa isisindo igolide wayaziwa, kodwa kunzima umbuzo wawubheke milligram eliseduze anqume inani isithuthukisi, kusukela umqhele yahlanganiswa ngendlela engavamile. Archimedes akakwazanga ukuxazulula le nkinga. Ngesinye isikhathi, lapho ngokuluhlaza ageza yokugezela, washayiswa umbono: Cwilisa umkhiqizo, ungasetha ivolumu yalo, walinganisa ivolumu okusamanzi dengwane yiwo.

Ngokusho yetinsita Archimedes egijima enqunu luhlangabezane mgwaqo ngezwi elikhulu of "Eureka!", Okusho ukuthi "Found ke!". Lokho umthetho eyinhloko hydrostatics uvulekele ngalesi sikhathi.

ucwaningo lwesayensi

Okunengi isayensi ukwenze sezibalo yamaGreki asendulo. "Eureka" wayengeyena nje idume isitatimende sakhe. Nalapha futhi, bonke ukutshela zinganekwane: Hiero njengesipho enkosini yaseGibhithe, uPtolemy wakha umkhumbi zikanokusho ngokuthi "Sirokosiya". Kepha umkhumbi awukwazanga echibini lapho amanzi enyakaza. Archimedes kwakhiwa ukuphakamisa uchungechunge - uhlelo emabhuloki, lapho wafika ukwenza umsebenzi ngesandla esisodwa ukunyakaza. Vele lo mcimbi saba ibhaxa yakhe enye ibinzana adumile: "Ngiphe Fulcrum nami kuyosishukumisela Earth '!.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo sezibalo

sezibalo ngesiGreki, wababaza: "Eureka", Archimedes, kwaba nombhali kweshumi ezisunguliwe lemine. Ngakho i-catapult ukuthi iqala amatshe 250-kilogram. Ezinye izazi zanamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi lo muntu uye wazakhela isibhamu.

Ukuze kuhlonishwe lokhu indoda ekhaliphile okuthiwa emgodini, le nguzunga nasemigwaqweni emadolobheni ezifana Amsterdam, Nizhny Novgorod, laseDonetsk, Dnieper, futhi-ke, indawo Syracuse.

Leibniz kanye esashiwo ibinzana ukuthi uma silitadisha ngokucophelela imisebenzi usosayensi, zatholwa izibalo zama-engela ayisekho kubhekwe entsha. Kwaba njalo ngempela, unyaka ayizinkulungwane nengxenye, iningi izibalo ngokunqoba kwamaGreki asendulo yaphindwa ngu Newton kanye Leibniz kanjalo.

ubuhlakani ukufa

Izwe lonke uyazi ukuthi sezibalo lwesiGreki sakuqala, wenza okuningi okwatholwa nokwasungulwa. Ngubani-Archimedes, ngisho nezingane ukwazi. Ngempela yaba buchopho. Uma ucabangela ukuphila kwayo uzungezwe ne izimfihlakalo nama-legends. Nokho, ngisho ukufa kwenziwe usosayensi akuyona ngaphandle izimfihlakalo zayo. Ngakho, uma ukholelwa ukuthi amazwi Ioanna Tsetsa, isazi sezibalo ngesikhathi ibambene omunye owayelwa ngasekhaya lakhe wacabanga mayelana imidwebo eyenziwe kuye phezu kwesihlabathi, okuyinto wayelele endleleni. isosha laseRoma wagijima eceleni futhi wagibela umdwebo. Ngemva kwalokho-Archimedes ngokumemeza: "Ningathinti imidwebo" baphuthuma futhi isosha. Ngenxa yalokho, leli sosha labona ukuthi wabulawa abandayo igazi izibalo.