Alkalosis - kuyini? Alkalosis: izimbangela, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa

Alkalosis libhekene izinguquko acid-base ibhalansi emzimbeni lapho esengeziwe izinto ane-alikhali. Lesisifo ezingavamile ngokwanele ukuba avuse izinguquko ezinkulu emsebenzini zonke zomzimba. Kwangathi ukuthuthukisa in iziyaluyalu wokugaya ukudla, ukulimala esikhathini nasezinkingeni ezilandela ngemva kokuhlinzwa phakathi komoya lokukhanda.

Alkalosis - kuyini?

Alkalosis kuyinto Ukungadli ukwakheka kohlelo sesikhashana zomzimba. Kulokhu, igazi alikhali baqale yibona phezu acid kanye pH luyanda. Uma, kunalokho, acid yibona phezu ngezizathu, ke kufakazela ukuthuthukiswa lactic - acidification komzimba, okuyinto kakhulu alkalosis yingozi kakhulu futhi nomthelela namandla phezu ukusebenza zonke izinhlelo.

Hlukanisa alkalosis ihlawulelwa futhi uncompensated. Esimweni sokuqala, ushintsho ibhalansi acid-base akayi phesheya nemingcele amukelwayo ukusebenza evamile umzimba (7.35-7.45), futhi ngokushesha kwesejwayelekile ngokwethula chloride futhi ukuzinza yokuphila kanye nokudla.

Lapho i-pH idlula iphuzu 7.45, kukhona alkalosis uncompensated. Kuyini lokhu? Umuntu nale inkomba acid-base ibhalansi kungukuphula ukusebenza evamile zonke zomzimba. Ikakhulukazi, zikhona izinkinga zenhliziyo, zokuphefumula, wokugaya ukudla bese izinhlelo sezinzwa.

Kungani kungukuphula ibhalansi acid-base emzimbeni

Umzimba womuntu izindlela ngokugcwele ukuthi impilo yonke alawule evamile uhlelo sesikhashana, nokucupha izinqubo ezithile kulesetayelekile ibhalansi acid-ane-alikhali. Ukudla zidliwa nsuku zonke, kungithinte pH.

Uma ukwephula asidi-base ukulingana uthi ezimbili okungenzeka imvelo yangaphakathi - lactic noma alkalosis.

Alkalosis - alkalization zomzimba. Kuhlelo ketshezi kuyovama compounds ane-alikhali futhi pH mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 7.45.

Lactic - acidification zomzimba. Kuyinto isimo esiyingozi ngoba umzimba livikela kakhulu alikhali kuka acid nemithi. Yingakho i-noma yiziphi izinguquko kwasekuqaleni, odokotela linqume Ukudla, kuyasiza kulesetayelekile pH.

Mshini izinguquko emzimbeni nganoma pH ephakeme

Ukuze uphendule kahle ushintsho oluzwayo empilweni yakho, kumele wazi alkalosis kanjani yingozi. Kubangela iziyaluyalu hemodynamic: ukwehla komfutho wegazi, kwenhliziyo, i-cerebral futhi yenhliziyo ukugeleza kwegazi. Kusukela isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene ukwehla motility emathunjini, okubangela ukuqunjelwa.

Vela isiyezi, uwela operability kwenzeke nakwisyncope, engasenamahloni isikhungo zokuphefumula. Ukwandiswa ukucasuka sezinzwa, imisipha hypertonicity avele, ongafinyelela cishe, futhi tetany.

izinhlobo alkalosis

Kuye umsuka isifo, kunamaqembu amathathu alkalosis:

• Negesi - kwenzeka uma hyperventilation. umoya-mpilo Ukwandiswa lokuhlushwa ngesikhathi ugqozi ikhuthaza excretion ngokweqile carbon dioxide ngesikhathi okhishwa ngamakhala. Lokhu zokugula libizwa alkalosis zokuphefumula. Igazi ukulahlekelwa kungaphinde kwenzeke lapho, ukulimala ekhanda, nemiphumela umzimba izidakamizwa ehlukahlukene (metrazole, i-caffeine, ubuthi microbial).
• Non-gas - has izinhlobo eziningana, ngayinye okwenzeka ezimweni ezithile ezikhethekile futhi abangele izinguquko umzimba.
• Mixed - kwenzeka uma ukulimala ekhanda ezibangela iphika, ukuhlanza, hypocapnia.

Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuxilonga alkalosis. Kuyini lokhu? Kungakhathaliseki umsuka, lesi sifo kubangela izinguquko ziphikelele ukusebenza izinhlelo ezibalulekile.

Ifomu alkalosis non-gaseous

Non-gas alkalosis ihlukaniswe excretory, umzimba kanye exogenous.

