Eczema: ukuthi kuyini, izimbangela, futhi izinhlobo zokwelapha

Kunezifo eziningi zesikhumba ezahlukahlukene ezibonakala ngokubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo. Esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu yi-eczema. Ngalo, wonke umntwana wesithupha kanye nomunye umuntu omdala we-10 uyawela. Izifo ezingapheli kubantu ziboniswa izimpawu ezingathandeki. Noma kunjalo, ungawaqeda. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungenzeka lapho kwenzeka khona ochwepheshe ehlonza isifo esifanele futhi ebeka ukwelashwa okufanele ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngakho, i-eczema - iyini? Umuntu angawususa kanjani lesi sifo futhi esikhathini esizayo ugweme ukucindezela kwawo?

Kuyini lesi sifo?

Ezokwelapha, igama elithi "eczema" lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza inqubo yokuvuvukala eyenzeka ezindaweni eziphezulu zesikhumba. Igama lesi sifo livela ngolimi lwesiGreki. Linalo igama elithi "eczeo", elisho ngokuhumusha lisho "ukupheka". Leli xabiso lihlukanisa ngokuphelele izici ze-eczema (ngesifo esikhumbeni kubonakala ama-bubbles, avulwa ngokushesha).

Iyini i-eczema? Kuyini? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo isintu sesazi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Igama elithi "eczema" laqala ukusetshenziselwa okhokho bethu ngekhulu lesibili BC. E. Leli gama lichaza izifo zesikhumba ezihlukahlukene ezenzeka ngendlela eqondile. Kuphela kwengxenye yokuqala ye-eczema yekhulu elidlule kwakunqotshwa abacwaningi endaweni ehlukile yezobuchwepheshe.

Izimbangela

Lapho uphendula umbuzo othi "Iyini i-eczema - iyini?" Kuyadingeka ukuthi lesi sifo siyi-polyethological. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sifo singavela ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene:

• Inendima ebalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo idlala yizici ezingavamile (ukudla, imithi, amafayalini nama-bacterium agents, amakhemikhali);
• Kwezinye iziguli, ukubukeka kwe-eczema kuhlotshaniswa nomthelela wezici ezingapheli (izifo ezingapheli).

Isikhathi esiningi lesi sifo siyatholakala lapho sisebancane. Ngokuyisisekelo, kwenzeka kulabo bantwana abane-diathesis exudative Kusukela ekuthuthukiseni i-eczema akulona inshuwalense kanye nabantu abadala.

Izinhlobo nezigaba zesifo

Akukho ukuhlukaniswa okujwayelekile emhlabeni wonke wesifo. Ezincwadini zezokwelapha izinhlobo ezilandelayo eziyinhloko ze-eczema ezincane zibalulwe:

• Okuyiqiniso (okungapheliyo);
• Seborrheic;
• I-Microbial;
• Izingane;
• Professional.

Kuhlobo ngalunye lwesifo kunezigaba eziningana:

1. Erythematous. I-Eczema (isithombe "Isigaba sokuqala sesifo" singabonakala ngezansi) sibonakala ngokuvuvukala okwenzeka njengamabala. Kancane kancane bahlangana nomunye nomunye.
2. I-Papular. Esikhuthweni esithintekile kukhona ama-nodules amancane anemingcele ecacile futhi efakwe embala obomvu obomvu.
3. I-Vesicular. Ukuphakama kwama-nodules ekhona kuhlanganiswe nama-vesicles agcwele okuqukethwe kwe-serous.
4. Isiteji sokumisa. Ama-vesicles esikhumbeni avuliwe. Kusukela ekubunjweni kwamaphuzu okubunjwa, uketshezi olwenziwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvuvukala luqala ukukhishwa.
5. Cortical. Isiketshezi esikhumbeni sisomile. Ngenxa yalokho, amabala aphuzi avela. Ngaphansi kwabo, ungqimba olungaphezulu lesikhumba lubuyiselwa.
6. Isiteji sokubheka (i-eczema eyomile). Izikali nama-crusts ebusweni besikhumba aqala ukunyamalala kancane kancane.

Isifo siqhubeka kanjani?

Kuhlobo ngalunye lwe-eczema lubonakala ngesithombe esithile somtholampilo. Njengoba kunezifo ezihlukahlukene ngempela, lesi senzo sokuvuvukala sibonakalisiwe ebusweni nasemlenzeni. I-Foci yokunqotshwa ayinayo imingcele ecacile. Ezinye iziguli zikhononda ngomzwelo obandayo.

I-eczema yeSeborrheic - iyini? Lolu hlobo lwesifo lubonakala, njengomthetho, kubantu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Izimpawu zesimo se-eczema zikhonjelwa kulezo zindawo lapho kunezinhlayiya ezisabekayo (izilonda zivela esikhwameni, ubuso, intamo, scapula, njll). Lesi sifo sihambisana nokushaya okukhulu.