Excretory - kwenzeka nokuphathwa njalo isisu, izifo kwezinso, fistula esiswini, ukuhlanza eziyingozi (ngesikhathi lapho inombolo enkulu elahlekile juice esiswini), endocrine iziyaluyalu (imbangela sodium nokugcinwa emzimbeni).

alkalosis Exogenous eyenzeke ukungondleki kahle, lapho konke ukudla supersaturated alikhali lapho zaphathwa womuntu sodium Bicarbonate ukunciphisa isisu asidi.

Umzimba - into ezingavamile eba ayephuli izinqubo umzimba ezihilela electrolyte. Lesi simo kungaba azalwa naso (ukwephulwa of electrolyte exchange isiqondiso), ukuthuthukisa ngemva kokuhlinzwa isimila noma kutholakala izingane abaphethwe yamathambo.

Lapho alkalosis umuntu incipha kwenhliziyo ingcindezi lehla, futhi isimo kwawohloka, nekghono incipha ngokuqhubekayo olandela ebuthakathakeni. Nge lokhu kubonakaliswa kumelwe asuse alkalosis. Izimpawu ngokungaqondile kuphela ukhombise kuphula umthetho we-asidi kumele iqinisekise ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu.

Izimbangela alkalosis

Alkalosis eba ngaphansi kwethonya izici exogenous futhi endogenous. Imbangela alkalosis gas hyperventilation. Kulokhu kukhona anda-mpilo eyanele futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuqedwa ngokweqile carbon dioxide.

Alkalosis ngokuvamile kwenzeka esikhathini postoperative. Lokhu kungenxa buthakathaka komzimba ngesikhathi ukuhlinzwa futhi ngaphansi kwethonya izinzwa. Negesi alkalosis kungabangela umfutho wegazi ophakeme, hemolysis, yamathambo ezinganeni kanye nezilonda esiswini.

Imbangela yale alkalosis non-gaseous - ukuntuleka noma overabundance of juice esiswini. Noma yiziphi izinguquko kuholele ukuphazamiseka ibhalansi acid-base.

Umzimba alkalosis imbangela izidakamizwa ukuthi ukwandisa okuqukethwe alikhali emzimbeni. Thuthukisa ituthuko le zokugula kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo nge wokuqukethwe lelisetulu elisekela noma ukuhlanza ophikelelayo, lwenze okusheshayo chlorine.

symptomatology lesi sifo

Izimpawu zokuqala we alkalosis igesi bayanda nokukhathazeka injabulo. Isiguli isiyezi, ukunakekela kanye inkumbulo Ubangwa, lapho paresthesias ebusweni emikhawulweni, kukhona ukukhathala okusheshayo yikuphi ukuxhumana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukozela, ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni, isikhumba ugodo (ingaqala okuthiwa "grey cyanosis").

alkalosis umzimba libhekene ikhanda njalo ukozela, ukuvuvukala kwamalunga kanye nokugoqana, ukucobeka, nokunganaki ezweni elingaphandle, ukungakuthandi ukudla, iziyaluyalu wokugaya ukudla. Isikhumba zingavela amawala, kuba elomile okhanyayo.

Alkalosis: Ukuxilongwa sifo

Ngesisekelo izici zangaphandle kanye izimpawu eziyinhloko ayikwazi sitholakale. Ukukhomba ukwephula ibhalansi acid-base emzimbeni kuyadingeka azokuqhubela luhlolo egcwele (ukudlula umchamo, igazi, ingabe i electrocardiogram).

Ngaphandle standard, kubonisa ukuhlaziywa igazi usebenzisa "micro-Astrup" noma pH-imitha, ukuhlolwa mikrogazometrichesky. Ubunikazi alkalosis Lapho udokotela ekunika umuthi wokwelapha efanelekayo okuhloswe ngalo ukuqeda izimbangela izimpawu kanye neutralization okwalandela.

ukwelashwa alkalosis

ukwelashwa igesi alkalosis iyona ukuqedwa hyperventilation. Isiguli ezinqunyiwe inqubo ephefumula-carbon dioxide Izingxube (isib carbogen) ukubuyisela evamile acid-base balance.

Lahla zonke izimbangela ukungalingani - into yokuqala ukuthi kudingeka kwenziwe ukuqeda alkalosis. Izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kufanele kuhlanganiswe ke uzoshesha iwukudambisa ukuphazamiseka ukusebenza izinhlelo sesikhashana zomzimba.

Ukuqeda alkalosis non-gaseous isicelo izixazululo of ammonium chloride, potassium, i-calcium-insulini. Kungenzeka futhi ukwethula izidakamizwa, okuyinto ukucindezela isenzo anhydrase carbonic futhi lula excretion nge urinary system sodium ion ne-hydrogen carbonate.

Abantu alkalosis ezahlela ngokumelene isizinda pathologies ezinzima kuthiwa ungeniswe esibhedlela ngokushesha. alkalosis umzimba ngemithambo yegazi iqondiswa izixazululo-calcium chloride noma sodium. Lapho busuka izixazululo umzimba hypokalemia potassium chloride, potassium engashiyi izidakamizwa Pananginum.

Uma alkalosis kuhambisana ukuhlanza, uhudo noma haemolysis, ukuphathwa kuhloswe ngokuyinhloko at ekuqedeni zindlela zokusabela, futhi kuphela emva kwalokho yokwelapha kulesetayelekile ibhalansi acid-ane-alikhali.

Prevention alkalosis

Ngokuba nokuvimbela ukwephulwa pH kufanele ngokucophelela ziqashwe indlela yabo yokuphila. Kubalulekile ukugcina umsoco ofanele futhi ubuthongo, give up silungise imikhuba emibi futhi ubuthongo. Ukudla okuvamile ukusetshenziswa okwanele nezithelo nemifino eminingi ikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha kujwayeleke ibhalansi acid-ane-alikhali futhi kuvimbele alkalosis, izimbangela zazo amanga Ukudla okungalungile.

Udinga ukwazi ukuthi ukudla ukwandisa inani acid, futhi lapho kuyehla (lokhu ngokushesha ukuthuthukisa isimo sabo):

• lamanzi esiphethu, imikhiqizo yobisi itiye eliluhlaza neqhaza emakamu alikhali;
• amazambane kunomthelela ukunciphisa inani elisekela emzimbeni;
• itiye acid ezingeni ukwanda, ikhofi, imikhiqizo ebhikawozi, amaswidi, inhlanzi nenyama, ngakho lokhu kudla kufanele kudliwe ukulinganisela;
• kulesetayelekile le ane-alikhali pH Kunconywa ukuthatha okugeza kanye sauna.

Ane-alikhali zokugeza nahlanza ubuthi emzimbeni futhi ukunciphisa izinga acid. Ama-sauna inanethonya ukuhlanzwa, ezisithintayo kwegazi legazi futhi ngokushesha ukubuyisela ibhalansi acid-ane-alikhali.

Alkalosis ezinganeni

Ezinganeni, sinombono izimo eziningi sokugembula sifo eba kaningi, lokhu kungenxa lability izinhlelo sesikhashana zomzimba. alkalosis umzimba kungenzeka ngokumelene isizinda iyiphi iziyaluyalu wokugaya ukudla okuyinto ahambisana ukuhlanza (kunomthelela ekulahlekelweni esiswini acid), noma isifo sohudo.

Imbangela ezivame kakhulu alkalosis umzimba kukhona lokuzalwa ukuhlukumezeka, stenosis pyloric futhi ileus. Ukuthola isisu sithinta acid-base esele kohlelo sesikhashana futhi kungabangela alkalosis hypoglycemic.

Enye imbangela evamile iziyaluyalu ukulingana alkalis futhi acid kuyinto ukulungiswa olungalungile lactic ezinganeni. alkalosis umzimba kungase ngofuzo, ne zokuthutha chlorine ion kuyaphazamiseka emathunjini.

Xilonga zokugula angasebenzisa ukuhlaziya endleni, kuzoba chlorine ion, lesi sici awuzange zitholiwe isampula umchamo.

Izimbangela igesi alkalosis ezinganeni

Negesi alkalosis kungenzeka izingane hyperventilation, okungase liyochukuluza syndrome anobuthi ezenzeka acute viral izifo zokuphefumula, meningitis, inyumoniya, encephalitis, kuhlasimulise okulimala ebuchosheni, izimila ebuchosheni futhi ukusabela psychogenic.

Lapho umoya omncane mechanical ngokuvamile eba ihlawulelwa alkalosis zokuphefumula. Calcium ukuntula, okuyinto kwabangelwa Ukungadli kohlelo sesikhashana, isiguli avuse Ukudlikizela, ukucobeka anda isandla liqhaqhazela, futhi ukujuluka. Ezinganeni ezindala, kukhona esitho ndikindiki, ukushaya futhi tinnitus. hypercapnia olunamandla angabangela ingane iziyaluyalu ezinzima neuropsychiatric ngisho kuholele equlekile.

Izimpawu alkalosis ezinganeni

isikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuqeda alkalosis in izinsana. Izimpawu ze-pH ingane iyobonakaliswa ngendlela efanayo njengoba abadala: izinkathazo, ukucasuka, ukozela, ukukhathala, ukungakuthandi ukudla, izinkinga wokugaya ukudla.

Symptomatology ukungalingani acid-base inkomba ingase ihluke kancane, kuncike izizathu ukuthi wayithukuthelisa ushintsho pH. It kuyahlukahluka degree of izimpawu - kusukela imnene ezinzima izifo iziyaluyalu ezimisweni esibalulekile emzimbeni.

Njengoba asebenzelana ngayo nomqondo alkalosis (ukuthi luyini lolo daba futhi yiziphi izimbangela ukwephulwa pH), kungatholakala ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi ngezimpawu zesifo e ngokushesha ukuqeda ke.