I-microbial eczema kwenzeka ezindaweni lapho kune-fistula, izilonda ze-trophic, amanxeba anegciwane. Okokuqala ukuvuvukala kuqala ngezindawo ezithintekile zesikhumba kakade. Njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka, isikhumba esinempilo sihileleka kule nqubo. Izilonda ziyindilinga, ezinkulu. Imingcele yabo i-epidermis exfolized.

Izifo ezinganeni zibonakaliswa izimpawu ze-eczema yeqiniso, ye-seborrhoeic neye-microbial. Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo senziwa ezinganeni ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Izingane zilala kabi, zihlale zikhala ngenxa yokubamba. Izimpawu ezifana nokuzikhukhumeza, i-hyperemia, ukuxubana nokuqhathaniswa kwama-crusts kubonakala ngokucacile.

I-skin eczema yesikhumba ivela kubasebenzi kanye nabasebenzi abaxhumana namakhemikhali ahlukahlukene. I-foci yezilonda zivela ezindaweni ezivelele zesikhumba. Izimpawu zalesi sifo zinyamalale ngokushesha uma imiphumela yezamakhemikhali iqedwa.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-eczema

Ukuxilonga kuqala ngo-anamnesis. Isazi sithola ukuthi, lapho isiguli sinezibonakaliso zokuqala, ukuthi i-eczema ibonakala kanjani (isigaba sokuqala), kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isiguli asibekezelelani nanoma imuphi umkhiqizo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukusabela kwe-allergen kwenzekile ngaphambili, ngabe ngabe izici zokucasula kungenzeka zisebenza emzimbeni.

Ngemuva kokuqoqa ama-anamnesis, izivivinyo ze-laboratory zinikezwa:

• Ukuhlaziywa komtholampilo komchamo;
• Ukuvivinya kwegazi kanye nokwelashwa kwegazi;
• Ukunqunywa kwesilinganiso se- immunoglobulin E e-serum nge-enzyme immunoassay.

Izifundo ezifakwe ohlwini ziphoqelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwe-bacteriolog of skin microflora kungenziwa. Ngezinye izikhathi imiphumela yazo zonke izinqubo zokuhlola ziboniswa isidingo sokuxhumana nabanye ochwepheshe:

• Ku-gastroenterologist (ngenhloso yokuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwezifo zamathunjini);
• Uchwepheshe (phambi kwezifo ezihlukahlukene ezingelapheki);
• I-allergen (yokucwaninga kokugula);
• I-Psychoneurologist (yokuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwezifo zesimiso sezinzwa).

Ukwelashwa nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa

Ukwelashwa okuvamile kukhethwe udokotela ngabanye kuzo zonke izici ezithile, ngokucabangela izici ezingapheli futhi ezingavamile, okubangele ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo:

1. Ama-antihistamine anqunywe (i-Diprazin, i-Suprastin, i-Diazolin, i-Tavegil, iClaritin, njll). Zibangela ekuqedeni ukubonakaliswa kokungezwani komzimba.
2. Nge- syndrome edematic, ochwepheshe batusa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (isibonelo, "Furosemide").
3. Ukuze unikeze ithonya elilawulayo ohlelweni lokuvikela amasosha omzimba, "Diucifon", "Metiluracil", "Timolin", "Pyrogenal" nezinye zibekiwe.
4. Ngama-antibiotic e-microbial eczema kuboniswa ("Azithromycin", "Ampicillin", "Gentamicin", "Cefazolin", "Lincomycin", njll).
5. Ezinganeni ezinalesi sifo, ngokuvamile ochwepheshe bathola i-dysbiosis, i-fermentopathy yamapheshana omzimba. Ngokuqondene nalezi ziguli ezincane odokotela bakhetha i-Bifidumbacterin, i-Lactobacterin, i-Bactisubtil, i-Bifikol.

Uma ukwelashwa kwe-eczema kungaba ngaphandle. Inqunywe kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwenqubo yokuvuvukala, isigaba se-eczema. Ezimweni ezinzima, kutuswa ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-glucocorticosteroid: amandla amakhulu, aqinile naphakathi. Lapho ubukhulu bokuvuvukala kwehla, imishanguzo ebuthakathaka futhi ephakathi isebenza (isibonelo, ama-aerosols afana no-Triamcinolone, i-Oxycyclizol).

Izinto eziqhamukayo ziqala ukusebenzisa uma izenzakalo ezibuhlungu ziphelile. Kusho ukuthi kuqukethe i-thiol, isulfure, i-birch tar, amafutha we-naphthalan anconywa. Isinqumo senqubo yokuvuvukala ephuma esikhumbeni sikhombisa ukuphathwa kwamafutha okugcoba.

Udokotela angase futhi ancoma i- aniline dyes (isisombululo se-diamond eluhlaza utshwala, i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sika-1-3% isisombululo se-aqueous noma se-alcohol). Bahlakulela izifo, bakhuthaza ukwakheka okusheshayo nokwenqatshwa kwama-crusts.

Ukwelashwa okungewona umuthi

I-eczema ezandleni: indlela yokuphatha ngaphezulu? Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa akuyona injongo kuphela odokotela. Ukudla okunomsoco kunendima ebalulekile ekwelapheni lesi sifo. Iziguli zincoma ukudla okunomsoco-yemifino. Umphumela omuhle emzimbeni:

• I-Porridge;
• Imifino nezithelo;
• Ijusi le-Apple;
• Ama-compotes.

Kusukela kwimenyu kunconywa ukuthi ungabandakanyi izithelo ze-citrus, amaqanda, ama-broth, inyama enamafutha, inyama yenkukhu, amantongomane, utamatisi, i-legumes, izilwane zasolwandle, amakhowe, imayonnaise kanye nokuhlunga. Kusukela ku ikhofi, i-cocoa, iwayini elibomvu, iziphuzo ze-carbonated, futhi, udinga ukwenqaba.

Ngezilonda eziningi zesikhumba, izinqubo zamanzi azifisi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izazi zincoma ukwemukelwa kokugeza okuhlinzekwa nge-decoctions yamagciwane (isibonelo, kusuka ku-chamomile, oak bark). Ukuqapha okukhethekile kumele kuhokhwe ezembatho ezisetshenzisiwe. Abantu abane-eczema abakwazi ukugqoka uboya, i-flannel, izinto zokwenza izinto ezikhuphula isikhumba.

Iseluleko esengeziwe sezobuchwepheshe ekuqokweni kwezokwelapha iziguli:

• Ukungaxhunyiwe kokuxhumana nezinto nemikhiqizo engabangela ukusabela okweqile;
• Ukulala okuphelele, isikhathi okufanele sibe okungenani amahora angu-8;
• Ukulinganiselwa kwezimo ezicindezelayo;
• Ukuhamba kwemithi yokwelashwa (i-ultraviolet therapy).

Ukupheka kwemithi yendabuko

Abanye abantu abagulayo baphendukela kubaphili bendabuko usizo futhi babuze ukuthi i-eczema iphathwa kanjani ekhaya. Odokotela banikeza izindlela zokupheka ezilandelayo ezinkampanini zokuvuvukala ebusweni besikhumba:

1. Lungiselela iklabishi elisha. Hlanganisa ngeqanda elimhlophe. Hlanganisa ingxube elungiselelwe ngaphansi kokugqoka 1 noma izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku.
2. Thatha amaqabunga amaqabunga amasha. Ubilise ebisi bese uxuba ne-bran. Kusukela ekulungiseleleni okulungiselelwe ukwenza ama-poultices 1 noma izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku. Umphumela omuhle ubonakala esiteji sokumisa.
3. Uma une-eczema ezandleni zakho, yini ongayenza ukuze uyiphathe? Abahlengikazi bezokwelapha bayelulekwa ukuba balungiselele i-decoction ekhethekile. Kudingeka ukuthatha amahlumela we-birch, agcwele amaqabunga. Bafake esitsheni bese ubilise. Esikhathini somhluzi oshisayo kakhulu ngamahlumela, shiya izandla zakho. Gcina kuzo oketshezi ngesigamu sehora. Phakathi nosuku, usengenza izinqubo ezingu-1 noma ezimbili.
4. Izingane ezibhekene ne-eczema emanzi zingalungiselela ikhambi elivela kuma-walnuts. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha isithako esibizwa ngokuthi (kugobolondo) ngesamba sezingcezu ezingu-3. Beka ama-walnuts kuhhavini bese ungawasusi kuze kube yilapho bathola i-hue emnyama. Ngemuva kokupheka nokupholisa, uthele ngaphandle, ungeze u-1 tsp. Amafutha okudoba. Ingxube eqedile ingafakwa kabili ngosuku.
5. Le recipe iphinde impendulo yombuzo, uma une-eczema ezandleni zakho: kunokwelapha? Uma kwenzeka ukuvuvukala emilenzeni engenhla evele ngenxa yethonya elibi lama-detergents, kubalulekile ukulungisa isisombululo (engeza 1 tsp soda ku-1 litre lamanzi apholile). Beka izandla zakho kuwo imizuzu engu-15-20, bese uwafaka ekufudumeni kwe-sunflower noma amafutha omnqumo. Ngemuva kwenqubo, akukhuthazwa ukuthi ugeze futhi usule isikhumba. Ungakwenza ngesigamu sehora.

Ukuze uphathe i-eczema, ungalungisa amafutha akhethekile. Yenziwa ngesisekelo sezinselo, amakhambi omisiwe we-spray, izimbali ze-chamomile namaqabunga e-burdock. Izigaba zokulungiselela i-ejenti yokwelapha i-eczema zimi kanje:

• Izithako ezifakwe ohlwini (ngasinye esithathwe i-20 g) zifakwe emgodini ezinezingilazi zamanzi bese zifaka umlilo;
• Ukulungiselela kuphekwe imizuzu engu-25;
• Emva kwalokho 1 tbsp. L. I-Butter, 1 ingilazi ye-decoction eqinile ye-hay, kodwa ungayisusi emlilweni (ungayifaka emanzini okugeza);
• Umhluzi wokugcina uhlungiwe futhi uxubene nesilinganiso esilinganayo se-glycerin.

Ukusebenza kokwelashwa

Ngokwelashwa okutholiwe kahle futhi okufika ngesikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa esimweni somuntu ogulayo kuza cishe ngeviki elilodwa noma ngaphambili. Inqubo yokuvuvukala ezindaweni ezithintekile zesikhumba iqala ukwehlisa. Amathanga amasha nama-nodule asisekho. Izakhi ezindala zibuyisa kancane kancane. Abantu abagulayo, abane-eczema eminwe, emilenzeni nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, bayeka ukukhononda ngokubamba njalo.

Ukubuyiswa kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-20-25. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi i-eczema yisifo esingapheli futhi sibuyela njalo. Ukuvimbela kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukukhuphuka. Uma wenza zonke izinyathelo eziphakanyisiwe, isikhathi sokuxolelwa singadlulela iminyaka eminingana ngisho nokuphila.

Ukuvimbela i-eczema

Izifo kulula ukuvimbela kunokwelapha. Lokhu kuyiqiniso futhi nge-eczema. Isilinganiso esibalulekile sokuzivikela ukunakekela isikhumba esifanele. Iqiniso liwukuthi inqubo engenakwenzeka eyenziwa emzimbeni womuntu ikwabiwa kwesithukuthezi. Uma iqhuma, imikhiqizo ye-metabolism isala esikhumbeni. Zihlanganiswa namafutha anamafutha, aphethwe yizigulane ezisabekayo. Udaka olubekwe esikhumbeni lenza izimo ezinhle zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziphilayo.

Ukuhlanza njalo isikhumba kuqeda ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokuvuvukala. Ngenhloso yokuhlanzeka, kwanele ukugeza umzimba izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngeviki nokusetshenziswa kweseva yangasese kanye nesiponji. Insipho yasemakhaya ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa, ngoba ingabangela i-eczema. Ukubuyekeza kwalo kufakazela ukuthi emva kokusebenzisa kwayo kunomile nokucasula kwesikhumba.

Kunconywa ukuba uthathe isha kabili ngesonto. Izingosi ezingcolile kakhulu (ubuso, izandla, ama-axillary, ama-genitalia angaphandle, imilenze) kufanele ihlanzwe nsuku zonke ngesepha. Ukunakekela ubuso kufanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile. Isikhumba esinamafutha kufanele sisuswe ngezixazululo zokuphuza utshwala salicylic (1-2%), i-tincture ye-calendula (isipuni esingu-1 ngalunye ingilazi yamanzi 1). Ungathenga izimonyo ezikhethekile. Abanikazi besikhumba esomile banconywa ukuthi basebenzise ama-creams anempilo.

Esinye isinyathelo sokuzivikela sigqoke izingubo ezingabangela ukungahambi kahle. Kungcono ukuthenga izinto ezenziwe ngekotoni. Lezi zinto zinezici ezinhle kakhulu. Lithinta isithukuthuku esivela emzimbeni, idle ngokushesha futhi inikeza umoya amangqamuzana esikhumba.

Ezinye izinyathelo zokuvimbela zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhishwa koxhumana nabo abanezifo;
• Ukulungiswa kokudla, ukuhambisana nokudla;
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamathambo angathathi hlangothi;
• Ukusebenzisa amagilavu uma usebenza ngamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene.

Lesi sifo "i-eczema" singenzeka kunoma yimuphi umuntu, ngoba akuyona into engavamile futhi ngokwezibalo cishe ngo-30% kuzo zonke izifo zesikhumba. Ukuxilongwa kwesifo ngesisindo esifanayo kokubili besifazane nabesilisa. I-Eczema ayibangeli ekufeni, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ngendlela ebi kakhulu, ebangela ukukhubazeka. Ukuze ungaphazamisi lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo zokuvimbela. Uma izimpawu ezifanayo ze-eczema kufanele zifune usizo ochwepheshe.